fs: Better permission checking for submounts

To support unprivileged users mounting filesystems two permission
checks have to be performed: a test to see if the user allowed to
create a mount in the mount namespace, and a test to see if
the user is allowed to access the specified filesystem.

The automount case is special in that mounting the original filesystem
grants permission to mount the sub-filesystems, to any user who
happens to stumble across the their mountpoint and satisfies the
ordinary filesystem permission checks.

Attempting to handle the automount case by using override_creds
almost works.  It preserves the idea that permission to mount
the original filesystem is permission to mount the sub-filesystem.
Unfortunately using override_creds messes up the filesystems
ordinary permission checks.

Solve this by being explicit that a mount is a submount by introducing
vfs_submount, and using it where appropriate.

vfs_submount uses a new mount internal mount flags MS_SUBMOUNT, to let
sget and friends know that a mount is a submount so they can take appropriate
action.

sget and sget_userns are modified to not perform any permission checks
on submounts.

follow_automount is modified to stop using override_creds as that
has proven problemantic.

do_mount is modified to always remove the new MS_SUBMOUNT flag so
that we know userspace will never by able to specify it.

autofs4 is modified to stop using current_real_cred that was put in
there to handle the previous version of submount permission checking.

cifs is modified to pass the mountpoint all of the way down to vfs_submount.

debugfs is modified to pass the mountpoint all of the way down to
trace_automount by adding a new parameter.  To make this change easier
a new typedef debugfs_automount_t is introduced to capture the type of
the debugfs automount function.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 069d5ac9ae0d ("autofs:  Fix automounts by using current_real_cred()->uid")
Fixes: aeaa4a79ff6a ("fs: Call d_automount with the filesystems creds")
Reviewed-by: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@primarydata.com>
Reviewed-by: Seth Forshee <seth.forshee@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
diff --git a/fs/debugfs/inode.c b/fs/debugfs/inode.c
index f17fcf8..1e30f74 100644
--- a/fs/debugfs/inode.c
+++ b/fs/debugfs/inode.c
@@ -187,9 +187,9 @@ static const struct super_operations debugfs_super_operations = {
 
 static struct vfsmount *debugfs_automount(struct path *path)
 {
-	struct vfsmount *(*f)(void *);
-	f = (struct vfsmount *(*)(void *))path->dentry->d_fsdata;
-	return f(d_inode(path->dentry)->i_private);
+	debugfs_automount_t f;
+	f = (debugfs_automount_t)path->dentry->d_fsdata;
+	return f(path->dentry, d_inode(path->dentry)->i_private);
 }
 
 static const struct dentry_operations debugfs_dops = {
@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(debugfs_create_dir);
  */
 struct dentry *debugfs_create_automount(const char *name,
 					struct dentry *parent,
-					struct vfsmount *(*f)(void *),
+					debugfs_automount_t f,
 					void *data)
 {
 	struct dentry *dentry = start_creating(name, parent);