[S390] noexec protection
This provides a noexec protection on s390 hardware. Our hardware does
not have any bits left in the pte for a hw noexec bit, so this is a
different approach using shadow page tables and a special addressing
mode that allows separate address spaces for code and data.
As a special feature of our "secondary-space" addressing mode, separate
page tables can be specified for the translation of data addresses
(storage operands) and instruction addresses. The shadow page table is
used for the instruction addresses and the standard page table for the
data addresses.
The shadow page table is linked to the standard page table by a pointer
in page->lru.next of the struct page corresponding to the page that
contains the standard page table (since page->private is not really
private with the pte_lock and the page table pages are not in the LRU
list).
Depending on the software bits of a pte, it is either inserted into
both page tables or just into the standard (data) page table. Pages of
a vma that does not have the VM_EXEC bit set get mapped only in the
data address space. Any try to execute code on such a page will cause a
page translation exception. The standard reaction to this is a SIGSEGV
with two exceptions: the two system call opcodes 0x0a77 (sys_sigreturn)
and 0x0aad (sys_rt_sigreturn) are allowed. They are stored by the
kernel to the signal stack frame. Unfortunately, the signal return
mechanism cannot be modified to use an SA_RESTORER because the
exception unwinding code depends on the system call opcode stored
behind the signal stack frame.
This feature requires that user space is executed in secondary-space
mode and the kernel in home-space mode, which means that the addressing
modes need to be switched and that the noexec protection only works
for user space.
After switching the addressing modes, we cannot use the mvcp/mvcs
instructions anymore to copy between kernel and user space. A new
mvcos instruction has been added to the z9 EC/BC hardware which allows
to copy between arbitrary address spaces, but on older hardware the
page tables need to be walked manually.
Signed-off-by: Gerald Schaefer <geraldsc@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/compat_linux.c b/arch/s390/kernel/compat_linux.c
index cf84d69..666bb6d 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/compat_linux.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/compat_linux.c
@@ -69,6 +69,12 @@
#include "compat_linux.h"
+long psw_user32_bits = (PSW_BASE32_BITS | PSW_MASK_DAT | PSW_ASC_HOME |
+ PSW_MASK_IO | PSW_MASK_EXT | PSW_MASK_MCHECK |
+ PSW_MASK_PSTATE | PSW_DEFAULT_KEY);
+long psw32_user_bits = (PSW32_BASE_BITS | PSW32_MASK_DAT | PSW32_ASC_HOME |
+ PSW32_MASK_IO | PSW32_MASK_EXT | PSW32_MASK_MCHECK |
+ PSW32_MASK_PSTATE);
/* For this source file, we want overflow handling. */
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/compat_linux.h b/arch/s390/kernel/compat_linux.h
index 1a18e29..e89f8c0 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/compat_linux.h
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/compat_linux.h
@@ -115,37 +115,6 @@
__u32 addr;
} _psw_t32 __attribute__ ((aligned(8)));
-#define PSW32_MASK_PER 0x40000000UL
-#define PSW32_MASK_DAT 0x04000000UL
-#define PSW32_MASK_IO 0x02000000UL
-#define PSW32_MASK_EXT 0x01000000UL
-#define PSW32_MASK_KEY 0x00F00000UL
-#define PSW32_MASK_MCHECK 0x00040000UL
-#define PSW32_MASK_WAIT 0x00020000UL
-#define PSW32_MASK_PSTATE 0x00010000UL
-#define PSW32_MASK_ASC 0x0000C000UL
-#define PSW32_MASK_CC 0x00003000UL
-#define PSW32_MASK_PM 0x00000f00UL
-
-#define PSW32_ADDR_AMODE31 0x80000000UL
-#define PSW32_ADDR_INSN 0x7FFFFFFFUL
-
-#define PSW32_BASE_BITS 0x00080000UL
-
-#define PSW32_ASC_PRIMARY 0x00000000UL
-#define PSW32_ASC_ACCREG 0x00004000UL
-#define PSW32_ASC_SECONDARY 0x00008000UL
-#define PSW32_ASC_HOME 0x0000C000UL
-
-#define PSW32_USER_BITS (PSW32_BASE_BITS | PSW32_MASK_DAT | PSW32_ASC_HOME | \
- PSW32_MASK_IO | PSW32_MASK_EXT | PSW32_MASK_MCHECK | \
- PSW32_MASK_PSTATE)
-
-#define PSW32_MASK_MERGE(CURRENT,NEW) \
- (((CURRENT) & ~(PSW32_MASK_CC|PSW32_MASK_PM)) | \
- ((NEW) & (PSW32_MASK_CC|PSW32_MASK_PM)))
-
-
typedef struct
{
_psw_t32 psw;
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/compat_signal.c b/arch/s390/kernel/compat_signal.c
index 8d17b2a..887a9881 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/compat_signal.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/compat_signal.c
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@
_s390_regs_common32 regs32;
int err, i;
- regs32.psw.mask = PSW32_MASK_MERGE(PSW32_USER_BITS,
+ regs32.psw.mask = PSW32_MASK_MERGE(psw32_user_bits,
(__u32)(regs->psw.mask >> 32));
regs32.psw.addr = PSW32_ADDR_AMODE31 | (__u32) regs->psw.addr;
for (i = 0; i < NUM_GPRS; i++)
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/ipl.c b/arch/s390/kernel/ipl.c
index 9e9972e..2c91226 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/ipl.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/ipl.c
@@ -1016,12 +1016,12 @@
__ctl_clear_bit(0,28);
/* Set new machine check handler */
- S390_lowcore.mcck_new_psw.mask = PSW_KERNEL_BITS & ~PSW_MASK_MCHECK;
+ S390_lowcore.mcck_new_psw.mask = psw_kernel_bits & ~PSW_MASK_MCHECK;
S390_lowcore.mcck_new_psw.addr =
PSW_ADDR_AMODE | (unsigned long) &reset_mcck_handler;
/* Set new program check handler */
- S390_lowcore.program_new_psw.mask = PSW_KERNEL_BITS & ~PSW_MASK_MCHECK;
+ S390_lowcore.program_new_psw.mask = psw_kernel_bits & ~PSW_MASK_MCHECK;
S390_lowcore.program_new_psw.addr =
PSW_ADDR_AMODE | (unsigned long) &reset_pgm_handler;
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/process.c b/arch/s390/kernel/process.c
index 6603fbb..5acfac6 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/process.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/process.c
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@
trace_hardirqs_on();
/* Wait for external, I/O or machine check interrupt. */
- __load_psw_mask(PSW_KERNEL_BITS | PSW_MASK_WAIT |
+ __load_psw_mask(psw_kernel_bits | PSW_MASK_WAIT |
PSW_MASK_IO | PSW_MASK_EXT);
}
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@
struct pt_regs regs;
memset(®s, 0, sizeof(regs));
- regs.psw.mask = PSW_KERNEL_BITS | PSW_MASK_IO | PSW_MASK_EXT;
+ regs.psw.mask = psw_kernel_bits | PSW_MASK_IO | PSW_MASK_EXT;
regs.psw.addr = (unsigned long) kernel_thread_starter | PSW_ADDR_AMODE;
regs.gprs[9] = (unsigned long) fn;
regs.gprs[10] = (unsigned long) arg;
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/ptrace.c b/arch/s390/kernel/ptrace.c
index 29fde70..2a8f087 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/ptrace.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/ptrace.c
@@ -230,9 +230,9 @@
*/
if (addr == (addr_t) &dummy->regs.psw.mask &&
#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
- data != PSW_MASK_MERGE(PSW_USER32_BITS, data) &&
+ data != PSW_MASK_MERGE(psw_user32_bits, data) &&
#endif
- data != PSW_MASK_MERGE(PSW_USER_BITS, data))
+ data != PSW_MASK_MERGE(psw_user_bits, data))
/* Invalid psw mask. */
return -EINVAL;
#ifndef CONFIG_64BIT
@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@
if (addr == (addr_t) &dummy32->regs.psw.mask) {
/* Fake a 31 bit psw mask. */
tmp = (__u32)(task_pt_regs(child)->psw.mask >> 32);
- tmp = PSW32_MASK_MERGE(PSW32_USER_BITS, tmp);
+ tmp = PSW32_MASK_MERGE(psw32_user_bits, tmp);
} else if (addr == (addr_t) &dummy32->regs.psw.addr) {
/* Fake a 31 bit psw address. */
tmp = (__u32) task_pt_regs(child)->psw.addr |
@@ -468,11 +468,11 @@
*/
if (addr == (addr_t) &dummy32->regs.psw.mask) {
/* Build a 64 bit psw mask from 31 bit mask. */
- if (tmp != PSW32_MASK_MERGE(PSW32_USER_BITS, tmp))
+ if (tmp != PSW32_MASK_MERGE(psw32_user_bits, tmp))
/* Invalid psw mask. */
return -EINVAL;
task_pt_regs(child)->psw.mask =
- PSW_MASK_MERGE(PSW_USER32_BITS, (__u64) tmp << 32);
+ PSW_MASK_MERGE(psw_user32_bits, (__u64) tmp << 32);
} else if (addr == (addr_t) &dummy32->regs.psw.addr) {
/* Build a 64 bit psw address from 31 bit address. */
task_pt_regs(child)->psw.addr =
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/setup.c b/arch/s390/kernel/setup.c
index 25bf727..b1b9a93 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/setup.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/setup.c
@@ -50,6 +50,13 @@
#include <asm/page.h>
#include <asm/ptrace.h>
#include <asm/sections.h>
+#include <asm/compat.h>
+
+long psw_kernel_bits = (PSW_BASE_BITS | PSW_MASK_DAT | PSW_ASC_PRIMARY |
+ PSW_MASK_MCHECK | PSW_DEFAULT_KEY);
+long psw_user_bits = (PSW_BASE_BITS | PSW_MASK_DAT | PSW_ASC_HOME |
+ PSW_MASK_IO | PSW_MASK_EXT | PSW_MASK_MCHECK |
+ PSW_MASK_PSTATE | PSW_DEFAULT_KEY);
/*
* User copy operations.
@@ -383,6 +390,84 @@
}
early_param("ipldelay", early_parse_ipldelay);
+#ifdef CONFIG_S390_SWITCH_AMODE
+unsigned int switch_amode = 0;
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(switch_amode);
+
+static inline void set_amode_and_uaccess(unsigned long user_amode,
+ unsigned long user32_amode)
+{
+ psw_user_bits = PSW_BASE_BITS | PSW_MASK_DAT | user_amode |
+ PSW_MASK_IO | PSW_MASK_EXT | PSW_MASK_MCHECK |
+ PSW_MASK_PSTATE | PSW_DEFAULT_KEY;
+#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
+ psw_user32_bits = PSW_BASE32_BITS | PSW_MASK_DAT | user_amode |
+ PSW_MASK_IO | PSW_MASK_EXT | PSW_MASK_MCHECK |
+ PSW_MASK_PSTATE | PSW_DEFAULT_KEY;
+ psw32_user_bits = PSW32_BASE_BITS | PSW32_MASK_DAT | user32_amode |
+ PSW32_MASK_IO | PSW32_MASK_EXT | PSW32_MASK_MCHECK |
+ PSW32_MASK_PSTATE;
+#endif
+ psw_kernel_bits = PSW_BASE_BITS | PSW_MASK_DAT | PSW_ASC_HOME |
+ PSW_MASK_MCHECK | PSW_DEFAULT_KEY;
+
+ if (MACHINE_HAS_MVCOS) {
+ printk("mvcos available.\n");
+ memcpy(&uaccess, &uaccess_mvcos_switch, sizeof(uaccess));
+ } else {
+ printk("mvcos not available.\n");
+ memcpy(&uaccess, &uaccess_pt, sizeof(uaccess));
+ }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Switch kernel/user addressing modes?
+ */
+static int __init early_parse_switch_amode(char *p)
+{
+ switch_amode = 1;
+ return 0;
+}
+early_param("switch_amode", early_parse_switch_amode);
+
+#else /* CONFIG_S390_SWITCH_AMODE */
+static inline void set_amode_and_uaccess(unsigned long user_amode,
+ unsigned long user32_amode)
+{
+}
+#endif /* CONFIG_S390_SWITCH_AMODE */
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_S390_EXEC_PROTECT
+unsigned int s390_noexec = 0;
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(s390_noexec);
+
+/*
+ * Enable execute protection?
+ */
+static int __init early_parse_noexec(char *p)
+{
+ if (!strncmp(p, "off", 3))
+ return 0;
+ switch_amode = 1;
+ s390_noexec = 1;
+ return 0;
+}
+early_param("noexec", early_parse_noexec);
+#endif /* CONFIG_S390_EXEC_PROTECT */
+
+static void setup_addressing_mode(void)
+{
+ if (s390_noexec) {
+ printk("S390 execute protection active, ");
+ set_amode_and_uaccess(PSW_ASC_SECONDARY, PSW32_ASC_SECONDARY);
+ return;
+ }
+ if (switch_amode) {
+ printk("S390 address spaces switched, ");
+ set_amode_and_uaccess(PSW_ASC_PRIMARY, PSW32_ASC_PRIMARY);
+ }
+}
+
static void __init
setup_lowcore(void)
{
@@ -399,19 +484,21 @@
lc->restart_psw.mask = PSW_BASE_BITS | PSW_DEFAULT_KEY;
lc->restart_psw.addr =
PSW_ADDR_AMODE | (unsigned long) restart_int_handler;
- lc->external_new_psw.mask = PSW_KERNEL_BITS;
+ if (switch_amode)
+ lc->restart_psw.mask |= PSW_ASC_HOME;
+ lc->external_new_psw.mask = psw_kernel_bits;
lc->external_new_psw.addr =
PSW_ADDR_AMODE | (unsigned long) ext_int_handler;
- lc->svc_new_psw.mask = PSW_KERNEL_BITS | PSW_MASK_IO | PSW_MASK_EXT;
+ lc->svc_new_psw.mask = psw_kernel_bits | PSW_MASK_IO | PSW_MASK_EXT;
lc->svc_new_psw.addr = PSW_ADDR_AMODE | (unsigned long) system_call;
- lc->program_new_psw.mask = PSW_KERNEL_BITS;
+ lc->program_new_psw.mask = psw_kernel_bits;
lc->program_new_psw.addr =
PSW_ADDR_AMODE | (unsigned long)pgm_check_handler;
lc->mcck_new_psw.mask =
- PSW_KERNEL_BITS & ~PSW_MASK_MCHECK & ~PSW_MASK_DAT;
+ psw_kernel_bits & ~PSW_MASK_MCHECK & ~PSW_MASK_DAT;
lc->mcck_new_psw.addr =
PSW_ADDR_AMODE | (unsigned long) mcck_int_handler;
- lc->io_new_psw.mask = PSW_KERNEL_BITS;
+ lc->io_new_psw.mask = psw_kernel_bits;
lc->io_new_psw.addr = PSW_ADDR_AMODE | (unsigned long) io_int_handler;
lc->ipl_device = S390_lowcore.ipl_device;
lc->jiffy_timer = -1LL;
@@ -645,6 +732,7 @@
parse_early_param();
setup_memory_end();
+ setup_addressing_mode();
setup_memory();
setup_resources();
setup_lowcore();
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/signal.c b/arch/s390/kernel/signal.c
index 4c8a795..554f9cf 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/signal.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/signal.c
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@
/* Copy a 'clean' PSW mask to the user to avoid leaking
information about whether PER is currently on. */
- user_sregs.regs.psw.mask = PSW_MASK_MERGE(PSW_USER_BITS, regs->psw.mask);
+ user_sregs.regs.psw.mask = PSW_MASK_MERGE(psw_user_bits, regs->psw.mask);
user_sregs.regs.psw.addr = regs->psw.addr;
memcpy(&user_sregs.regs.gprs, ®s->gprs, sizeof(sregs->regs.gprs));
memcpy(&user_sregs.regs.acrs, current->thread.acrs,
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/smp.c b/arch/s390/kernel/smp.c
index 3cb7e10..cb155d9 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/smp.c
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/smp.c
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@
void smp_send_stop(void)
{
/* Disable all interrupts/machine checks */
- __load_psw_mask(PSW_KERNEL_BITS & ~PSW_MASK_MCHECK);
+ __load_psw_mask(psw_kernel_bits & ~PSW_MASK_MCHECK);
/* write magic number to zero page (absolute 0) */
lowcore_ptr[smp_processor_id()]->panic_magic = __PANIC_MAGIC;