diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile b/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
index fd0a789..5f70044 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #
 # Makefile for the linux kernel.
 #
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/acpi/Makefile b/arch/x86/kernel/acpi/Makefile
index 85a9e17..f1bb57b 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/acpi/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/acpi/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 OBJECT_FILES_NON_STANDARD_wakeup_$(BITS).o := y
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_ACPI)		+= boot.o
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/acpi/sleep.c b/arch/x86/kernel/acpi/sleep.c
index ed01481..7188aea 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/acpi/sleep.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/acpi/sleep.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * sleep.c - x86-specific ACPI sleep support.
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/acpi/sleep.h b/arch/x86/kernel/acpi/sleep.h
index 65c7b60..fbb60ca 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/acpi/sleep.h
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/acpi/sleep.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  *	Variables and functions used by the code in sleep.c
  */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/aperture_64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/aperture_64.c
index ef2859f..f5d92bc 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/aperture_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/aperture_64.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Firmware replacement code.
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/Makefile b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/Makefile
index 8e63ebd..2fb7309 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #
 # Makefile for local APIC drivers and for the IO-APIC code
 #
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic_noop.c b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic_noop.c
index 6599f43..c8d2112 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic_noop.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic_noop.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * NOOP APIC driver.
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/bigsmp_32.c b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/bigsmp_32.c
index 456e45e..e12fbcf 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/bigsmp_32.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/bigsmp_32.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * APIC driver for "bigsmp" xAPIC machines with more than 8 virtual CPUs.
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/hw_nmi.c b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/hw_nmi.c
index d6f3877..d1fc62a 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/hw_nmi.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/hw_nmi.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  HW NMI watchdog support
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/io_apic.c b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/io_apic.c
index 70e48aa..3b89b27 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/io_apic.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/io_apic.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *	Intel IO-APIC support for multi-Pentium hosts.
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/ipi.c b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/ipi.c
index 3a205d4..82f9244 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/ipi.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/ipi.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/cpumask.h>
 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/x2apic_cluster.c b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/x2apic_cluster.c
index 481237c..e216cf3 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/x2apic_cluster.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/x2apic_cluster.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/threads.h>
 #include <linux/cpumask.h>
 #include <linux/string.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/x2apic_phys.c b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/x2apic_phys.c
index 3baf0c3..b94d3532 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/x2apic_phys.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/x2apic_phys.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/threads.h>
 #include <linux/cpumask.h>
 #include <linux/string.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/asm-offsets.c b/arch/x86/kernel/asm-offsets.c
index de827d6..8ea7827 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/asm-offsets.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/asm-offsets.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Generate definitions needed by assembly language modules.
  * This code generates raw asm output which is post-processed to extract
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/asm-offsets_32.c b/arch/x86/kernel/asm-offsets_32.c
index 710edab..dedf428 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/asm-offsets_32.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/asm-offsets_32.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #ifndef __LINUX_KBUILD_H
 # error "Please do not build this file directly, build asm-offsets.c instead"
 #endif
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/asm-offsets_64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/asm-offsets_64.c
index cf42206..630212f 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/asm-offsets_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/asm-offsets_64.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #ifndef __LINUX_KBUILD_H
 # error "Please do not build this file directly, build asm-offsets.c instead"
 #endif
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/audit_64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/audit_64.c
index f367250..e1efe44 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/audit_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/audit_64.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/audit.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/bootflag.c b/arch/x86/kernel/bootflag.c
index 52c8e3c..3fed7ae 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/bootflag.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/bootflag.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *	Implement 'Simple Boot Flag Specification 2.0'
  */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/check.c b/arch/x86/kernel/check.c
index 145863d..3339942 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/check.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/check.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/kthread.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/Makefile b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/Makefile
index e17942c..c60922a 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #
 # Makefile for x86-compatible CPU details, features and quirks
 #
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
index 0af86d9..ba0b242 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  Copyright (C) 1994  Linus Torvalds
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/centaur.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/centaur.c
index 44207b7..68bc6d9 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/centaur.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/centaur.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/sched/clock.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cpu.h b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cpu.h
index 2584265..f52a370 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cpu.h
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cpu.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef ARCH_X86_CPU_H
 #define ARCH_X86_CPU_H
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cyrix.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cyrix.c
index 6f07744..6b4bb33 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cyrix.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cyrix.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/bitops.h>
 #include <linux/delay.h>
 #include <linux/pci.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel.c
index dfa90a3..b720dac 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 
 #include <linux/string.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_cacheinfo.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_cacheinfo.c
index 9990a71..54d04d5 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_cacheinfo.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_cacheinfo.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *	Routines to identify caches on Intel CPU.
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_rdt.h b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_rdt.h
index ebaddae..a43a72d 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_rdt.h
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_rdt.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASM_X86_INTEL_RDT_H
 #define _ASM_X86_INTEL_RDT_H
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/match.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/match.c
index e42117d..3fed388 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/match.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/match.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <asm/cpu_device_id.h>
 #include <asm/cpufeature.h>
 #include <linux/cpu.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/Makefile b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/Makefile
index 43051f0..bcc7c54 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 obj-y				=  mce.o mce-severity.o mce-genpool.o
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_X86_ANCIENT_MCE)	+= winchip.o p5.o
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/mce-internal.h b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/mce-internal.h
index debb974..aa0d5df 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/mce-internal.h
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/mce-internal.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __X86_MCE_INTERNAL_H__
 #define __X86_MCE_INTERNAL_H__
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/mce_intel.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/mce_intel.c
index e84db79..d05be30 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/mce_intel.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/mce_intel.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Intel specific MCE features.
  * Copyright 2004 Zwane Mwaikambo <zwane@linuxpower.ca>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/p5.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/p5.c
index 2a0717b..5cddf83 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/p5.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/p5.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * P5 specific Machine Check Exception Reporting
  * (C) Copyright 2002 Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/threshold.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/threshold.c
index 5e7249e..2b584b3 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/threshold.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/threshold.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Common corrected MCE threshold handler code:
  */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/winchip.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/winchip.c
index c6a722e..3b45b27 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/winchip.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/winchip.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * IDT Winchip specific Machine Check Exception Reporting
  * (C) Copyright 2002 Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mkcapflags.sh b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mkcapflags.sh
index 6988c74..d0dfb89 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mkcapflags.sh
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mkcapflags.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #!/bin/sh
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #
 # Generate the x86_cap/bug_flags[] arrays from include/asm/cpufeatures.h
 #
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/amd.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/amd.c
index 92ba9cd..a65a027 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/amd.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/amd.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/mm.h>
 #include <asm/mtrr.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/centaur.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/centaur.c
index 3d68993..f271778 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/centaur.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/centaur.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/mm.h>
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/cyrix.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/cyrix.c
index b1086f7..4296c702 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/cyrix.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/cyrix.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/io.h>
 #include <linux/mm.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/if.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/if.c
index 6d9b455..558444b 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/if.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/if.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/capability.h>
 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/mtrr.h b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/mtrr.h
index ad8bd76..2ac99e5 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/mtrr.h
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/mtrr.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * local MTRR defines.
  */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perfctr-watchdog.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perfctr-watchdog.c
index 181eabe..d389083 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perfctr-watchdog.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perfctr-watchdog.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * local apic based NMI watchdog for various CPUs.
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/powerflags.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/powerflags.c
index 1dd8294..fd6ec2a 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/powerflags.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/powerflags.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Strings for the various x86 power flags
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/proc.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/proc.c
index 218f798..5455f3b 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/proc.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/proc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/smp.h>
 #include <linux/timex.h>
 #include <linux/string.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/topology.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/topology.c
index cd53135..b099024 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/topology.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/topology.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Check for extended topology enumeration cpuid leaf 0xb and if it
  * exists, use it for populating initial_apicid and cpu topology
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/transmeta.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/transmeta.c
index d77d07a..42c9398 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/transmeta.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/transmeta.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/sched/clock.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/umc.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/umc.c
index ef9c2a0..65a58a3 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/umc.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/umc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <asm/processor.h>
 #include "cpu.h"
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/crash_dump_32.c b/arch/x86/kernel/crash_dump_32.c
index 538fede..33ee476 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/crash_dump_32.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/crash_dump_32.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *	Memory preserving reboot related code.
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/crash_dump_64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/crash_dump_64.c
index afa64ad..4f2e077 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/crash_dump_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/crash_dump_64.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *	Memory preserving reboot related code.
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/devicetree.c b/arch/x86/kernel/devicetree.c
index cbf1f6b..76e0769 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/devicetree.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/devicetree.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Architecture specific OF callbacks.
  */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/doublefault.c b/arch/x86/kernel/doublefault.c
index f9c324e..0e662c5 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/doublefault.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/doublefault.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/mm.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/sched/debug.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/dumpstack_32.c b/arch/x86/kernel/dumpstack_32.c
index 4f04814..daefae8 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/dumpstack_32.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/dumpstack_32.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
  *  Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002 Andi Kleen, SuSE Labs
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/dumpstack_64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/dumpstack_64.c
index 225af41..88ce2ff 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/dumpstack_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/dumpstack_64.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
  *  Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002 Andi Kleen, SuSE Labs
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/early-quirks.c b/arch/x86/kernel/early-quirks.c
index 927abea..1e82f78 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/early-quirks.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/early-quirks.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /* Various workarounds for chipset bugs.
    This code runs very early and can't use the regular PCI subsystem
    The entries are keyed to PCI bridges which usually identify chipsets
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/early_printk.c b/arch/x86/kernel/early_printk.c
index 0f08403..5e801c8 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/early_printk.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/early_printk.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/console.h>
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/ebda.c b/arch/x86/kernel/ebda.c
index 4312f8a..38e7d59 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/ebda.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/ebda.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/memblock.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/bugs.c b/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/bugs.c
index d913047..2954fab 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/bugs.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/bugs.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * x86 FPU bug checks:
  */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/regset.c b/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/regset.c
index 3ea1513..bc02f51 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/regset.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/regset.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * FPU register's regset abstraction, for ptrace, core dumps, etc.
  */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/signal.c b/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/signal.c
index fb639e7..23f1691 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/signal.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/fpu/signal.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * FPU signal frame handling routines.
  */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/ftrace.c b/arch/x86/kernel/ftrace.c
index 9bef1bb..01ebcb6 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/ftrace.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/ftrace.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Dynamic function tracing support.
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/ftrace_32.S b/arch/x86/kernel/ftrace_32.S
index 722a145..b6c6468 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/ftrace_32.S
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/ftrace_32.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  *  Copyright (C) 2017  Steven Rostedt, VMware Inc.
  */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/ftrace_64.S b/arch/x86/kernel/ftrace_64.S
index 1dfac63..c832291 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/ftrace_64.S
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/ftrace_64.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  *  Copyright (C) 2014  Steven Rostedt, Red Hat Inc
  */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/head32.c b/arch/x86/kernel/head32.c
index 2902ca4..ec6fefb 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/head32.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/head32.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  linux/arch/i386/kernel/head32.c -- prepare to run common code
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/head64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/head64.c
index bab4fa5..6a5d757 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/head64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/head64.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  prepare to run common code
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/head_32.S b/arch/x86/kernel/head_32.S
index 9ed3074..f1d528b 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/head_32.S
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/head_32.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  *
  *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/head_64.S b/arch/x86/kernel/head_64.S
index 513cbb0..6dde3f3 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/head_64.S
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/head_64.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  *  linux/arch/x86/kernel/head_64.S -- start in 32bit and switch to 64bit
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/i8253.c b/arch/x86/kernel/i8253.c
index 6ebe00c..0d307a6 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/i8253.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/i8253.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * 8253/PIT functions
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/i8259.c b/arch/x86/kernel/i8259.c
index 4e3b8a5..8f5cb2c 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/i8259.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/i8259.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/linkage.h>
 #include <linux/errno.h>
 #include <linux/signal.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/io_delay.c b/arch/x86/kernel/io_delay.c
index 7ebcc4a..805b7a3 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/io_delay.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/io_delay.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * I/O delay strategies for inb_p/outb_p
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/ioport.c b/arch/x86/kernel/ioport.c
index 9c3cf09..3feb648 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/ioport.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/ioport.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * This contains the io-permission bitmap code - written by obz, with changes
  * by Linus. 32/64 bits code unification by Miguel Botón.
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/irq_32.c b/arch/x86/kernel/irq_32.c
index d4eb450..a83b334 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/irq_32.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/irq_32.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *	Copyright (C) 1992, 1998 Linus Torvalds, Ingo Molnar
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/irq_64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/irq_64.c
index 3be74fb..020efbf 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/irq_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/irq_64.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *	Copyright (C) 1992, 1998 Linus Torvalds, Ingo Molnar
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/irq_work.c b/arch/x86/kernel/irq_work.c
index 70dee05..80bee76 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/irq_work.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/irq_work.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * x86 specific code for irq_work
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/irqinit.c b/arch/x86/kernel/irqinit.c
index 1add9e0..1e4094e 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/irqinit.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/irqinit.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/linkage.h>
 #include <linux/errno.h>
 #include <linux/signal.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/jump_label.c b/arch/x86/kernel/jump_label.c
index ab4f491..e56c95b 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/jump_label.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/jump_label.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * jump label x86 support
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/kprobes/common.h b/arch/x86/kernel/kprobes/common.h
index 3fc0f9a..615105c 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/kprobes/common.h
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/kprobes/common.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __X86_KERNEL_KPROBES_COMMON_H
 #define __X86_KERNEL_KPROBES_COMMON_H
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/ldt.c b/arch/x86/kernel/ldt.c
index f0e64db..4d17bac 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/ldt.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/ldt.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 1992 Krishna Balasubramanian and Linus Torvalds
  * Copyright (C) 1999 Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/mmconf-fam10h_64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/mmconf-fam10h_64.c
index f4c886d..b5cb49e 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/mmconf-fam10h_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/mmconf-fam10h_64.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * AMD Family 10h mmconfig enablement
  */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/mpparse.c b/arch/x86/kernel/mpparse.c
index 5cbb317..410c5da 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/mpparse.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/mpparse.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *	Intel Multiprocessor Specification 1.1 and 1.4
  *	compliant MP-table parsing routines.
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/nmi_selftest.c b/arch/x86/kernel/nmi_selftest.c
index d27f8d8..a1a96df 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/nmi_selftest.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/nmi_selftest.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * arch/x86/kernel/nmi-selftest.c
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/paravirt-spinlocks.c b/arch/x86/kernel/paravirt-spinlocks.c
index 8f2d1c9..71f2d11 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/paravirt-spinlocks.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/paravirt-spinlocks.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Split spinlock implementation out into its own file, so it can be
  * compiled in a FTRACE-compatible way.
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/paravirt_patch_32.c b/arch/x86/kernel/paravirt_patch_32.c
index 553acbb..758e69d 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/paravirt_patch_32.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/paravirt_patch_32.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <asm/paravirt.h>
 
 DEF_NATIVE(pv_irq_ops, irq_disable, "cli");
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/paravirt_patch_64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/paravirt_patch_64.c
index 11aaf1e..ac0be82 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/paravirt_patch_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/paravirt_patch_64.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <asm/paravirt.h>
 #include <asm/asm-offsets.h>
 #include <linux/stringify.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/pci-dma.c b/arch/x86/kernel/pci-dma.c
index 0accc24..599d746 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/pci-dma.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/pci-dma.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
 #include <linux/dma-debug.h>
 #include <linux/dmar.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/pci-iommu_table.c b/arch/x86/kernel/pci-iommu_table.c
index f712dfd..4dfd90a 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/pci-iommu_table.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/pci-iommu_table.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
 #include <asm/iommu_table.h>
 #include <linux/string.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/pci-nommu.c b/arch/x86/kernel/pci-nommu.c
index 4fc3cb6..b0caae2 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/pci-nommu.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/pci-nommu.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /* Fallback functions when the main IOMMU code is not compiled in. This
    code is roughly equivalent to i386. */
 #include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/pci-swiotlb.c b/arch/x86/kernel/pci-swiotlb.c
index 6770775..53bd05e 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/pci-swiotlb.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/pci-swiotlb.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /* Glue code to lib/swiotlb.c */
 
 #include <linux/pci.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/pcspeaker.c b/arch/x86/kernel/pcspeaker.c
index a311ffc..da5190a 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/pcspeaker.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/pcspeaker.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/platform_device.h>
 #include <linux/err.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/perf_regs.c b/arch/x86/kernel/perf_regs.c
index 587d887..e47b2db 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/perf_regs.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/perf_regs.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/errno.h>
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/platform-quirks.c b/arch/x86/kernel/platform-quirks.c
index 502a77d0..39a5929 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/platform-quirks.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/platform-quirks.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/pmem.c b/arch/x86/kernel/pmem.c
index 0c5315d..3fe6900 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/pmem.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/pmem.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2015, Christoph Hellwig.
  * Copyright (c) 2015, Intel Corporation.
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/probe_roms.c b/arch/x86/kernel/probe_roms.c
index 963e3fb..ee02863 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/probe_roms.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/probe_roms.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/mm.h>
 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/process.c b/arch/x86/kernel/process.c
index bd6b85f..c676853 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/process.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/process.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
 
 #include <linux/errno.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/quirks.c b/arch/x86/kernel/quirks.c
index eaa591c..697a4ce 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/quirks.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/quirks.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * This file contains work-arounds for x86 and x86_64 platform bugs.
  */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/reboot.c b/arch/x86/kernel/reboot.c
index add33f6..2126b9d 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/reboot.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/reboot.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
 
 #include <linux/export.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/reboot_fixups_32.c b/arch/x86/kernel/reboot_fixups_32.c
index c8e41e9..b7c0f14 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/reboot_fixups_32.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/reboot_fixups_32.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * This is a good place to put board specific reboot fixups.
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/resource.c b/arch/x86/kernel/resource.c
index 5ab3895..9b9fb78 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/resource.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/resource.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/ioport.h>
 #include <asm/e820/api.h>
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/rtc.c b/arch/x86/kernel/rtc.c
index 5b21cb7..69ac9cb 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/rtc.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/rtc.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * RTC related functions
  */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/setup_percpu.c b/arch/x86/kernel/setup_percpu.c
index 28dafed..497aa76 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/setup_percpu.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/setup_percpu.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
 
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/signal.c b/arch/x86/kernel/signal.c
index 4e188fd..b9e00e8 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/signal.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/signal.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
  *  Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002 Andi Kleen SuSE Labs
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/signal_compat.c b/arch/x86/kernel/signal_compat.c
index ab9feb5..8c6da1a 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/signal_compat.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/signal_compat.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/compat.h>
 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/step.c b/arch/x86/kernel/step.c
index 5ee6638..60d2c37 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/step.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/step.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * x86 single-step support code, common to 32-bit and 64-bit.
  */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/sys_x86_64.c b/arch/x86/kernel/sys_x86_64.c
index 73e4d28..a63fe77 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/sys_x86_64.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/sys_x86_64.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/errno.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/sched/mm.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/time.c b/arch/x86/kernel/time.c
index e0754cd..879af86 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/time.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/time.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  Copyright (c) 1991,1992,1995  Linus Torvalds
  *  Copyright (c) 1994  Alan Modra
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/tls.c b/arch/x86/kernel/tls.c
index a106b97..9a9c9b0 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/tls.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/tls.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/errno.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/trace_clock.c b/arch/x86/kernel/trace_clock.c
index 80bb24d..b8e7abe0 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/trace_clock.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/trace_clock.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * X86 trace clocks
  */
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/tracepoint.c b/arch/x86/kernel/tracepoint.c
index c6636d1..5bd30c4 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/tracepoint.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/tracepoint.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Code for supporting irq vector tracepoints.
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/tsc_sync.c b/arch/x86/kernel/tsc_sync.c
index 7842371..e76a988 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/tsc_sync.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/tsc_sync.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * check TSC synchronization.
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/vm86_32.c b/arch/x86/kernel/vm86_32.c
index 7924a53..6824474 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/vm86_32.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/vm86_32.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  Copyright (C) 1994  Linus Torvalds
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S b/arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
index f05f00a..a4009fb 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * ld script for the x86 kernel
  *