updater/install.cpp

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2009 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

#include "updater/install.h"

#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <ftw.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/capability.h>
#include <sys/mount.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/xattr.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <utime.h>

#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

#include <android-base/file.h>
#include <android-base/parsedouble.h>
#include <android-base/parseint.h>
#include <android-base/properties.h>
#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
#include <android-base/strings.h>
#include <cutils/android_reboot.h>
#include <ext4_utils/make_ext4fs.h>
#include <ext4_utils/wipe.h>
#include <openssl/sha.h>
#include <selinux/label.h>
#include <selinux/selinux.h>
#include <ziparchive/zip_archive.h>

#include "applypatch/applypatch.h"
#include "bootloader.h"
#include "edify/expr.h"
#include "error_code.h"
#include "mounts.h"
#include "ota_io.h"
#include "otautil/DirUtil.h"
#include "otautil/ZipUtil.h"
#include "print_sha1.h"
#include "tune2fs.h"
#include "updater/updater.h"

// Send over the buffer to recovery though the command pipe.
static void uiPrint(State* state, const std::string& buffer) {
    UpdaterInfo* ui = static_cast<UpdaterInfo*>(state->cookie);

    // "line1\nline2\n" will be split into 3 tokens: "line1", "line2" and "".
    // So skip sending empty strings to UI.
    std::vector<std::string> lines = android::base::Split(buffer, "\n");
    for (auto& line: lines) {
        if (!line.empty()) {
            fprintf(ui->cmd_pipe, "ui_print %s\n", line.c_str());
            fprintf(ui->cmd_pipe, "ui_print\n");
        }
    }

    // On the updater side, we need to dump the contents to stderr (which has
    // been redirected to the log file). Because the recovery will only print
    // the contents to screen when processing pipe command ui_print.
    fprintf(stderr, "%s", buffer.c_str());
}

void uiPrintf(State* _Nonnull state, const char* _Nonnull format, ...) {
    std::string error_msg;

    va_list ap;
    va_start(ap, format);
    android::base::StringAppendV(&error_msg, format, ap);
    va_end(ap);

    uiPrint(state, error_msg);
}

static bool is_dir(const std::string& dirpath) {
  struct stat st;
  return stat(dirpath.c_str(), &st) == 0 && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
}

// Create all parent directories of name, if necessary.
static bool make_parents(const std::string& name) {
    size_t prev_end = 0;
    while (prev_end < name.size()) {
        size_t next_end = name.find('/', prev_end + 1);
        if (next_end == std::string::npos) {
            break;
        }
        std::string dir_path = name.substr(0, next_end);
        if (!is_dir(dir_path)) {
            int result = mkdir(dir_path.c_str(), 0700);
            if (result != 0) {
                printf("failed to mkdir %s when make parents for %s: %s\n", dir_path.c_str(),
                       name.c_str(), strerror(errno));
                return false;
            }

            printf("created [%s]\n", dir_path.c_str());
        }
        prev_end = next_end;
    }
    return true;
}

// mount(fs_type, partition_type, location, mount_point)
// mount(fs_type, partition_type, location, mount_point, mount_options)
//
//    fs_type="ext4"   partition_type="EMMC"    location=device
Value* MountFn(const char* name, State* state, int argc, Expr* argv[]) {
    if (argc != 4 && argc != 5) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() expects 4-5 args, got %d", name, argc);
    }

    std::vector<std::string> args;
    if (!ReadArgs(state, argc, argv, &args)) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() Failed to parse the argument(s)", name);
    }
    const std::string& fs_type = args[0];
    const std::string& partition_type = args[1];
    const std::string& location = args[2];
    const std::string& mount_point = args[3];
    std::string mount_options;

    if (argc == 5) {
        mount_options = args[4];
    }

    if (fs_type.empty()) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "fs_type argument to %s() can't be empty",
                          name);
    }
    if (partition_type.empty()) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "partition_type argument to %s() can't be empty",
                          name);
    }
    if (location.empty()) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "location argument to %s() can't be empty",
                          name);
    }
    if (mount_point.empty()) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "mount_point argument to %s() can't be empty",
                          name);
    }

    {
        char *secontext = NULL;

        if (sehandle) {
            selabel_lookup(sehandle, &secontext, mount_point.c_str(), 0755);
            setfscreatecon(secontext);
        }

        mkdir(mount_point.c_str(), 0755);

        if (secontext) {
            freecon(secontext);
            setfscreatecon(NULL);
        }
    }

    if (mount(location.c_str(), mount_point.c_str(), fs_type.c_str(),
              MS_NOATIME | MS_NODEV | MS_NODIRATIME, mount_options.c_str()) < 0) {
        uiPrintf(state, "%s: failed to mount %s at %s: %s\n",
                 name, location.c_str(), mount_point.c_str(), strerror(errno));
        return StringValue("");
    }

    return StringValue(mount_point);
}


// is_mounted(mount_point)
Value* IsMountedFn(const char* name, State* state, int argc, Expr* argv[]) {
    if (argc != 1) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() expects 1 arg, got %d", name, argc);
    }

    std::vector<std::string> args;
    if (!ReadArgs(state, argc, argv, &args)) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() Failed to parse the argument(s)", name);
    }
    const std::string& mount_point = args[0];
    if (mount_point.empty()) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure,
                          "mount_point argument to unmount() can't be empty");
    }

    scan_mounted_volumes();
    MountedVolume* vol = find_mounted_volume_by_mount_point(mount_point.c_str());
    if (vol == nullptr) {
        return StringValue("");
    }

    return StringValue(mount_point);
}


Value* UnmountFn(const char* name, State* state, int argc, Expr* argv[]) {
    if (argc != 1) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() expects 1 arg, got %d", name, argc);
    }
    std::vector<std::string> args;
    if (!ReadArgs(state, argc, argv, &args)) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() Failed to parse the argument(s)", name);
    }
    const std::string& mount_point = args[0];
    if (mount_point.empty()) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure,
                          "mount_point argument to unmount() can't be empty");
    }

    scan_mounted_volumes();
    MountedVolume* vol = find_mounted_volume_by_mount_point(mount_point.c_str());
    if (vol == nullptr) {
        uiPrintf(state, "unmount of %s failed; no such volume\n", mount_point.c_str());
        return nullptr;
    } else {
        int ret = unmount_mounted_volume(vol);
        if (ret != 0) {
            uiPrintf(state, "unmount of %s failed (%d): %s\n",
                     mount_point.c_str(), ret, strerror(errno));
        }
    }

    return StringValue(mount_point);
}

static int exec_cmd(const char* path, char* const argv[]) {
    int status;
    pid_t child;
    if ((child = vfork()) == 0) {
        execv(path, argv);
        _exit(-1);
    }
    waitpid(child, &status, 0);
    if (!WIFEXITED(status) || WEXITSTATUS(status) != 0) {
        printf("%s failed with status %d\n", path, WEXITSTATUS(status));
    }
    return WEXITSTATUS(status);
}

// format(fs_type, partition_type, location, fs_size, mount_point)
//
//    fs_type="ext4"   partition_type="EMMC"    location=device    fs_size=<bytes> mount_point=<location>
//    fs_type="f2fs"   partition_type="EMMC"    location=device    fs_size=<bytes> mount_point=<location>
//    if fs_size == 0, then make fs uses the entire partition.
//    if fs_size > 0, that is the size to use
//    if fs_size < 0, then reserve that many bytes at the end of the partition (not for "f2fs")
Value* FormatFn(const char* name, State* state, int argc, Expr* argv[]) {
    if (argc != 5) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() expects 5 args, got %d", name, argc);
    }

    std::vector<std::string> args;
    if (!ReadArgs(state, argc, argv, &args)) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() Failed to parse the argument(s)", name);
    }
    const std::string& fs_type = args[0];
    const std::string& partition_type = args[1];
    const std::string& location = args[2];
    const std::string& fs_size = args[3];
    const std::string& mount_point = args[4];

    if (fs_type.empty()) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "fs_type argument to %s() can't be empty",
                          name);
    }
    if (partition_type.empty()) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure,
                          "partition_type argument to %s() can't be empty", name);
    }
    if (location.empty()) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "location argument to %s() can't be empty",
                          name);
    }
    if (mount_point.empty()) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure,
                          "mount_point argument to %s() can't be empty", name);
    }

    int64_t size;
    if (!android::base::ParseInt(fs_size, &size)) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure,
                          "%s: failed to parse int in %s\n", name, fs_size.c_str());
    }

    if (fs_type == "ext4") {
        int status = make_ext4fs(location.c_str(), size, mount_point.c_str(), sehandle);
        if (status != 0) {
            printf("%s: make_ext4fs failed (%d) on %s", name, status, location.c_str());
            return StringValue("");
        }
        return StringValue(location);
    } else if (fs_type == "f2fs") {
        if (size < 0) {
            printf("%s: fs_size can't be negative for f2fs: %s", name, fs_size.c_str());
            return StringValue("");
        }
        std::string num_sectors = std::to_string(size / 512);

        const char *f2fs_path = "/sbin/mkfs.f2fs";
        const char* const f2fs_argv[] = {"mkfs.f2fs", "-t", "-d1", location.c_str(),
                num_sectors.c_str(), nullptr};
        int status = exec_cmd(f2fs_path, (char* const*)f2fs_argv);
        if (status != 0) {
            printf("%s: mkfs.f2fs failed (%d) on %s", name, status, location.c_str());
            return StringValue("");
        }
        return StringValue(location);
    } else {
        printf("%s: unsupported fs_type \"%s\" partition_type \"%s\"",
                name, fs_type.c_str(), partition_type.c_str());
    }

    return nullptr;
}

// rename(src_name, dst_name)
//   Renames src_name to dst_name. It automatically creates the necessary directories for dst_name.
//   Example: rename("system/app/Hangouts/Hangouts.apk", "system/priv-app/Hangouts/Hangouts.apk")
Value* RenameFn(const char* name, State* state, int argc, Expr* argv[]) {
    if (argc != 2) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() expects 2 args, got %d", name, argc);
    }

    std::vector<std::string> args;
    if (!ReadArgs(state, argc, argv, &args)) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() Failed to parse the argument(s)", name);
    }
    const std::string& src_name = args[0];
    const std::string& dst_name = args[1];

    if (src_name.empty()) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "src_name argument to %s() can't be empty",
                          name);
    }
    if (dst_name.empty()) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "dst_name argument to %s() can't be empty",
                          name);
    }
    if (!make_parents(dst_name)) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kFileRenameFailure, "Creating parent of %s failed, error %s",
                          dst_name.c_str(), strerror(errno));
    } else if (access(dst_name.c_str(), F_OK) == 0 && access(src_name.c_str(), F_OK) != 0) {
        // File was already moved
        return StringValue(dst_name);
    } else if (rename(src_name.c_str(), dst_name.c_str()) != 0) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kFileRenameFailure, "Rename of %s to %s failed, error %s",
                          src_name.c_str(), dst_name.c_str(), strerror(errno));
    }

    return StringValue(dst_name);
}

// delete([filename, ...])
//   Deletes all the filenames listed. Returns the number of files successfully deleted.
//
// delete_recursive([dirname, ...])
//   Recursively deletes dirnames and all their contents. Returns the number of directories
//   successfully deleted.
Value* DeleteFn(const char* name, State* state, int argc, Expr* argv[]) {
    std::vector<std::string> paths(argc);
    for (int i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
        if (!Evaluate(state, argv[i], &paths[i])) {
            return nullptr;
        }
    }

    bool recursive = (strcmp(name, "delete_recursive") == 0);

    int success = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
        if ((recursive ? dirUnlinkHierarchy(paths[i].c_str()) : unlink(paths[i].c_str())) == 0) {
            ++success;
        }
    }

    return StringValue(std::to_string(success));
}


Value* ShowProgressFn(const char* name, State* state, int argc, Expr* argv[]) {
    if (argc != 2) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() expects 2 args, got %d", name, argc);
    }

    std::vector<std::string> args;
    if (!ReadArgs(state, argc, argv, &args)) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() Failed to parse the argument(s)", name);
    }
    const std::string& frac_str = args[0];
    const std::string& sec_str = args[1];

    double frac;
    if (!android::base::ParseDouble(frac_str.c_str(), &frac)) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure,
                          "%s: failed to parse double in %s\n", name, frac_str.c_str());
    }
    int sec;
    if (!android::base::ParseInt(sec_str.c_str(), &sec)) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure,
                          "%s: failed to parse int in %s\n", name, sec_str.c_str());
    }

    UpdaterInfo* ui = (UpdaterInfo*)(state->cookie);
    fprintf(ui->cmd_pipe, "progress %f %d\n", frac, sec);

    return StringValue(frac_str);
}

Value* SetProgressFn(const char* name, State* state, int argc, Expr* argv[]) {
    if (argc != 1) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() expects 1 arg, got %d", name, argc);
    }

    std::vector<std::string> args;
    if (!ReadArgs(state, 1, argv, &args)) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() Failed to parse the argument(s)", name);
    }
    const std::string& frac_str = args[0];

    double frac;
    if (!android::base::ParseDouble(frac_str.c_str(), &frac)) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure,
                          "%s: failed to parse double in %s\n", name, frac_str.c_str());
    }

    UpdaterInfo* ui = (UpdaterInfo*)(state->cookie);
    fprintf(ui->cmd_pipe, "set_progress %f\n", frac);

    return StringValue(frac_str);
}

// package_extract_dir(package_dir, dest_dir)
//   Extracts all files from the package underneath package_dir and writes them to the
//   corresponding tree beneath dest_dir. Any existing files are overwritten.
//   Example: package_extract_dir("system", "/system")
//
//   Note: package_dir needs to be a relative path; dest_dir needs to be an absolute path.
Value* PackageExtractDirFn(const char* name, State* state, int argc, Expr* argv[]) {
  if (argc != 2) {
    return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() expects 2 args, got %d", name, argc);
  }

  std::vector<std::string> args;
  if (!ReadArgs(state, 2, argv, &args)) {
    return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() Failed to parse the argument(s)", name);
  }
  const std::string& zip_path = args[0];
  const std::string& dest_path = args[1];

  ZipArchiveHandle za = static_cast<UpdaterInfo*>(state->cookie)->package_zip;

  // To create a consistent system image, never use the clock for timestamps.
  constexpr struct utimbuf timestamp = { 1217592000, 1217592000 };  // 8/1/2008 default

  bool success = ExtractPackageRecursive(za, zip_path, dest_path, &timestamp, sehandle);

  return StringValue(success ? "t" : "");
}

// package_extract_file(package_file[, dest_file])
//   Extracts a single package_file from the update package and writes it to dest_file,
//   overwriting existing files if necessary. Without the dest_file argument, returns the
//   contents of the package file as a binary blob.
Value* PackageExtractFileFn(const char* name, State* state, int argc, Expr* argv[]) {
  if (argc < 1 || argc > 2) {
    return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() expects 1 or 2 args, got %d", name, argc);
  }

  if (argc == 2) {
    // The two-argument version extracts to a file.

    std::vector<std::string> args;
    if (!ReadArgs(state, 2, argv, &args)) {
      return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() Failed to parse %d args", name, argc);
    }
    const std::string& zip_path = args[0];
    const std::string& dest_path = args[1];

    ZipArchiveHandle za = static_cast<UpdaterInfo*>(state->cookie)->package_zip;
    ZipString zip_string_path(zip_path.c_str());
    ZipEntry entry;
    if (FindEntry(za, zip_string_path, &entry) != 0) {
      printf("%s: no %s in package\n", name, zip_path.c_str());
      return StringValue("");
    }

    unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(
        ota_open(dest_path.c_str(), O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR)));
    if (fd == -1) {
      printf("%s: can't open %s for write: %s\n", name, dest_path.c_str(), strerror(errno));
      return StringValue("");
    }

    bool success = true;
    int32_t ret = ExtractEntryToFile(za, &entry, fd);
    if (ret != 0) {
      printf("%s: Failed to extract entry \"%s\" (%u bytes) to \"%s\": %s\n", name,
             zip_path.c_str(), entry.uncompressed_length, dest_path.c_str(), ErrorCodeString(ret));
      success = false;
    }
    if (ota_fsync(fd) == -1) {
      printf("fsync of \"%s\" failed: %s\n", dest_path.c_str(), strerror(errno));
      success = false;
    }
    if (ota_close(fd) == -1) {
      printf("close of \"%s\" failed: %s\n", dest_path.c_str(), strerror(errno));
      success = false;
    }

    return StringValue(success ? "t" : "");
  } else {
    // The one-argument version returns the contents of the file as the result.

    std::vector<std::string> args;
    if (!ReadArgs(state, 1, argv, &args)) {
      return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() Failed to parse %d args", name, argc);
    }
    const std::string& zip_path = args[0];

    ZipArchiveHandle za = static_cast<UpdaterInfo*>(state->cookie)->package_zip;
    ZipString zip_string_path(zip_path.c_str());
    ZipEntry entry;
    if (FindEntry(za, zip_string_path, &entry) != 0) {
      return ErrorAbort(state, kPackageExtractFileFailure, "%s(): no %s in package", name,
                        zip_path.c_str());
    }

    std::string buffer;
    buffer.resize(entry.uncompressed_length);

    int32_t ret = ExtractToMemory(za, &entry, reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(&buffer[0]), buffer.size());
    if (ret != 0) {
      return ErrorAbort(state, kPackageExtractFileFailure,
                        "%s: Failed to extract entry \"%s\" (%zu bytes) to memory: %s", name,
                        zip_path.c_str(), buffer.size(), ErrorCodeString(ret));
    }

    return new Value(VAL_BLOB, buffer);
  }
}

// symlink(target, [src1, src2, ...])
//   Creates all sources as symlinks to target. It unlinks any previously existing src1, src2, etc
//   before creating symlinks.
Value* SymlinkFn(const char* name, State* state, int argc, Expr* argv[]) {
    if (argc == 0) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() expects 1+ args, got %d", name, argc);
    }
    std::string target;
    if (!Evaluate(state, argv[0], &target)) {
        return nullptr;
    }

    std::vector<std::string> srcs;
    if (!ReadArgs(state, argc-1, argv+1, &srcs)) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s(): Failed to parse the argument(s)",
                          name);
    }

    size_t bad = 0;
    for (const auto& src : srcs) {
        if (unlink(src.c_str()) == -1 && errno != ENOENT) {
            printf("%s: failed to remove %s: %s\n", name, src.c_str(), strerror(errno));
            ++bad;
        } else if (!make_parents(src)) {
            printf("%s: failed to symlink %s to %s: making parents failed\n",
                    name, src.c_str(), target.c_str());
            ++bad;
        } else if (symlink(target.c_str(), src.c_str()) == -1) {
            printf("%s: failed to symlink %s to %s: %s\n",
                    name, src.c_str(), target.c_str(), strerror(errno));
            ++bad;
        }
    }
    if (bad != 0) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kSymlinkFailure, "%s: Failed to create %zu symlink(s)", name, bad);
    }
    return StringValue("t");
}

struct perm_parsed_args {
    bool has_uid;
    uid_t uid;
    bool has_gid;
    gid_t gid;
    bool has_mode;
    mode_t mode;
    bool has_fmode;
    mode_t fmode;
    bool has_dmode;
    mode_t dmode;
    bool has_selabel;
    const char* selabel;
    bool has_capabilities;
    uint64_t capabilities;
};

static struct perm_parsed_args ParsePermArgs(State * state, int argc,
                                             const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
    int i;
    struct perm_parsed_args parsed;
    int bad = 0;
    static int max_warnings = 20;

    memset(&parsed, 0, sizeof(parsed));

    for (i = 1; i < argc; i += 2) {
        if (args[i] == "uid") {
            int64_t uid;
            if (sscanf(args[i+1].c_str(), "%" SCNd64, &uid) == 1) {
                parsed.uid = uid;
                parsed.has_uid = true;
            } else {
                uiPrintf(state, "ParsePermArgs: invalid UID \"%s\"\n", args[i + 1].c_str());
                bad++;
            }
            continue;
        }
        if (args[i] == "gid") {
            int64_t gid;
            if (sscanf(args[i+1].c_str(), "%" SCNd64, &gid) == 1) {
                parsed.gid = gid;
                parsed.has_gid = true;
            } else {
                uiPrintf(state, "ParsePermArgs: invalid GID \"%s\"\n", args[i + 1].c_str());
                bad++;
            }
            continue;
        }
        if (args[i] == "mode") {
            int32_t mode;
            if (sscanf(args[i+1].c_str(), "%" SCNi32, &mode) == 1) {
                parsed.mode = mode;
                parsed.has_mode = true;
            } else {
                uiPrintf(state, "ParsePermArgs: invalid mode \"%s\"\n", args[i + 1].c_str());
                bad++;
            }
            continue;
        }
        if (args[i] == "dmode") {
            int32_t mode;
            if (sscanf(args[i+1].c_str(), "%" SCNi32, &mode) == 1) {
                parsed.dmode = mode;
                parsed.has_dmode = true;
            } else {
                uiPrintf(state, "ParsePermArgs: invalid dmode \"%s\"\n", args[i + 1].c_str());
                bad++;
            }
            continue;
        }
        if (args[i] == "fmode") {
            int32_t mode;
            if (sscanf(args[i+1].c_str(), "%" SCNi32, &mode) == 1) {
                parsed.fmode = mode;
                parsed.has_fmode = true;
            } else {
                uiPrintf(state, "ParsePermArgs: invalid fmode \"%s\"\n", args[i + 1].c_str());
                bad++;
            }
            continue;
        }
        if (args[i] == "capabilities") {
            int64_t capabilities;
            if (sscanf(args[i+1].c_str(), "%" SCNi64, &capabilities) == 1) {
                parsed.capabilities = capabilities;
                parsed.has_capabilities = true;
            } else {
                uiPrintf(state, "ParsePermArgs: invalid capabilities \"%s\"\n", args[i + 1].c_str());
                bad++;
            }
            continue;
        }
        if (args[i] == "selabel") {
            if (!args[i+1].empty()) {
                parsed.selabel = args[i+1].c_str();
                parsed.has_selabel = true;
            } else {
                uiPrintf(state, "ParsePermArgs: invalid selabel \"%s\"\n", args[i + 1].c_str());
                bad++;
            }
            continue;
        }
        if (max_warnings != 0) {
            printf("ParsedPermArgs: unknown key \"%s\", ignoring\n", args[i].c_str());
            max_warnings--;
            if (max_warnings == 0) {
                printf("ParsedPermArgs: suppressing further warnings\n");
            }
        }
    }
    return parsed;
}

static int ApplyParsedPerms(
        State * state,
        const char* filename,
        const struct stat *statptr,
        struct perm_parsed_args parsed)
{
    int bad = 0;

    if (parsed.has_selabel) {
        if (lsetfilecon(filename, parsed.selabel) != 0) {
            uiPrintf(state, "ApplyParsedPerms: lsetfilecon of %s to %s failed: %s\n",
                    filename, parsed.selabel, strerror(errno));
            bad++;
        }
    }

    /* ignore symlinks */
    if (S_ISLNK(statptr->st_mode)) {
        return bad;
    }

    if (parsed.has_uid) {
        if (chown(filename, parsed.uid, -1) < 0) {
            uiPrintf(state, "ApplyParsedPerms: chown of %s to %d failed: %s\n",
                    filename, parsed.uid, strerror(errno));
            bad++;
        }
    }

    if (parsed.has_gid) {
        if (chown(filename, -1, parsed.gid) < 0) {
            uiPrintf(state, "ApplyParsedPerms: chgrp of %s to %d failed: %s\n",
                    filename, parsed.gid, strerror(errno));
            bad++;
        }
    }

    if (parsed.has_mode) {
        if (chmod(filename, parsed.mode) < 0) {
            uiPrintf(state, "ApplyParsedPerms: chmod of %s to %d failed: %s\n",
                    filename, parsed.mode, strerror(errno));
            bad++;
        }
    }

    if (parsed.has_dmode && S_ISDIR(statptr->st_mode)) {
        if (chmod(filename, parsed.dmode) < 0) {
            uiPrintf(state, "ApplyParsedPerms: chmod of %s to %d failed: %s\n",
                    filename, parsed.dmode, strerror(errno));
            bad++;
        }
    }

    if (parsed.has_fmode && S_ISREG(statptr->st_mode)) {
        if (chmod(filename, parsed.fmode) < 0) {
            uiPrintf(state, "ApplyParsedPerms: chmod of %s to %d failed: %s\n",
                   filename, parsed.fmode, strerror(errno));
            bad++;
        }
    }

    if (parsed.has_capabilities && S_ISREG(statptr->st_mode)) {
        if (parsed.capabilities == 0) {
            if ((removexattr(filename, XATTR_NAME_CAPS) == -1) && (errno != ENODATA)) {
                // Report failure unless it's ENODATA (attribute not set)
                uiPrintf(state, "ApplyParsedPerms: removexattr of %s to %" PRIx64 " failed: %s\n",
                       filename, parsed.capabilities, strerror(errno));
                bad++;
            }
        } else {
            struct vfs_cap_data cap_data;
            memset(&cap_data, 0, sizeof(cap_data));
            cap_data.magic_etc = VFS_CAP_REVISION | VFS_CAP_FLAGS_EFFECTIVE;
            cap_data.data[0].permitted = (uint32_t) (parsed.capabilities & 0xffffffff);
            cap_data.data[0].inheritable = 0;
            cap_data.data[1].permitted = (uint32_t) (parsed.capabilities >> 32);
            cap_data.data[1].inheritable = 0;
            if (setxattr(filename, XATTR_NAME_CAPS, &cap_data, sizeof(cap_data), 0) < 0) {
                uiPrintf(state, "ApplyParsedPerms: setcap of %s to %" PRIx64 " failed: %s\n",
                        filename, parsed.capabilities, strerror(errno));
                bad++;
            }
        }
    }

    return bad;
}

// nftw doesn't allow us to pass along context, so we need to use
// global variables.  *sigh*
static struct perm_parsed_args recursive_parsed_args;
static State* recursive_state;

static int do_SetMetadataRecursive(const char* filename, const struct stat *statptr,
        int fileflags, struct FTW *pfwt) {
    return ApplyParsedPerms(recursive_state, filename, statptr, recursive_parsed_args);
}

static Value* SetMetadataFn(const char* name, State* state, int argc, Expr* argv[]) {
    if ((argc % 2) != 1) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure,
                          "%s() expects an odd number of arguments, got %d", name, argc);
    }

    std::vector<std::string> args;
    if (!ReadArgs(state, argc, argv, &args)) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() Failed to parse the argument(s)", name);
    }

    struct stat sb;
    if (lstat(args[0].c_str(), &sb) == -1) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kSetMetadataFailure, "%s: Error on lstat of \"%s\": %s",
                          name, args[0].c_str(), strerror(errno));
    }

    struct perm_parsed_args parsed = ParsePermArgs(state, argc, args);
    int bad = 0;
    bool recursive = (strcmp(name, "set_metadata_recursive") == 0);

    if (recursive) {
        recursive_parsed_args = parsed;
        recursive_state = state;
        bad += nftw(args[0].c_str(), do_SetMetadataRecursive, 30, FTW_CHDIR | FTW_DEPTH | FTW_PHYS);
        memset(&recursive_parsed_args, 0, sizeof(recursive_parsed_args));
        recursive_state = NULL;
    } else {
        bad += ApplyParsedPerms(state, args[0].c_str(), &sb, parsed);
    }

    if (bad > 0) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kSetMetadataFailure, "%s: some changes failed", name);
    }

    return StringValue("");
}

Value* GetPropFn(const char* name, State* state, int argc, Expr* argv[]) {
    if (argc != 1) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() expects 1 arg, got %d", name, argc);
    }
    std::string key;
    if (!Evaluate(state, argv[0], &key)) {
        return nullptr;
    }
    std::string value = android::base::GetProperty(key, "");

    return StringValue(value);
}

// file_getprop(file, key)
//
//   interprets 'file' as a getprop-style file (key=value pairs, one
//   per line. # comment lines, blank lines, lines without '=' ignored),
//   and returns the value for 'key' (or "" if it isn't defined).
Value* FileGetPropFn(const char* name, State* state, int argc, Expr* argv[]) {
  if (argc != 2) {
    return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() expects 2 args, got %d", name, argc);
  }

  std::vector<std::string> args;
  if (!ReadArgs(state, 2, argv, &args)) {
    return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() Failed to parse the argument(s)", name);
  }
  const std::string& filename = args[0];
  const std::string& key = args[1];

  struct stat st;
  if (stat(filename.c_str(), &st) < 0) {
    return ErrorAbort(state, kFileGetPropFailure, "%s: failed to stat \"%s\": %s", name,
                      filename.c_str(), strerror(errno));
  }

  constexpr off_t MAX_FILE_GETPROP_SIZE = 65536;
  if (st.st_size > MAX_FILE_GETPROP_SIZE) {
    return ErrorAbort(state, kFileGetPropFailure, "%s too large for %s (max %lld)",
                      filename.c_str(), name, static_cast<long long>(MAX_FILE_GETPROP_SIZE));
  }

  std::string buffer(st.st_size, '\0');
  unique_file f(ota_fopen(filename.c_str(), "rb"));
  if (f == nullptr) {
    return ErrorAbort(state, kFileOpenFailure, "%s: failed to open %s: %s", name, filename.c_str(),
                      strerror(errno));
  }

  if (ota_fread(&buffer[0], 1, st.st_size, f.get()) != static_cast<size_t>(st.st_size)) {
    ErrorAbort(state, kFreadFailure, "%s: failed to read %zu bytes from %s", name,
               static_cast<size_t>(st.st_size), filename.c_str());
    return nullptr;
  }

  ota_fclose(f);

  std::vector<std::string> lines = android::base::Split(buffer, "\n");
  for (size_t i = 0; i < lines.size(); i++) {
    std::string line = android::base::Trim(lines[i]);

    // comment or blank line: skip to next line
    if (line.empty() || line[0] == '#') {
      continue;
    }
    size_t equal_pos = line.find('=');
    if (equal_pos == std::string::npos) {
      continue;
    }

    // trim whitespace between key and '='
    std::string str = android::base::Trim(line.substr(0, equal_pos));

    // not the key we're looking for
    if (key != str) continue;

    return StringValue(android::base::Trim(line.substr(equal_pos + 1)));
  }

  return StringValue("");
}

// apply_patch_space(bytes)
Value* ApplyPatchSpaceFn(const char* name, State* state,
                         int argc, Expr* argv[]) {
    std::vector<std::string> args;
    if (!ReadArgs(state, 1, argv, &args)) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() Failed to parse the argument(s)", name);
    }
    const std::string& bytes_str = args[0];

    size_t bytes;
    if (!android::base::ParseUint(bytes_str.c_str(), &bytes)) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s(): can't parse \"%s\" as byte count\n\n",
                          name, bytes_str.c_str());
    }

    return StringValue(CacheSizeCheck(bytes) ? "" : "t");
}

// apply_patch(file, size, init_sha1, tgt_sha1, patch)

Value* ApplyPatchFn(const char* name, State* state, int argc, Expr* argv[]) {
    if (argc < 6 || (argc % 2) == 1) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s(): expected at least 6 args and an "
                          "even number, got %d", name, argc);
    }

    std::vector<std::string> args;
    if (!ReadArgs(state, 4, argv, &args)) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() Failed to parse the argument(s)", name);
    }
    const std::string& source_filename = args[0];
    const std::string& target_filename = args[1];
    const std::string& target_sha1 = args[2];
    const std::string& target_size_str = args[3];

    size_t target_size;
    if (!android::base::ParseUint(target_size_str.c_str(), &target_size)) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s(): can't parse \"%s\" as byte count",
                          name, target_size_str.c_str());
    }

    int patchcount = (argc-4) / 2;
    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Value>> arg_values;
    if (!ReadValueArgs(state, argc-4, argv+4, &arg_values)) {
        return nullptr;
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < patchcount; ++i) {
        if (arg_values[i * 2]->type != VAL_STRING) {
            return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s(): sha-1 #%d is not string", name,
                              i * 2);
        }
        if (arg_values[i * 2 + 1]->type != VAL_BLOB) {
            return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s(): patch #%d is not blob", name,
                              i * 2 + 1);
        }
    }

    std::vector<std::string> patch_sha_str;
    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Value>> patches;
    for (int i = 0; i < patchcount; ++i) {
        patch_sha_str.push_back(arg_values[i * 2]->data);
        patches.push_back(std::move(arg_values[i * 2 + 1]));
    }

    int result = applypatch(source_filename.c_str(), target_filename.c_str(),
                            target_sha1.c_str(), target_size,
                            patch_sha_str, patches, nullptr);

    return StringValue(result == 0 ? "t" : "");
}

// apply_patch_check(file, [sha1_1, ...])
Value* ApplyPatchCheckFn(const char* name, State* state,
                         int argc, Expr* argv[]) {
    if (argc < 1) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s(): expected at least 1 arg, got %d",
                          name, argc);
    }

    std::vector<std::string> args;
    if (!ReadArgs(state, 1, argv, &args)) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() Failed to parse the argument(s)", name);
    }
    const std::string& filename = args[0];

    std::vector<std::string> sha1s;
    if (!ReadArgs(state, argc - 1, argv + 1, &sha1s)) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() Failed to parse the argument(s)", name);
    }
    int result = applypatch_check(filename.c_str(), sha1s);

    return StringValue(result == 0 ? "t" : "");
}

// This is the updater side handler for ui_print() in edify script. Contents
// will be sent over to the recovery side for on-screen display.
Value* UIPrintFn(const char* name, State* state, int argc, Expr* argv[]) {
    std::vector<std::string> args;
    if (!ReadArgs(state, argc, argv, &args)) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() Failed to parse the argument(s)", name);
    }

    std::string buffer = android::base::Join(args, "") + "\n";
    uiPrint(state, buffer);
    return StringValue(buffer);
}

Value* WipeCacheFn(const char* name, State* state, int argc, Expr* argv[]) {
    if (argc != 0) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() expects no args, got %d", name, argc);
    }
    fprintf(((UpdaterInfo*)(state->cookie))->cmd_pipe, "wipe_cache\n");
    return StringValue("t");
}

Value* RunProgramFn(const char* name, State* state, int argc, Expr* argv[]) {
    if (argc < 1) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() expects at least 1 arg", name);
    }

    std::vector<std::string> args;
    if (!ReadArgs(state, argc, argv, &args)) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() Failed to parse the argument(s)", name);
    }

    char* args2[argc+1];
    for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
        args2[i] = &args[i][0];
    }
    args2[argc] = nullptr;

    printf("about to run program [%s] with %d args\n", args2[0], argc);

    pid_t child = fork();
    if (child == 0) {
        execv(args2[0], args2);
        printf("run_program: execv failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
        _exit(1);
    }
    int status;
    waitpid(child, &status, 0);
    if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
        if (WEXITSTATUS(status) != 0) {
            printf("run_program: child exited with status %d\n",
                    WEXITSTATUS(status));
        }
    } else if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
        printf("run_program: child terminated by signal %d\n",
                WTERMSIG(status));
    }

    return StringValue(android::base::StringPrintf("%d", status));
}

// sha1_check(data)
//    to return the sha1 of the data (given in the format returned by
//    read_file).
//
// sha1_check(data, sha1_hex, [sha1_hex, ...])
//    returns the sha1 of the file if it matches any of the hex
//    strings passed, or "" if it does not equal any of them.
//
Value* Sha1CheckFn(const char* name, State* state, int argc, Expr* argv[]) {
    if (argc < 1) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() expects at least 1 arg", name);
    }

    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Value>> args;
    if (!ReadValueArgs(state, argc, argv, &args)) {
        return nullptr;
    }

    if (args[0]->type == VAL_INVALID) {
        return StringValue("");
    }
    uint8_t digest[SHA_DIGEST_LENGTH];
    SHA1(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(args[0]->data.c_str()), args[0]->data.size(), digest);

    if (argc == 1) {
        return StringValue(print_sha1(digest));
    }

    for (int i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
        uint8_t arg_digest[SHA_DIGEST_LENGTH];
        if (args[i]->type != VAL_STRING) {
            printf("%s(): arg %d is not a string; skipping", name, i);
        } else if (ParseSha1(args[i]->data.c_str(), arg_digest) != 0) {
            // Warn about bad args and skip them.
            printf("%s(): error parsing \"%s\" as sha-1; skipping", name, args[i]->data.c_str());
        } else if (memcmp(digest, arg_digest, SHA_DIGEST_LENGTH) == 0) {
            // Found a match.
            return args[i].release();
        }
    }

    // Didn't match any of the hex strings; return false.
    return StringValue("");
}

// Read a local file and return its contents (the Value* returned
// is actually a FileContents*).
Value* ReadFileFn(const char* name, State* state, int argc, Expr* argv[]) {
    if (argc != 1) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() expects 1 arg, got %d", name, argc);
    }

    std::vector<std::string> args;
    if (!ReadArgs(state, 1, argv, &args)) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() Failed to parse the argument(s)", name);
    }
    const std::string& filename = args[0];

    Value* v = new Value(VAL_INVALID, "");

    FileContents fc;
    if (LoadFileContents(filename.c_str(), &fc) == 0) {
        v->type = VAL_BLOB;
        v->data = std::string(fc.data.begin(), fc.data.end());
    }
    return v;
}

// write_value(value, filename)
//   Writes 'value' to 'filename'.
//   Example: write_value("960000", "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq")
Value* WriteValueFn(const char* name, State* state, int argc, Expr* argv[]) {
  if (argc != 2) {
    return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() expects 2 args, got %d", name, argc);
  }

  std::vector<std::string> args;
  if (!ReadArgs(state, 2, argv, &args)) {
    return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s(): Failed to parse the argument(s)", name);
  }

  const std::string& filename = args[1];
  if (filename.empty()) {
    return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s(): Filename cannot be empty", name);
  }

  const std::string& value = args[0];
  if (!android::base::WriteStringToFile(value, filename)) {
    printf("%s: Failed to write to \"%s\": %s\n", name, filename.c_str(), strerror(errno));
    return StringValue("");
  } else {
    return StringValue("t");
  }
}

// Immediately reboot the device.  Recovery is not finished normally,
// so if you reboot into recovery it will re-start applying the
// current package (because nothing has cleared the copy of the
// arguments stored in the BCB).
//
// The argument is the partition name passed to the android reboot
// property.  It can be "recovery" to boot from the recovery
// partition, or "" (empty string) to boot from the regular boot
// partition.
Value* RebootNowFn(const char* name, State* state, int argc, Expr* argv[]) {
  if (argc != 2) {
    return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() expects 2 args, got %d", name, argc);
  }

  std::vector<std::string> args;
  if (!ReadArgs(state, 2, argv, &args)) {
    return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s(): Failed to parse the argument(s)", name);
  }
  const std::string& filename = args[0];
  const std::string& property = args[1];

  // Zero out the 'command' field of the bootloader message. Leave the rest intact.
  bootloader_message boot;
  std::string err;
  if (!read_bootloader_message_from(&boot, filename, &err)) {
    printf("%s(): Failed to read from \"%s\": %s", name, filename.c_str(), err.c_str());
    return StringValue("");
  }
  memset(boot.command, 0, sizeof(boot.command));
  if (!write_bootloader_message_to(boot, filename, &err)) {
    printf("%s(): Failed to write to \"%s\": %s", name, filename.c_str(), err.c_str());
    return StringValue("");
  }

  const std::string reboot_cmd = "reboot," + property;
  android::base::SetProperty(ANDROID_RB_PROPERTY, reboot_cmd);

  sleep(5);
  return ErrorAbort(state, kRebootFailure, "%s() failed to reboot", name);
}

// Store a string value somewhere that future invocations of recovery
// can access it.  This value is called the "stage" and can be used to
// drive packages that need to do reboots in the middle of
// installation and keep track of where they are in the multi-stage
// install.
//
// The first argument is the block device for the misc partition
// ("/misc" in the fstab), which is where this value is stored.  The
// second argument is the string to store; it should not exceed 31
// bytes.
Value* SetStageFn(const char* name, State* state, int argc, Expr* argv[]) {
  if (argc != 2) {
    return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() expects 2 args, got %d", name, argc);
  }

  std::vector<std::string> args;
  if (!ReadArgs(state, 2, argv, &args)) {
    return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() Failed to parse the argument(s)", name);
  }
  const std::string& filename = args[0];
  const std::string& stagestr = args[1];

  // Store this value in the misc partition, immediately after the
  // bootloader message that the main recovery uses to save its
  // arguments in case of the device restarting midway through
  // package installation.
  bootloader_message boot;
  std::string err;
  if (!read_bootloader_message_from(&boot, filename, &err)) {
    printf("%s(): Failed to read from \"%s\": %s", name, filename.c_str(), err.c_str());
    return StringValue("");
  }
  strlcpy(boot.stage, stagestr.c_str(), sizeof(boot.stage));
  if (!write_bootloader_message_to(boot, filename, &err)) {
    printf("%s(): Failed to write to \"%s\": %s", name, filename.c_str(), err.c_str());
    return StringValue("");
  }

  return StringValue(filename);
}

// Return the value most recently saved with SetStageFn.  The argument
// is the block device for the misc partition.
Value* GetStageFn(const char* name, State* state, int argc, Expr* argv[]) {
  if (argc != 1) {
    return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() expects 1 arg, got %d", name, argc);
  }

  std::vector<std::string> args;
  if (!ReadArgs(state, 1, argv, &args)) {
    return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() Failed to parse the argument(s)", name);
  }
  const std::string& filename = args[0];

  bootloader_message boot;
  std::string err;
  if (!read_bootloader_message_from(&boot, filename, &err)) {
    printf("%s(): Failed to read from \"%s\": %s", name, filename.c_str(), err.c_str());
    return StringValue("");
  }

  return StringValue(boot.stage);
}

Value* WipeBlockDeviceFn(const char* name, State* state, int argc, Expr* argv[]) {
  if (argc != 2) {
    return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() expects 2 args, got %d", name, argc);
  }

  std::vector<std::string> args;
  if (!ReadArgs(state, 2, argv, &args)) {
    return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() Failed to parse the argument(s)", name);
  }
  const std::string& filename = args[0];
  const std::string& len_str = args[1];

  size_t len;
  if (!android::base::ParseUint(len_str.c_str(), &len)) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  unique_fd fd(ota_open(filename.c_str(), O_WRONLY, 0644));
  // The wipe_block_device function in ext4_utils returns 0 on success and 1
  // for failure.
  int status = wipe_block_device(fd, len);
  return StringValue((status == 0) ? "t" : "");
}

Value* EnableRebootFn(const char* name, State* state, int argc, Expr* argv[]) {
    if (argc != 0) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() expects no args, got %d", name, argc);
    }
    UpdaterInfo* ui = (UpdaterInfo*)(state->cookie);
    fprintf(ui->cmd_pipe, "enable_reboot\n");
    return StringValue("t");
}

Value* Tune2FsFn(const char* name, State* state, int argc, Expr* argv[]) {
    if (argc == 0) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() expects args, got %d", name, argc);
    }

    std::vector<std::string> args;
    if (!ReadArgs(state, argc, argv, &args)) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kArgsParsingFailure, "%s() could not read args", name);
    }

    char* args2[argc+1];
    // Tune2fs expects the program name as its args[0]
    args2[0] = const_cast<char*>(name);
    if (args2[0] == nullptr) {
        return nullptr;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
       args2[i + 1] = &args[i][0];
    }

    // tune2fs changes the file system parameters on an ext2 file system; it
    // returns 0 on success.
    int result = tune2fs_main(argc + 1, args2);

    if (result != 0) {
        return ErrorAbort(state, kTune2FsFailure, "%s() returned error code %d", name, result);
    }
    return StringValue("t");
}

void RegisterInstallFunctions() {
    RegisterFunction("mount", MountFn);
    RegisterFunction("is_mounted", IsMountedFn);
    RegisterFunction("unmount", UnmountFn);
    RegisterFunction("format", FormatFn);
    RegisterFunction("show_progress", ShowProgressFn);
    RegisterFunction("set_progress", SetProgressFn);
    RegisterFunction("delete", DeleteFn);
    RegisterFunction("delete_recursive", DeleteFn);
    RegisterFunction("package_extract_dir", PackageExtractDirFn);
    RegisterFunction("package_extract_file", PackageExtractFileFn);
    RegisterFunction("symlink", SymlinkFn);

    // Usage:
    //   set_metadata("filename", "key1", "value1", "key2", "value2", ...)
    // Example:
    //   set_metadata("/system/bin/netcfg", "uid", 0, "gid", 3003, "mode", 02750, "selabel", "u:object_r:system_file:s0", "capabilities", 0x0);
    RegisterFunction("set_metadata", SetMetadataFn);

    // Usage:
    //   set_metadata_recursive("dirname", "key1", "value1", "key2", "value2", ...)
    // Example:
    //   set_metadata_recursive("/system", "uid", 0, "gid", 0, "fmode", 0644, "dmode", 0755, "selabel", "u:object_r:system_file:s0", "capabilities", 0x0);
    RegisterFunction("set_metadata_recursive", SetMetadataFn);

    RegisterFunction("getprop", GetPropFn);
    RegisterFunction("file_getprop", FileGetPropFn);

    RegisterFunction("apply_patch", ApplyPatchFn);
    RegisterFunction("apply_patch_check", ApplyPatchCheckFn);
    RegisterFunction("apply_patch_space", ApplyPatchSpaceFn);

    RegisterFunction("wipe_block_device", WipeBlockDeviceFn);

    RegisterFunction("read_file", ReadFileFn);
    RegisterFunction("sha1_check", Sha1CheckFn);
    RegisterFunction("rename", RenameFn);
    RegisterFunction("write_value", WriteValueFn);

    RegisterFunction("wipe_cache", WipeCacheFn);

    RegisterFunction("ui_print", UIPrintFn);

    RegisterFunction("run_program", RunProgramFn);

    RegisterFunction("reboot_now", RebootNowFn);
    RegisterFunction("get_stage", GetStageFn);
    RegisterFunction("set_stage", SetStageFn);

    RegisterFunction("enable_reboot", EnableRebootFn);
    RegisterFunction("tune2fs", Tune2FsFn);
}