arch/arm64/include/asm/kvm_mmu.h

/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
/*
 * Copyright (C) 2012,2013 - ARM Ltd
 * Author: Marc Zyngier <marc.zyngier@arm.com>
 */

#ifndef __ARM64_KVM_MMU_H__
#define __ARM64_KVM_MMU_H__

#include <asm/page.h>
#include <asm/memory.h>
#include <asm/cpufeature.h>

/*
 * As ARMv8.0 only has the TTBR0_EL2 register, we cannot express
 * "negative" addresses. This makes it impossible to directly share
 * mappings with the kernel.
 *
 * Instead, give the HYP mode its own VA region at a fixed offset from
 * the kernel by just masking the top bits (which are all ones for a
 * kernel address). We need to find out how many bits to mask.
 *
 * We want to build a set of page tables that cover both parts of the
 * idmap (the trampoline page used to initialize EL2), and our normal
 * runtime VA space, at the same time.
 *
 * Given that the kernel uses VA_BITS for its entire address space,
 * and that half of that space (VA_BITS - 1) is used for the linear
 * mapping, we can also limit the EL2 space to (VA_BITS - 1).
 *
 * The main question is "Within the VA_BITS space, does EL2 use the
 * top or the bottom half of that space to shadow the kernel's linear
 * mapping?". As we need to idmap the trampoline page, this is
 * determined by the range in which this page lives.
 *
 * If the page is in the bottom half, we have to use the top half. If
 * the page is in the top half, we have to use the bottom half:
 *
 * T = __pa_symbol(__hyp_idmap_text_start)
 * if (T & BIT(VA_BITS - 1))
 *	HYP_VA_MIN = 0  //idmap in upper half
 * else
 *	HYP_VA_MIN = 1 << (VA_BITS - 1)
 * HYP_VA_MAX = HYP_VA_MIN + (1 << (VA_BITS - 1)) - 1
 *
 * This of course assumes that the trampoline page exists within the
 * VA_BITS range. If it doesn't, then it means we're in the odd case
 * where the kernel idmap (as well as HYP) uses more levels than the
 * kernel runtime page tables (as seen when the kernel is configured
 * for 4k pages, 39bits VA, and yet memory lives just above that
 * limit, forcing the idmap to use 4 levels of page tables while the
 * kernel itself only uses 3). In this particular case, it doesn't
 * matter which side of VA_BITS we use, as we're guaranteed not to
 * conflict with anything.
 *
 * When using VHE, there are no separate hyp mappings and all KVM
 * functionality is already mapped as part of the main kernel
 * mappings, and none of this applies in that case.
 */

#ifdef __ASSEMBLY__

#include <asm/alternative.h>

/*
 * Convert a kernel VA into a HYP VA.
 * reg: VA to be converted.
 *
 * The actual code generation takes place in kvm_update_va_mask, and
 * the instructions below are only there to reserve the space and
 * perform the register allocation (kvm_update_va_mask uses the
 * specific registers encoded in the instructions).
 */
.macro kern_hyp_va	reg
alternative_cb kvm_update_va_mask
	and     \reg, \reg, #1		/* mask with va_mask */
	ror	\reg, \reg, #1		/* rotate to the first tag bit */
	add	\reg, \reg, #0		/* insert the low 12 bits of the tag */
	add	\reg, \reg, #0, lsl 12	/* insert the top 12 bits of the tag */
	ror	\reg, \reg, #63		/* rotate back */
alternative_cb_end
.endm

#else

#include <linux/pgtable.h>
#include <asm/pgalloc.h>
#include <asm/cache.h>
#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
#include <asm/mmu_context.h>

void kvm_update_va_mask(struct alt_instr *alt,
			__le32 *origptr, __le32 *updptr, int nr_inst);
void kvm_compute_layout(void);

static __always_inline unsigned long __kern_hyp_va(unsigned long v)
{
	asm volatile(ALTERNATIVE_CB("and %0, %0, #1\n"
				    "ror %0, %0, #1\n"
				    "add %0, %0, #0\n"
				    "add %0, %0, #0, lsl 12\n"
				    "ror %0, %0, #63\n",
				    kvm_update_va_mask)
		     : "+r" (v));
	return v;
}

#define kern_hyp_va(v) 	((typeof(v))(__kern_hyp_va((unsigned long)(v))))

/*
 * Obtain the PC-relative address of a kernel symbol
 * s: symbol
 *
 * The goal of this macro is to return a symbol's address based on a
 * PC-relative computation, as opposed to a loading the VA from a
 * constant pool or something similar. This works well for HYP, as an
 * absolute VA is guaranteed to be wrong. Only use this if trying to
 * obtain the address of a symbol (i.e. not something you obtained by
 * following a pointer).
 */
#define hyp_symbol_addr(s)						\
	({								\
		typeof(s) *addr;					\
		asm("adrp	%0, %1\n"				\
		    "add	%0, %0, :lo12:%1\n"			\
		    : "=r" (addr) : "S" (&s));				\
		addr;							\
	})

/*
 * We currently support using a VM-specified IPA size. For backward
 * compatibility, the default IPA size is fixed to 40bits.
 */
#define KVM_PHYS_SHIFT	(40)

#define kvm_phys_shift(kvm)		VTCR_EL2_IPA(kvm->arch.vtcr)
#define kvm_phys_size(kvm)		(_AC(1, ULL) << kvm_phys_shift(kvm))
#define kvm_phys_mask(kvm)		(kvm_phys_size(kvm) - _AC(1, ULL))

static inline bool kvm_page_empty(void *ptr)
{
	struct page *ptr_page = virt_to_page(ptr);
	return page_count(ptr_page) == 1;
}

#include <asm/stage2_pgtable.h>

int create_hyp_mappings(void *from, void *to, pgprot_t prot);
int create_hyp_io_mappings(phys_addr_t phys_addr, size_t size,
			   void __iomem **kaddr,
			   void __iomem **haddr);
int create_hyp_exec_mappings(phys_addr_t phys_addr, size_t size,
			     void **haddr);
void free_hyp_pgds(void);

void stage2_unmap_vm(struct kvm *kvm);
int kvm_alloc_stage2_pgd(struct kvm *kvm);
void kvm_free_stage2_pgd(struct kvm *kvm);
int kvm_phys_addr_ioremap(struct kvm *kvm, phys_addr_t guest_ipa,
			  phys_addr_t pa, unsigned long size, bool writable);

int kvm_handle_guest_abort(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_run *run);

void kvm_mmu_free_memory_caches(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);

phys_addr_t kvm_mmu_get_httbr(void);
phys_addr_t kvm_get_idmap_vector(void);
int kvm_mmu_init(void);
void kvm_clear_hyp_idmap(void);

#define kvm_mk_pmd(ptep)					\
	__pmd(__phys_to_pmd_val(__pa(ptep)) | PMD_TYPE_TABLE)
#define kvm_mk_pud(pmdp)					\
	__pud(__phys_to_pud_val(__pa(pmdp)) | PMD_TYPE_TABLE)
#define kvm_mk_p4d(pmdp)					\
	__p4d(__phys_to_p4d_val(__pa(pmdp)) | PUD_TYPE_TABLE)

#define kvm_set_pud(pudp, pud)		set_pud(pudp, pud)

#define kvm_pfn_pte(pfn, prot)		pfn_pte(pfn, prot)
#define kvm_pfn_pmd(pfn, prot)		pfn_pmd(pfn, prot)
#define kvm_pfn_pud(pfn, prot)		pfn_pud(pfn, prot)

#define kvm_pud_pfn(pud)		pud_pfn(pud)

#define kvm_pmd_mkhuge(pmd)		pmd_mkhuge(pmd)
#define kvm_pud_mkhuge(pud)		pud_mkhuge(pud)

static inline pte_t kvm_s2pte_mkwrite(pte_t pte)
{
	pte_val(pte) |= PTE_S2_RDWR;
	return pte;
}

static inline pmd_t kvm_s2pmd_mkwrite(pmd_t pmd)
{
	pmd_val(pmd) |= PMD_S2_RDWR;
	return pmd;
}

static inline pud_t kvm_s2pud_mkwrite(pud_t pud)
{
	pud_val(pud) |= PUD_S2_RDWR;
	return pud;
}

static inline pte_t kvm_s2pte_mkexec(pte_t pte)
{
	pte_val(pte) &= ~PTE_S2_XN;
	return pte;
}

static inline pmd_t kvm_s2pmd_mkexec(pmd_t pmd)
{
	pmd_val(pmd) &= ~PMD_S2_XN;
	return pmd;
}

static inline pud_t kvm_s2pud_mkexec(pud_t pud)
{
	pud_val(pud) &= ~PUD_S2_XN;
	return pud;
}

static inline void kvm_set_s2pte_readonly(pte_t *ptep)
{
	pteval_t old_pteval, pteval;

	pteval = READ_ONCE(pte_val(*ptep));
	do {
		old_pteval = pteval;
		pteval &= ~PTE_S2_RDWR;
		pteval |= PTE_S2_RDONLY;
		pteval = cmpxchg_relaxed(&pte_val(*ptep), old_pteval, pteval);
	} while (pteval != old_pteval);
}

static inline bool kvm_s2pte_readonly(pte_t *ptep)
{
	return (READ_ONCE(pte_val(*ptep)) & PTE_S2_RDWR) == PTE_S2_RDONLY;
}

static inline bool kvm_s2pte_exec(pte_t *ptep)
{
	return !(READ_ONCE(pte_val(*ptep)) & PTE_S2_XN);
}

static inline void kvm_set_s2pmd_readonly(pmd_t *pmdp)
{
	kvm_set_s2pte_readonly((pte_t *)pmdp);
}

static inline bool kvm_s2pmd_readonly(pmd_t *pmdp)
{
	return kvm_s2pte_readonly((pte_t *)pmdp);
}

static inline bool kvm_s2pmd_exec(pmd_t *pmdp)
{
	return !(READ_ONCE(pmd_val(*pmdp)) & PMD_S2_XN);
}

static inline void kvm_set_s2pud_readonly(pud_t *pudp)
{
	kvm_set_s2pte_readonly((pte_t *)pudp);
}

static inline bool kvm_s2pud_readonly(pud_t *pudp)
{
	return kvm_s2pte_readonly((pte_t *)pudp);
}

static inline bool kvm_s2pud_exec(pud_t *pudp)
{
	return !(READ_ONCE(pud_val(*pudp)) & PUD_S2_XN);
}

static inline pud_t kvm_s2pud_mkyoung(pud_t pud)
{
	return pud_mkyoung(pud);
}

static inline bool kvm_s2pud_young(pud_t pud)
{
	return pud_young(pud);
}

#define hyp_pte_table_empty(ptep) kvm_page_empty(ptep)

#ifdef __PAGETABLE_PMD_FOLDED
#define hyp_pmd_table_empty(pmdp) (0)
#else
#define hyp_pmd_table_empty(pmdp) kvm_page_empty(pmdp)
#endif

#ifdef __PAGETABLE_PUD_FOLDED
#define hyp_pud_table_empty(pudp) (0)
#else
#define hyp_pud_table_empty(pudp) kvm_page_empty(pudp)
#endif

#ifdef __PAGETABLE_P4D_FOLDED
#define hyp_p4d_table_empty(p4dp) (0)
#else
#define hyp_p4d_table_empty(p4dp) kvm_page_empty(p4dp)
#endif

struct kvm;

#define kvm_flush_dcache_to_poc(a,l)	__flush_dcache_area((a), (l))

static inline bool vcpu_has_cache_enabled(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
{
	return (vcpu_read_sys_reg(vcpu, SCTLR_EL1) & 0b101) == 0b101;
}

static inline void __clean_dcache_guest_page(kvm_pfn_t pfn, unsigned long size)
{
	void *va = page_address(pfn_to_page(pfn));

	/*
	 * With FWB, we ensure that the guest always accesses memory using
	 * cacheable attributes, and we don't have to clean to PoC when
	 * faulting in pages. Furthermore, FWB implies IDC, so cleaning to
	 * PoU is not required either in this case.
	 */
	if (cpus_have_const_cap(ARM64_HAS_STAGE2_FWB))
		return;

	kvm_flush_dcache_to_poc(va, size);
}

static inline void __invalidate_icache_guest_page(kvm_pfn_t pfn,
						  unsigned long size)
{
	if (icache_is_aliasing()) {
		/* any kind of VIPT cache */
		__flush_icache_all();
	} else if (is_kernel_in_hyp_mode() || !icache_is_vpipt()) {
		/* PIPT or VPIPT at EL2 (see comment in __kvm_tlb_flush_vmid_ipa) */
		void *va = page_address(pfn_to_page(pfn));

		invalidate_icache_range((unsigned long)va,
					(unsigned long)va + size);
	}
}

static inline void __kvm_flush_dcache_pte(pte_t pte)
{
	if (!cpus_have_const_cap(ARM64_HAS_STAGE2_FWB)) {
		struct page *page = pte_page(pte);
		kvm_flush_dcache_to_poc(page_address(page), PAGE_SIZE);
	}
}

static inline void __kvm_flush_dcache_pmd(pmd_t pmd)
{
	if (!cpus_have_const_cap(ARM64_HAS_STAGE2_FWB)) {
		struct page *page = pmd_page(pmd);
		kvm_flush_dcache_to_poc(page_address(page), PMD_SIZE);
	}
}

static inline void __kvm_flush_dcache_pud(pud_t pud)
{
	if (!cpus_have_const_cap(ARM64_HAS_STAGE2_FWB)) {
		struct page *page = pud_page(pud);
		kvm_flush_dcache_to_poc(page_address(page), PUD_SIZE);
	}
}

void kvm_set_way_flush(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
void kvm_toggle_cache(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, bool was_enabled);

static inline bool __kvm_cpu_uses_extended_idmap(void)
{
	return __cpu_uses_extended_idmap_level();
}

static inline unsigned long __kvm_idmap_ptrs_per_pgd(void)
{
	return idmap_ptrs_per_pgd;
}

/*
 * Can't use pgd_populate here, because the extended idmap adds an extra level
 * above CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS (which is 2 or 3 if we're using the extended
 * idmap), and pgd_populate is only available if CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS = 4.
 */
static inline void __kvm_extend_hypmap(pgd_t *boot_hyp_pgd,
				       pgd_t *hyp_pgd,
				       pgd_t *merged_hyp_pgd,
				       unsigned long hyp_idmap_start)
{
	int idmap_idx;
	u64 pgd_addr;

	/*
	 * Use the first entry to access the HYP mappings. It is
	 * guaranteed to be free, otherwise we wouldn't use an
	 * extended idmap.
	 */
	VM_BUG_ON(pgd_val(merged_hyp_pgd[0]));
	pgd_addr = __phys_to_pgd_val(__pa(hyp_pgd));
	merged_hyp_pgd[0] = __pgd(pgd_addr | PMD_TYPE_TABLE);

	/*
	 * Create another extended level entry that points to the boot HYP map,
	 * which contains an ID mapping of the HYP init code. We essentially
	 * merge the boot and runtime HYP maps by doing so, but they don't
	 * overlap anyway, so this is fine.
	 */
	idmap_idx = hyp_idmap_start >> VA_BITS;
	VM_BUG_ON(pgd_val(merged_hyp_pgd[idmap_idx]));
	pgd_addr = __phys_to_pgd_val(__pa(boot_hyp_pgd));
	merged_hyp_pgd[idmap_idx] = __pgd(pgd_addr | PMD_TYPE_TABLE);
}

static inline unsigned int kvm_get_vmid_bits(void)
{
	int reg = read_sanitised_ftr_reg(SYS_ID_AA64MMFR1_EL1);

	return get_vmid_bits(reg);
}

/*
 * We are not in the kvm->srcu critical section most of the time, so we take
 * the SRCU read lock here. Since we copy the data from the user page, we
 * can immediately drop the lock again.
 */
static inline int kvm_read_guest_lock(struct kvm *kvm,
				      gpa_t gpa, void *data, unsigned long len)
{
	int srcu_idx = srcu_read_lock(&kvm->srcu);
	int ret = kvm_read_guest(kvm, gpa, data, len);

	srcu_read_unlock(&kvm->srcu, srcu_idx);

	return ret;
}

static inline int kvm_write_guest_lock(struct kvm *kvm, gpa_t gpa,
				       const void *data, unsigned long len)
{
	int srcu_idx = srcu_read_lock(&kvm->srcu);
	int ret = kvm_write_guest(kvm, gpa, data, len);

	srcu_read_unlock(&kvm->srcu, srcu_idx);

	return ret;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_KVM_INDIRECT_VECTORS
/*
 * EL2 vectors can be mapped and rerouted in a number of ways,
 * depending on the kernel configuration and CPU present:
 *
 * - If the CPU has the ARM64_HARDEN_BRANCH_PREDICTOR cap, the
 *   hardening sequence is placed in one of the vector slots, which is
 *   executed before jumping to the real vectors.
 *
 * - If the CPU has both the ARM64_HARDEN_EL2_VECTORS cap and the
 *   ARM64_HARDEN_BRANCH_PREDICTOR cap, the slot containing the
 *   hardening sequence is mapped next to the idmap page, and executed
 *   before jumping to the real vectors.
 *
 * - If the CPU only has the ARM64_HARDEN_EL2_VECTORS cap, then an
 *   empty slot is selected, mapped next to the idmap page, and
 *   executed before jumping to the real vectors.
 *
 * Note that ARM64_HARDEN_EL2_VECTORS is somewhat incompatible with
 * VHE, as we don't have hypervisor-specific mappings. If the system
 * is VHE and yet selects this capability, it will be ignored.
 */
#include <asm/mmu.h>

extern void *__kvm_bp_vect_base;
extern int __kvm_harden_el2_vector_slot;

/*  This is called on both VHE and !VHE systems */
static inline void *kvm_get_hyp_vector(void)
{
	struct bp_hardening_data *data = arm64_get_bp_hardening_data();
	void *vect = kern_hyp_va(kvm_ksym_ref(__kvm_hyp_vector));
	int slot = -1;

	if (cpus_have_const_cap(ARM64_HARDEN_BRANCH_PREDICTOR) && data->fn) {
		vect = kern_hyp_va(kvm_ksym_ref(__bp_harden_hyp_vecs));
		slot = data->hyp_vectors_slot;
	}

	if (this_cpu_has_cap(ARM64_HARDEN_EL2_VECTORS) && !has_vhe()) {
		vect = __kvm_bp_vect_base;
		if (slot == -1)
			slot = __kvm_harden_el2_vector_slot;
	}

	if (slot != -1)
		vect += slot * SZ_2K;

	return vect;
}

/*  This is only called on a !VHE system */
static inline int kvm_map_vectors(void)
{
	/*
	 * HBP  = ARM64_HARDEN_BRANCH_PREDICTOR
	 * HEL2 = ARM64_HARDEN_EL2_VECTORS
	 *
	 * !HBP + !HEL2 -> use direct vectors
	 *  HBP + !HEL2 -> use hardened vectors in place
	 * !HBP +  HEL2 -> allocate one vector slot and use exec mapping
	 *  HBP +  HEL2 -> use hardened vertors and use exec mapping
	 */
	if (cpus_have_const_cap(ARM64_HARDEN_BRANCH_PREDICTOR)) {
		__kvm_bp_vect_base = kvm_ksym_ref(__bp_harden_hyp_vecs);
		__kvm_bp_vect_base = kern_hyp_va(__kvm_bp_vect_base);
	}

	if (cpus_have_const_cap(ARM64_HARDEN_EL2_VECTORS)) {
		phys_addr_t vect_pa = __pa_symbol(__bp_harden_hyp_vecs);
		unsigned long size = __BP_HARDEN_HYP_VECS_SZ;

		/*
		 * Always allocate a spare vector slot, as we don't
		 * know yet which CPUs have a BP hardening slot that
		 * we can reuse.
		 */
		__kvm_harden_el2_vector_slot = atomic_inc_return(&arm64_el2_vector_last_slot);
		BUG_ON(__kvm_harden_el2_vector_slot >= BP_HARDEN_EL2_SLOTS);
		return create_hyp_exec_mappings(vect_pa, size,
						&__kvm_bp_vect_base);
	}

	return 0;
}
#else
static inline void *kvm_get_hyp_vector(void)
{
	return kern_hyp_va(kvm_ksym_ref(__kvm_hyp_vector));
}

static inline int kvm_map_vectors(void)
{
	return 0;
}
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_ARM64_SSBD
DECLARE_PER_CPU_READ_MOSTLY(u64, arm64_ssbd_callback_required);

static inline int hyp_map_aux_data(void)
{
	int cpu, err;

	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
		u64 *ptr;

		ptr = per_cpu_ptr(&arm64_ssbd_callback_required, cpu);
		err = create_hyp_mappings(ptr, ptr + 1, PAGE_HYP);
		if (err)
			return err;
	}
	return 0;
}
#else
static inline int hyp_map_aux_data(void)
{
	return 0;
}
#endif

#define kvm_phys_to_vttbr(addr)		phys_to_ttbr(addr)

/*
 * Get the magic number 'x' for VTTBR:BADDR of this KVM instance.
 * With v8.2 LVA extensions, 'x' should be a minimum of 6 with
 * 52bit IPS.
 */
static inline int arm64_vttbr_x(u32 ipa_shift, u32 levels)
{
	int x = ARM64_VTTBR_X(ipa_shift, levels);

	return (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARM64_PA_BITS_52) && x < 6) ? 6 : x;
}

static inline u64 vttbr_baddr_mask(u32 ipa_shift, u32 levels)
{
	unsigned int x = arm64_vttbr_x(ipa_shift, levels);

	return GENMASK_ULL(PHYS_MASK_SHIFT - 1, x);
}

static inline u64 kvm_vttbr_baddr_mask(struct kvm *kvm)
{
	return vttbr_baddr_mask(kvm_phys_shift(kvm), kvm_stage2_levels(kvm));
}

static __always_inline u64 kvm_get_vttbr(struct kvm *kvm)
{
	struct kvm_vmid *vmid = &kvm->arch.vmid;
	u64 vmid_field, baddr;
	u64 cnp = system_supports_cnp() ? VTTBR_CNP_BIT : 0;

	baddr = kvm->arch.pgd_phys;
	vmid_field = (u64)vmid->vmid << VTTBR_VMID_SHIFT;
	return kvm_phys_to_vttbr(baddr) | vmid_field | cnp;
}

/*
 * Must be called from hyp code running at EL2 with an updated VTTBR
 * and interrupts disabled.
 */
static __always_inline void __load_guest_stage2(struct kvm *kvm)
{
	write_sysreg(kvm->arch.vtcr, vtcr_el2);
	write_sysreg(kvm_get_vttbr(kvm), vttbr_el2);

	/*
	 * ARM errata 1165522 and 1530923 require the actual execution of the
	 * above before we can switch to the EL1/EL0 translation regime used by
	 * the guest.
	 */
	asm(ALTERNATIVE("nop", "isb", ARM64_WORKAROUND_SPECULATIVE_AT));
}

#endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
#endif /* __ARM64_KVM_MMU_H__ */