arm, cris, mips, sparc, powerpc, um, xtensa: fix build with bash 4.0

Albin Tonnerre <albin.tonnerre@free-electrons.com> reported:

    Bash 4 filters out variables which contain a dot in them.
    This happends to be the case of CPPFLAGS_vmlinux.lds.
    This is rather unfortunate, as it now causes
    build failures when using SHELL=/bin/bash to compile,
    or when bash happens to be used by make (eg when it's /bin/sh)

Remove the common definition of CPPFLAGS_vmlinux.lds by
pushing relevant stuff to either Makefile.build or the
arch specific kernel/Makefile where we build the linker script.

This is also nice cleanup as we move the information out where
it is used.

Notes for the different architectures touched:

arm - we use an already exported symbol
cris - we use a config symbol aleady available
       [Not build tested]
mips - the jiffies complexity has moved to vmlinux.lds.S where we need it.
       Added a few variables to CPPFLAGS - they are only used by
       the linker script.
       [Not build tested]
powerpc - removed assignment that is not needed
          [not build tested]
sparc - simplified it using $(BITS)
um - introduced a few new exported variables to deal with this
xtensa - added options to CPP invocation
         [not build tested]

Cc: Albin Tonnerre <albin.tonnerre@free-electrons.com>
Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Mikael Starvik <starvik@axis.com>
Cc: Jesper Nilsson <jesper.nilsson@axis.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
diff --git a/arch/sparc/kernel/Makefile b/arch/sparc/kernel/Makefile
index 247cc620..96aad39 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/kernel/Makefile
+++ b/arch/sparc/kernel/Makefile
@@ -7,7 +7,11 @@
 
 extra-y     := head_$(BITS).o
 extra-y     += init_task.o
-extra-y     += vmlinux.lds
+
+# Undefine sparc when processing vmlinux.lds - it is used
+# And teach CPP we are doing $(BITS) builds (for this case)
+CPPFLAGS_vmlinux.lds := -Usparc -m$(BITS)
+extra-y              += vmlinux.lds
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_SPARC32)   += entry.o wof.o wuf.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_SPARC32)   += etrap_32.o