block: generic request_queue reference counting

Allow pmem, and other synchronous/bio-based block drivers, to fallback
on a per-cpu reference count managed by the core for tracking queue
live/dead state.

The existing per-cpu reference count for the blk_mq case is promoted to
be used in all block i/o scenarios.  This involves initializing it by
default, waiting for it to drop to zero at exit, and holding a live
reference over the invocation of q->make_request_fn() in
generic_make_request().  The blk_mq code continues to take its own
reference per blk_mq request and retains the ability to freeze the
queue, but the check that the queue is frozen is moved to
generic_make_request().

This fixes crash signatures like the following:

 BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at ffff880140000000
 [..]
 Call Trace:
  [<ffffffff8145e8bf>] ? copy_user_handle_tail+0x5f/0x70
  [<ffffffffa004e1e0>] pmem_do_bvec.isra.11+0x70/0xf0 [nd_pmem]
  [<ffffffffa004e331>] pmem_make_request+0xd1/0x200 [nd_pmem]
  [<ffffffff811c3162>] ? mempool_alloc+0x72/0x1a0
  [<ffffffff8141f8b6>] generic_make_request+0xd6/0x110
  [<ffffffff8141f966>] submit_bio+0x76/0x170
  [<ffffffff81286dff>] submit_bh_wbc+0x12f/0x160
  [<ffffffff81286e62>] submit_bh+0x12/0x20
  [<ffffffff813395bd>] jbd2_write_superblock+0x8d/0x170
  [<ffffffff8133974d>] jbd2_mark_journal_empty+0x5d/0x90
  [<ffffffff813399cb>] jbd2_journal_destroy+0x24b/0x270
  [<ffffffff810bc4ca>] ? put_pwq_unlocked+0x2a/0x30
  [<ffffffff810bc6f5>] ? destroy_workqueue+0x225/0x250
  [<ffffffff81303494>] ext4_put_super+0x64/0x360
  [<ffffffff8124ab1a>] generic_shutdown_super+0x6a/0xf0

Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Keith Busch <keith.busch@intel.com>
Cc: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Suggested-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Tested-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
diff --git a/block/blk.h b/block/blk.h
index 98614ad..5b2cd39 100644
--- a/block/blk.h
+++ b/block/blk.h
@@ -72,6 +72,20 @@
 void __blk_queue_free_tags(struct request_queue *q);
 bool __blk_end_bidi_request(struct request *rq, int error,
 			    unsigned int nr_bytes, unsigned int bidi_bytes);
+int blk_queue_enter(struct request_queue *q, gfp_t gfp);
+void blk_queue_exit(struct request_queue *q);
+void blk_freeze_queue(struct request_queue *q);
+
+static inline void blk_queue_enter_live(struct request_queue *q)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Given that running in generic_make_request() context
+	 * guarantees that a live reference against q_usage_counter has
+	 * been established, further references under that same context
+	 * need not check that the queue has been frozen (marked dead).
+	 */
+	percpu_ref_get(&q->q_usage_counter);
+}
 
 void blk_rq_timed_out_timer(unsigned long data);
 unsigned long blk_rq_timeout(unsigned long timeout);