Merge tag 'asoc-v5.3' of https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/broonie/sound into for-linus

ASoC: Updates for v5.3

This is a very big update, mainly thanks to Morimoto-san's refactoring
work and some fairly large new drivers.

 - Lots more work on moving towards a component based framework from
   Morimoto-san.
 - Support for force disconnecting muxes from Jerome Brunet.
 - New drivers for Cirrus Logic CS47L35, CS47L85 and CS47L90, Conexant
   CX2072X, Realtek RT1011 and RT1308.

Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
diff --git a/include/sound/hda_codec.h b/include/sound/hda_codec.h
index c4299da..8f46ff3 100644
--- a/include/sound/hda_codec.h
+++ b/include/sound/hda_codec.h
@@ -271,9 +271,6 @@ struct hda_codec {
 	unsigned long jackpoll_interval; /* In jiffies. Zero means no poll, rely on unsol events */
 	struct delayed_work jackpoll_work;
 
-	/* jack detection */
-	struct snd_array jacks;
-
 	int depop_delay; /* depop delay in ms, -1 for default delay time */
 
 	/* fix-up list */
diff --git a/include/sound/hdaudio.h b/include/sound/hdaudio.h
index e834678..612a17e 100644
--- a/include/sound/hdaudio.h
+++ b/include/sound/hdaudio.h
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ void snd_hdac_device_unregister(struct hdac_device *codec);
 int snd_hdac_device_set_chip_name(struct hdac_device *codec, const char *name);
 int snd_hdac_codec_modalias(struct hdac_device *hdac, char *buf, size_t size);
 
-int snd_hdac_refresh_widgets(struct hdac_device *codec, bool sysfs);
+int snd_hdac_refresh_widgets(struct hdac_device *codec);
 
 unsigned int snd_hdac_make_cmd(struct hdac_device *codec, hda_nid_t nid,
 			       unsigned int verb, unsigned int parm);
@@ -358,6 +358,9 @@ struct hdac_bus {
 	bool align_bdle_4k:1;		/* BDLE align 4K boundary */
 	bool reverse_assign:1;		/* assign devices in reverse order */
 	bool corbrp_self_clear:1;	/* CORBRP clears itself after reset */
+	bool polling_mode:1;
+
+	int poll_count;
 
 	int bdl_pos_adj;		/* BDL position adjustment */
 
diff --git a/include/uapi/linux/usb/audio.h b/include/uapi/linux/usb/audio.h
index ddc5396..76b7c3f 100644
--- a/include/uapi/linux/usb/audio.h
+++ b/include/uapi/linux/usb/audio.h
@@ -450,6 +450,43 @@ static inline __u8 *uac_processing_unit_specific(struct uac_processing_unit_desc
 	}
 }
 
+/*
+ * Extension Unit (XU) has almost compatible layout with Processing Unit, but
+ * on UAC2, it has a different bmControls size (bControlSize); it's 1 byte for
+ * XU while 2 bytes for PU.  The last iExtension field is a one-byte index as
+ * well as iProcessing field of PU.
+ */
+static inline __u8 uac_extension_unit_bControlSize(struct uac_processing_unit_descriptor *desc,
+						   int protocol)
+{
+	switch (protocol) {
+	case UAC_VERSION_1:
+		return desc->baSourceID[desc->bNrInPins + 4];
+	case UAC_VERSION_2:
+		return 1; /* in UAC2, this value is constant */
+	case UAC_VERSION_3:
+		return 4; /* in UAC3, this value is constant */
+	default:
+		return 1;
+	}
+}
+
+static inline __u8 uac_extension_unit_iExtension(struct uac_processing_unit_descriptor *desc,
+						 int protocol)
+{
+	__u8 control_size = uac_extension_unit_bControlSize(desc, protocol);
+
+	switch (protocol) {
+	case UAC_VERSION_1:
+	case UAC_VERSION_2:
+	default:
+		return *(uac_processing_unit_bmControls(desc, protocol)
+			 + control_size);
+	case UAC_VERSION_3:
+		return 0; /* UAC3 does not have this field */
+	}
+}
+
 /* 4.5.2 Class-Specific AS Interface Descriptor */
 struct uac1_as_header_descriptor {
 	__u8  bLength;			/* in bytes: 7 */
diff --git a/sound/core/control.c b/sound/core/control.c
index 5be5b9b..7a4d869 100644
--- a/sound/core/control.c
+++ b/sound/core/control.c
@@ -196,16 +196,12 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_ctl_notify);
 static int snd_ctl_new(struct snd_kcontrol **kctl, unsigned int count,
 		       unsigned int access, struct snd_ctl_file *file)
 {
-	unsigned int size;
 	unsigned int idx;
 
 	if (count == 0 || count > MAX_CONTROL_COUNT)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	size  = sizeof(struct snd_kcontrol);
-	size += sizeof(struct snd_kcontrol_volatile) * count;
-
-	*kctl = kzalloc(size, GFP_KERNEL);
+	*kctl = kzalloc(struct_size(*kctl, vd, count), GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!*kctl)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
diff --git a/sound/core/oss/rate.c b/sound/core/oss/rate.c
index 2fa9299..7cd09ce 100644
--- a/sound/core/oss/rate.c
+++ b/sound/core/oss/rate.c
@@ -323,8 +323,8 @@ int snd_pcm_plugin_build_rate(struct snd_pcm_substream *plug,
 
 	err = snd_pcm_plugin_build(plug, "rate conversion",
 				   src_format, dst_format,
-				   sizeof(struct rate_priv) +
-				   src_format->channels * sizeof(struct rate_channel),
+				   struct_size(data, channels,
+					       src_format->channels),
 				   &plugin);
 	if (err < 0)
 		return err;
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_ioctl.c b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_ioctl.c
index 96ad01f..ccf6826 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_ioctl.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_ioctl.c
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ static int snd_seq_oss_oob_user(struct seq_oss_devinfo *dp, void __user *arg)
 	if (copy_from_user(ev, arg, 8))
 		return -EFAULT;
 	memset(&tmpev, 0, sizeof(tmpev));
-	snd_seq_oss_fill_addr(dp, &tmpev, dp->addr.port, dp->addr.client);
+	snd_seq_oss_fill_addr(dp, &tmpev, dp->addr.client, dp->addr.port);
 	tmpev.time.tick = 0;
 	if (! snd_seq_oss_process_event(dp, (union evrec *)ev, &tmpev)) {
 		snd_seq_oss_dispatch(dp, &tmpev, 0, 0);
diff --git a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_rw.c b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_rw.c
index 79ef430..537d5f4 100644
--- a/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_rw.c
+++ b/sound/core/seq/oss/seq_oss_rw.c
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ insert_queue(struct seq_oss_devinfo *dp, union evrec *rec, struct file *opt)
 	memset(&event, 0, sizeof(event));
 	/* set dummy -- to be sure */
 	event.type = SNDRV_SEQ_EVENT_NOTEOFF;
-	snd_seq_oss_fill_addr(dp, &event, dp->addr.port, dp->addr.client);
+	snd_seq_oss_fill_addr(dp, &event, dp->addr.client, dp->addr.port);
 
 	if (snd_seq_oss_process_event(dp, rec, &event))
 		return 0; /* invalid event - no need to insert queue */
diff --git a/sound/firewire/amdtp-am824.c b/sound/firewire/amdtp-am824.c
index cc6eb30..fd5d6b8 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/amdtp-am824.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/amdtp-am824.c
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ int amdtp_am824_set_parameters(struct amdtp_stream *s, unsigned int rate,
 	if (err < 0)
 		return err;
 
-	s->fdf = AMDTP_FDF_AM824 | s->sfc;
+	s->ctx_data.rx.fdf = AMDTP_FDF_AM824 | s->sfc;
 
 	p->pcm_channels = pcm_channels;
 	p->midi_ports = midi_ports;
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ static void read_midi_messages(struct amdtp_stream *s,
 	u8 *b;
 
 	for (f = 0; f < frames; f++) {
-		port = (s->data_block_counter + f) % 8;
+		port = (8 - s->ctx_data.tx.first_dbc + s->data_block_counter + f) % 8;
 		b = (u8 *)&buffer[p->midi_position];
 
 		len = b[0] - 0x80;
diff --git a/sound/firewire/amdtp-stream-trace.h b/sound/firewire/amdtp-stream-trace.h
index edb5c3a..4adbbf7 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/amdtp-stream-trace.h
+++ b/sound/firewire/amdtp-stream-trace.h
@@ -13,103 +13,16 @@
 
 #include <linux/tracepoint.h>
 
-TRACE_EVENT(in_packet,
-	TP_PROTO(const struct amdtp_stream *s, u32 cycles, u32 *cip_header, unsigned int payload_length, unsigned int index),
-	TP_ARGS(s, cycles, cip_header, payload_length, index),
+TRACE_EVENT(amdtp_packet,
+	TP_PROTO(const struct amdtp_stream *s, u32 cycles, const __be32 *cip_header, unsigned int payload_length, unsigned int data_blocks, unsigned int index),
+	TP_ARGS(s, cycles, cip_header, payload_length, data_blocks, index),
 	TP_STRUCT__entry(
 		__field(unsigned int, second)
 		__field(unsigned int, cycle)
 		__field(int, channel)
 		__field(int, src)
 		__field(int, dest)
-		__field(u32, cip_header0)
-		__field(u32, cip_header1)
-		__field(unsigned int, payload_quadlets)
-		__field(unsigned int, packet_index)
-		__field(unsigned int, irq)
-		__field(unsigned int, index)
-	),
-	TP_fast_assign(
-		__entry->second = cycles / CYCLES_PER_SECOND;
-		__entry->cycle = cycles % CYCLES_PER_SECOND;
-		__entry->channel = s->context->channel;
-		__entry->src = fw_parent_device(s->unit)->node_id;
-		__entry->dest = fw_parent_device(s->unit)->card->node_id;
-		__entry->cip_header0 = cip_header[0];
-		__entry->cip_header1 = cip_header[1];
-		__entry->payload_quadlets = payload_length / 4;
-		__entry->packet_index = s->packet_index;
-		__entry->irq = !!in_interrupt();
-		__entry->index = index;
-	),
-	TP_printk(
-		"%02u %04u %04x %04x %02d %08x %08x %03u %02u %01u %02u",
-		__entry->second,
-		__entry->cycle,
-		__entry->src,
-		__entry->dest,
-		__entry->channel,
-		__entry->cip_header0,
-		__entry->cip_header1,
-		__entry->payload_quadlets,
-		__entry->packet_index,
-		__entry->irq,
-		__entry->index)
-);
-
-TRACE_EVENT(out_packet,
-	TP_PROTO(const struct amdtp_stream *s, u32 cycles, __be32 *cip_header, unsigned int payload_length, unsigned int index),
-	TP_ARGS(s, cycles, cip_header, payload_length, index),
-	TP_STRUCT__entry(
-		__field(unsigned int, second)
-		__field(unsigned int, cycle)
-		__field(int, channel)
-		__field(int, src)
-		__field(int, dest)
-		__field(u32, cip_header0)
-		__field(u32, cip_header1)
-		__field(unsigned int, payload_quadlets)
-		__field(unsigned int, packet_index)
-		__field(unsigned int, irq)
-		__field(unsigned int, index)
-	),
-	TP_fast_assign(
-		__entry->second = cycles / CYCLES_PER_SECOND;
-		__entry->cycle = cycles % CYCLES_PER_SECOND;
-		__entry->channel = s->context->channel;
-		__entry->src = fw_parent_device(s->unit)->card->node_id;
-		__entry->dest = fw_parent_device(s->unit)->node_id;
-		__entry->cip_header0 = be32_to_cpu(cip_header[0]);
-		__entry->cip_header1 = be32_to_cpu(cip_header[1]);
-		__entry->payload_quadlets = payload_length / 4;
-		__entry->packet_index = s->packet_index;
-		__entry->irq = !!in_interrupt();
-		__entry->index = index;
-	),
-	TP_printk(
-		"%02u %04u %04x %04x %02d %08x %08x %03u %02u %01u %02u",
-		__entry->second,
-		__entry->cycle,
-		__entry->src,
-		__entry->dest,
-		__entry->channel,
-		__entry->cip_header0,
-		__entry->cip_header1,
-		__entry->payload_quadlets,
-		__entry->packet_index,
-		__entry->irq,
-		__entry->index)
-);
-
-TRACE_EVENT(in_packet_without_header,
-	TP_PROTO(const struct amdtp_stream *s, u32 cycles, unsigned int payload_quadlets, unsigned int data_blocks, unsigned int index),
-	TP_ARGS(s, cycles, payload_quadlets, data_blocks, index),
-	TP_STRUCT__entry(
-		__field(unsigned int, second)
-		__field(unsigned int, cycle)
-		__field(int, channel)
-		__field(int, src)
-		__field(int, dest)
+		__dynamic_array(u8, cip_header, cip_header ? 8 : 0)
 		__field(unsigned int, payload_quadlets)
 		__field(unsigned int, data_blocks)
 		__field(unsigned int, data_block_counter)
@@ -121,17 +34,26 @@ TRACE_EVENT(in_packet_without_header,
 		__entry->second = cycles / CYCLES_PER_SECOND;
 		__entry->cycle = cycles % CYCLES_PER_SECOND;
 		__entry->channel = s->context->channel;
-		__entry->src = fw_parent_device(s->unit)->node_id;
-		__entry->dest = fw_parent_device(s->unit)->card->node_id;
-		__entry->payload_quadlets = payload_quadlets;
-		__entry->data_blocks = data_blocks,
+		if (s->direction == AMDTP_IN_STREAM) {
+			__entry->src = fw_parent_device(s->unit)->node_id;
+			__entry->dest = fw_parent_device(s->unit)->card->node_id;
+		} else {
+			__entry->src = fw_parent_device(s->unit)->card->node_id;
+			__entry->dest = fw_parent_device(s->unit)->node_id;
+		}
+		if (cip_header) {
+			memcpy(__get_dynamic_array(cip_header), cip_header,
+			       __get_dynamic_array_len(cip_header));
+		}
+		__entry->payload_quadlets = payload_length / sizeof(__be32);
+		__entry->data_blocks = data_blocks;
 		__entry->data_block_counter = s->data_block_counter,
 		__entry->packet_index = s->packet_index;
 		__entry->irq = !!in_interrupt();
 		__entry->index = index;
 	),
 	TP_printk(
-		"%02u %04u %04x %04x %02d %03u %02u %03u %02u %01u %02u",
+		"%02u %04u %04x %04x %02d %03u %02u %03u %02u %01u %02u %s",
 		__entry->second,
 		__entry->cycle,
 		__entry->src,
@@ -142,51 +64,10 @@ TRACE_EVENT(in_packet_without_header,
 		__entry->data_block_counter,
 		__entry->packet_index,
 		__entry->irq,
-		__entry->index)
-);
-
-TRACE_EVENT(out_packet_without_header,
-	TP_PROTO(const struct amdtp_stream *s, u32 cycles, unsigned int payload_length, unsigned int data_blocks, unsigned int index),
-	TP_ARGS(s, cycles, payload_length, data_blocks, index),
-	TP_STRUCT__entry(
-		__field(unsigned int, second)
-		__field(unsigned int, cycle)
-		__field(int, channel)
-		__field(int, src)
-		__field(int, dest)
-		__field(unsigned int, payload_quadlets)
-		__field(unsigned int, data_blocks)
-		__field(unsigned int, data_block_counter)
-		__field(unsigned int, packet_index)
-		__field(unsigned int, irq)
-		__field(unsigned int, index)
-	),
-	TP_fast_assign(
-		__entry->second = cycles / CYCLES_PER_SECOND;
-		__entry->cycle = cycles % CYCLES_PER_SECOND;
-		__entry->channel = s->context->channel;
-		__entry->src = fw_parent_device(s->unit)->card->node_id;
-		__entry->dest = fw_parent_device(s->unit)->node_id;
-		__entry->payload_quadlets = payload_length / 4;
-		__entry->data_blocks = data_blocks,
-		__entry->data_block_counter = s->data_block_counter,
-		__entry->packet_index = s->packet_index;
-		__entry->irq = !!in_interrupt();
-		__entry->index = index;
-	),
-	TP_printk(
-		"%02u %04u %04x %04x %02d %03u %02u %03u %02u %01u %02u",
-		__entry->second,
-		__entry->cycle,
-		__entry->src,
-		__entry->dest,
-		__entry->channel,
-		__entry->payload_quadlets,
-		__entry->data_blocks,
-		__entry->data_block_counter,
-		__entry->packet_index,
-		__entry->irq,
-		__entry->index)
+		__entry->index,
+		__print_array(__get_dynamic_array(cip_header),
+			      __get_dynamic_array_len(cip_header),
+			      sizeof(u8)))
 );
 
 #endif
diff --git a/sound/firewire/amdtp-stream.c b/sound/firewire/amdtp-stream.c
index 68f5fa4..87a46bd 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/amdtp-stream.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/amdtp-stream.c
@@ -56,10 +56,15 @@
 #define INTERRUPT_INTERVAL	16
 #define QUEUE_LENGTH		48
 
-#define IR_HEADER_SIZE		8	// For header and timestamp.
-#define OUT_PACKET_HEADER_SIZE	0
+// For iso header, tstamp and 2 CIP header.
+#define IR_CTX_HEADER_SIZE_CIP		16
+// For iso header and tstamp.
+#define IR_CTX_HEADER_SIZE_NO_CIP	8
 #define HEADER_TSTAMP_MASK	0x0000ffff
 
+#define IT_PKT_HEADER_SIZE_CIP		8 // For 2 CIP header.
+#define IT_PKT_HEADER_SIZE_NO_CIP	0 // Nothing.
+
 static void pcm_period_tasklet(unsigned long data);
 
 /**
@@ -260,11 +265,18 @@ int amdtp_stream_set_parameters(struct amdtp_stream *s, unsigned int rate,
 	s->data_block_quadlets = data_block_quadlets;
 	s->syt_interval = amdtp_syt_intervals[sfc];
 
-	/* default buffering in the device */
-	s->transfer_delay = TRANSFER_DELAY_TICKS - TICKS_PER_CYCLE;
-	if (s->flags & CIP_BLOCKING)
-		/* additional buffering needed to adjust for no-data packets */
-		s->transfer_delay += TICKS_PER_SECOND * s->syt_interval / rate;
+	// default buffering in the device.
+	if (s->direction == AMDTP_OUT_STREAM) {
+		s->ctx_data.rx.transfer_delay =
+					TRANSFER_DELAY_TICKS - TICKS_PER_CYCLE;
+
+		if (s->flags & CIP_BLOCKING) {
+			// additional buffering needed to adjust for no-data
+			// packets.
+			s->ctx_data.rx.transfer_delay +=
+				TICKS_PER_SECOND * s->syt_interval / rate;
+		}
+	}
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -280,15 +292,15 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(amdtp_stream_set_parameters);
 unsigned int amdtp_stream_get_max_payload(struct amdtp_stream *s)
 {
 	unsigned int multiplier = 1;
-	unsigned int header_size = 0;
+	unsigned int cip_header_size = 0;
 
 	if (s->flags & CIP_JUMBO_PAYLOAD)
 		multiplier = 5;
 	if (!(s->flags & CIP_NO_HEADER))
-		header_size = 8;
+		cip_header_size = sizeof(__be32) * 2;
 
-	return header_size +
-		s->syt_interval * s->data_block_quadlets * 4 * multiplier;
+	return cip_header_size +
+		s->syt_interval * s->data_block_quadlets * sizeof(__be32) * multiplier;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(amdtp_stream_get_max_payload);
 
@@ -321,10 +333,10 @@ static unsigned int calculate_data_blocks(struct amdtp_stream *s,
 	/* Non-blocking mode. */
 	} else {
 		if (!cip_sfc_is_base_44100(s->sfc)) {
-			/* Sample_rate / 8000 is an integer, and precomputed. */
-			data_blocks = s->data_block_state;
+			// Sample_rate / 8000 is an integer, and precomputed.
+			data_blocks = s->ctx_data.rx.data_block_state;
 		} else {
-			phase = s->data_block_state;
+			phase = s->ctx_data.rx.data_block_state;
 
 		/*
 		 * This calculates the number of data blocks per packet so that
@@ -343,7 +355,7 @@ static unsigned int calculate_data_blocks(struct amdtp_stream *s,
 				data_blocks = 11 * (s->sfc >> 1) + (phase == 0);
 			if (++phase >= (80 >> (s->sfc >> 1)))
 				phase = 0;
-			s->data_block_state = phase;
+			s->ctx_data.rx.data_block_state = phase;
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -355,9 +367,10 @@ static unsigned int calculate_syt(struct amdtp_stream *s,
 {
 	unsigned int syt_offset, phase, index, syt;
 
-	if (s->last_syt_offset < TICKS_PER_CYCLE) {
+	if (s->ctx_data.rx.last_syt_offset < TICKS_PER_CYCLE) {
 		if (!cip_sfc_is_base_44100(s->sfc))
-			syt_offset = s->last_syt_offset + s->syt_offset_state;
+			syt_offset = s->ctx_data.rx.last_syt_offset +
+				     s->ctx_data.rx.syt_offset_state;
 		else {
 		/*
 		 * The time, in ticks, of the n'th SYT_INTERVAL sample is:
@@ -369,21 +382,21 @@ static unsigned int calculate_syt(struct amdtp_stream *s,
 		 *   1386 1386 1387 1386 1386 1386 1387 1386 1386 1386 1387 ...
 		 * This code generates _exactly_ the same sequence.
 		 */
-			phase = s->syt_offset_state;
+			phase = s->ctx_data.rx.syt_offset_state;
 			index = phase % 13;
-			syt_offset = s->last_syt_offset;
+			syt_offset = s->ctx_data.rx.last_syt_offset;
 			syt_offset += 1386 + ((index && !(index & 3)) ||
 					      phase == 146);
 			if (++phase >= 147)
 				phase = 0;
-			s->syt_offset_state = phase;
+			s->ctx_data.rx.syt_offset_state = phase;
 		}
 	} else
-		syt_offset = s->last_syt_offset - TICKS_PER_CYCLE;
-	s->last_syt_offset = syt_offset;
+		syt_offset = s->ctx_data.rx.last_syt_offset - TICKS_PER_CYCLE;
+	s->ctx_data.rx.last_syt_offset = syt_offset;
 
 	if (syt_offset < TICKS_PER_CYCLE) {
-		syt_offset += s->transfer_delay;
+		syt_offset += s->ctx_data.rx.transfer_delay;
 		syt = (cycle + syt_offset / TICKS_PER_CYCLE) << 12;
 		syt += syt_offset % TICKS_PER_CYCLE;
 
@@ -420,23 +433,15 @@ static void pcm_period_tasklet(unsigned long data)
 		snd_pcm_period_elapsed(pcm);
 }
 
-static int queue_packet(struct amdtp_stream *s, unsigned int header_length,
-			unsigned int payload_length)
+static int queue_packet(struct amdtp_stream *s, struct fw_iso_packet *params)
 {
-	struct fw_iso_packet p = {0};
-	int err = 0;
+	int err;
 
-	if (IS_ERR(s->context))
-		goto end;
+	params->interrupt = IS_ALIGNED(s->packet_index + 1, INTERRUPT_INTERVAL);
+	params->tag = s->tag;
+	params->sy = 0;
 
-	p.interrupt = IS_ALIGNED(s->packet_index + 1, INTERRUPT_INTERVAL);
-	p.tag = s->tag;
-	p.header_length = header_length;
-	if (payload_length > 0)
-		p.payload_length = payload_length;
-	else
-		p.skip = true;
-	err = fw_iso_context_queue(s->context, &p, &s->buffer.iso_buffer,
+	err = fw_iso_context_queue(s->context, params, &s->buffer.iso_buffer,
 				   s->buffer.packets[s->packet_index].offset);
 	if (err < 0) {
 		dev_err(&s->unit->device, "queueing error: %d\n", err);
@@ -450,112 +455,81 @@ static int queue_packet(struct amdtp_stream *s, unsigned int header_length,
 }
 
 static inline int queue_out_packet(struct amdtp_stream *s,
-				   unsigned int payload_length)
+				   struct fw_iso_packet *params)
 {
-	return queue_packet(s, OUT_PACKET_HEADER_SIZE, payload_length);
+	params->skip =
+		!!(params->header_length == 0 && params->payload_length == 0);
+	return queue_packet(s, params);
 }
 
-static inline int queue_in_packet(struct amdtp_stream *s)
+static inline int queue_in_packet(struct amdtp_stream *s,
+				  struct fw_iso_packet *params)
 {
-	return queue_packet(s, IR_HEADER_SIZE, s->max_payload_length);
+	// Queue one packet for IR context.
+	params->header_length = s->ctx_data.tx.ctx_header_size;
+	params->payload_length = s->ctx_data.tx.max_ctx_payload_length;
+	params->skip = false;
+	return queue_packet(s, params);
 }
 
-static int handle_out_packet(struct amdtp_stream *s,
-			     unsigned int payload_length, unsigned int cycle,
-			     unsigned int index)
+static void generate_cip_header(struct amdtp_stream *s, __be32 cip_header[2],
+				unsigned int syt)
 {
-	__be32 *buffer;
-	unsigned int syt;
-	unsigned int data_blocks;
-	unsigned int pcm_frames;
-	struct snd_pcm_substream *pcm;
-
-	buffer = s->buffer.packets[s->packet_index].buffer;
-	syt = calculate_syt(s, cycle);
-	data_blocks = calculate_data_blocks(s, syt);
-	pcm_frames = s->process_data_blocks(s, buffer + 2, data_blocks, &syt);
-
-	if (s->flags & CIP_DBC_IS_END_EVENT)
-		s->data_block_counter =
-				(s->data_block_counter + data_blocks) & 0xff;
-
-	buffer[0] = cpu_to_be32(READ_ONCE(s->source_node_id_field) |
+	cip_header[0] = cpu_to_be32(READ_ONCE(s->source_node_id_field) |
 				(s->data_block_quadlets << CIP_DBS_SHIFT) |
 				((s->sph << CIP_SPH_SHIFT) & CIP_SPH_MASK) |
 				s->data_block_counter);
-	buffer[1] = cpu_to_be32(CIP_EOH |
-				((s->fmt << CIP_FMT_SHIFT) & CIP_FMT_MASK) |
-				((s->fdf << CIP_FDF_SHIFT) & CIP_FDF_MASK) |
-				(syt & CIP_SYT_MASK));
+	cip_header[1] = cpu_to_be32(CIP_EOH |
+			((s->fmt << CIP_FMT_SHIFT) & CIP_FMT_MASK) |
+			((s->ctx_data.rx.fdf << CIP_FDF_SHIFT) & CIP_FDF_MASK) |
+			(syt & CIP_SYT_MASK));
+}
 
-	if (!(s->flags & CIP_DBC_IS_END_EVENT))
+static void build_it_pkt_header(struct amdtp_stream *s, unsigned int cycle,
+				struct fw_iso_packet *params,
+				unsigned int data_blocks, unsigned int syt,
+				unsigned int index)
+{
+	__be32 *cip_header;
+
+	if (s->flags & CIP_DBC_IS_END_EVENT) {
 		s->data_block_counter =
 				(s->data_block_counter + data_blocks) & 0xff;
-	payload_length = 8 + data_blocks * 4 * s->data_block_quadlets;
+	}
 
-	trace_out_packet(s, cycle, buffer, payload_length, index);
+	if (!(s->flags & CIP_NO_HEADER)) {
+		cip_header = (__be32 *)params->header;
+		generate_cip_header(s, cip_header, syt);
+		params->header_length = 2 * sizeof(__be32);
+	} else {
+		cip_header = NULL;
+	}
 
-	if (queue_out_packet(s, payload_length) < 0)
-		return -EIO;
+	if (!(s->flags & CIP_DBC_IS_END_EVENT)) {
+		s->data_block_counter =
+				(s->data_block_counter + data_blocks) & 0xff;
+	}
 
-	pcm = READ_ONCE(s->pcm);
-	if (pcm && pcm_frames > 0)
-		update_pcm_pointers(s, pcm, pcm_frames);
+	params->payload_length =
+			data_blocks * sizeof(__be32) * s->data_block_quadlets;
 
-	/* No need to return the number of handled data blocks. */
-	return 0;
+	trace_amdtp_packet(s, cycle, cip_header, params->payload_length,
+			   data_blocks, index);
 }
 
-static int handle_out_packet_without_header(struct amdtp_stream *s,
-			unsigned int payload_length, unsigned int cycle,
-			unsigned int index)
+static int check_cip_header(struct amdtp_stream *s, const __be32 *buf,
+			    unsigned int payload_length,
+			    unsigned int *data_blocks, unsigned int *dbc,
+			    unsigned int *syt)
 {
-	__be32 *buffer;
-	unsigned int syt;
-	unsigned int data_blocks;
-	unsigned int pcm_frames;
-	struct snd_pcm_substream *pcm;
-
-	buffer = s->buffer.packets[s->packet_index].buffer;
-	syt = calculate_syt(s, cycle);
-	data_blocks = calculate_data_blocks(s, syt);
-	pcm_frames = s->process_data_blocks(s, buffer, data_blocks, &syt);
-	s->data_block_counter = (s->data_block_counter + data_blocks) & 0xff;
-
-	payload_length = data_blocks * 4 * s->data_block_quadlets;
-
-	trace_out_packet_without_header(s, cycle, payload_length, data_blocks,
-					index);
-
-	if (queue_out_packet(s, payload_length) < 0)
-		return -EIO;
-
-	pcm = READ_ONCE(s->pcm);
-	if (pcm && pcm_frames > 0)
-		update_pcm_pointers(s, pcm, pcm_frames);
-
-	/* No need to return the number of handled data blocks. */
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int handle_in_packet(struct amdtp_stream *s,
-			    unsigned int payload_length, unsigned int cycle,
-			    unsigned int index)
-{
-	__be32 *buffer;
 	u32 cip_header[2];
-	unsigned int sph, fmt, fdf, syt;
-	unsigned int data_block_quadlets, data_block_counter, dbc_interval;
-	unsigned int data_blocks;
-	struct snd_pcm_substream *pcm;
-	unsigned int pcm_frames;
+	unsigned int sph;
+	unsigned int fmt;
+	unsigned int fdf;
 	bool lost;
 
-	buffer = s->buffer.packets[s->packet_index].buffer;
-	cip_header[0] = be32_to_cpu(buffer[0]);
-	cip_header[1] = be32_to_cpu(buffer[1]);
-
-	trace_in_packet(s, cycle, cip_header, payload_length, index);
+	cip_header[0] = be32_to_cpu(buf[0]);
+	cip_header[1] = be32_to_cpu(buf[1]);
 
 	/*
 	 * This module supports 'Two-quadlet CIP header with SYT field'.
@@ -567,9 +541,7 @@ static int handle_in_packet(struct amdtp_stream *s,
 		dev_info_ratelimited(&s->unit->device,
 				"Invalid CIP header for AMDTP: %08X:%08X\n",
 				cip_header[0], cip_header[1]);
-		data_blocks = 0;
-		pcm_frames = 0;
-		goto end;
+		return -EAGAIN;
 	}
 
 	/* Check valid protocol or not. */
@@ -579,19 +551,17 @@ static int handle_in_packet(struct amdtp_stream *s,
 		dev_info_ratelimited(&s->unit->device,
 				     "Detect unexpected protocol: %08x %08x\n",
 				     cip_header[0], cip_header[1]);
-		data_blocks = 0;
-		pcm_frames = 0;
-		goto end;
+		return -EAGAIN;
 	}
 
 	/* Calculate data blocks */
 	fdf = (cip_header[1] & CIP_FDF_MASK) >> CIP_FDF_SHIFT;
-	if (payload_length < 12 ||
+	if (payload_length < sizeof(__be32) * 2 ||
 	    (fmt == CIP_FMT_AM && fdf == AMDTP_FDF_NO_DATA)) {
-		data_blocks = 0;
+		*data_blocks = 0;
 	} else {
-		data_block_quadlets =
-			(cip_header[0] & CIP_DBS_MASK) >> CIP_DBS_SHIFT;
+		unsigned int data_block_quadlets =
+				(cip_header[0] & CIP_DBS_MASK) >> CIP_DBS_SHIFT;
 		/* avoid division by zero */
 		if (data_block_quadlets == 0) {
 			dev_err(&s->unit->device,
@@ -602,95 +572,97 @@ static int handle_in_packet(struct amdtp_stream *s,
 		if (s->flags & CIP_WRONG_DBS)
 			data_block_quadlets = s->data_block_quadlets;
 
-		data_blocks = (payload_length / 4 - 2) /
+		*data_blocks = (payload_length / sizeof(__be32) - 2) /
 							data_block_quadlets;
 	}
 
 	/* Check data block counter continuity */
-	data_block_counter = cip_header[0] & CIP_DBC_MASK;
-	if (data_blocks == 0 && (s->flags & CIP_EMPTY_HAS_WRONG_DBC) &&
+	*dbc = cip_header[0] & CIP_DBC_MASK;
+	if (*data_blocks == 0 && (s->flags & CIP_EMPTY_HAS_WRONG_DBC) &&
 	    s->data_block_counter != UINT_MAX)
-		data_block_counter = s->data_block_counter;
+		*dbc = s->data_block_counter;
 
 	if (((s->flags & CIP_SKIP_DBC_ZERO_CHECK) &&
-	     data_block_counter == s->tx_first_dbc) ||
+	     *dbc == s->ctx_data.tx.first_dbc) ||
 	    s->data_block_counter == UINT_MAX) {
 		lost = false;
 	} else if (!(s->flags & CIP_DBC_IS_END_EVENT)) {
-		lost = data_block_counter != s->data_block_counter;
+		lost = *dbc != s->data_block_counter;
 	} else {
-		if (data_blocks > 0 && s->tx_dbc_interval > 0)
-			dbc_interval = s->tx_dbc_interval;
-		else
-			dbc_interval = data_blocks;
+		unsigned int dbc_interval;
 
-		lost = data_block_counter !=
-		       ((s->data_block_counter + dbc_interval) & 0xff);
+		if (*data_blocks > 0 && s->ctx_data.tx.dbc_interval > 0)
+			dbc_interval = s->ctx_data.tx.dbc_interval;
+		else
+			dbc_interval = *data_blocks;
+
+		lost = *dbc != ((s->data_block_counter + dbc_interval) & 0xff);
 	}
 
 	if (lost) {
 		dev_err(&s->unit->device,
 			"Detect discontinuity of CIP: %02X %02X\n",
-			s->data_block_counter, data_block_counter);
+			s->data_block_counter, *dbc);
 		return -EIO;
 	}
 
-	syt = be32_to_cpu(buffer[1]) & CIP_SYT_MASK;
-	pcm_frames = s->process_data_blocks(s, buffer + 2, data_blocks, &syt);
-
-	if (s->flags & CIP_DBC_IS_END_EVENT)
-		s->data_block_counter = data_block_counter;
-	else
-		s->data_block_counter =
-				(data_block_counter + data_blocks) & 0xff;
-end:
-	if (queue_in_packet(s) < 0)
-		return -EIO;
-
-	pcm = READ_ONCE(s->pcm);
-	if (pcm && pcm_frames > 0)
-		update_pcm_pointers(s, pcm, pcm_frames);
+	*syt = cip_header[1] & CIP_SYT_MASK;
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int handle_in_packet_without_header(struct amdtp_stream *s,
-			unsigned int payload_length, unsigned int cycle,
-			unsigned int index)
+static int parse_ir_ctx_header(struct amdtp_stream *s, unsigned int cycle,
+			       const __be32 *ctx_header,
+			       unsigned int *payload_length,
+			       unsigned int *data_blocks, unsigned int *dbc,
+			       unsigned int *syt, unsigned int index)
 {
-	__be32 *buffer;
-	unsigned int payload_quadlets;
-	unsigned int data_blocks;
-	struct snd_pcm_substream *pcm;
-	unsigned int pcm_frames;
+	const __be32 *cip_header;
+	int err;
 
-	buffer = s->buffer.packets[s->packet_index].buffer;
-	payload_quadlets = payload_length / 4;
-	data_blocks = payload_quadlets / s->data_block_quadlets;
-
-	trace_in_packet_without_header(s, cycle, payload_quadlets, data_blocks,
-				       index);
-
-	pcm_frames = s->process_data_blocks(s, buffer, data_blocks, NULL);
-	s->data_block_counter = (s->data_block_counter + data_blocks) & 0xff;
-
-	if (queue_in_packet(s) < 0)
+	*payload_length = be32_to_cpu(ctx_header[0]) >> ISO_DATA_LENGTH_SHIFT;
+	if (*payload_length > s->ctx_data.tx.ctx_header_size +
+					s->ctx_data.tx.max_ctx_payload_length) {
+		dev_err(&s->unit->device,
+			"Detect jumbo payload: %04x %04x\n",
+			*payload_length, s->ctx_data.tx.max_ctx_payload_length);
 		return -EIO;
+	}
 
-	pcm = READ_ONCE(s->pcm);
-	if (pcm && pcm_frames > 0)
-		update_pcm_pointers(s, pcm, pcm_frames);
+	if (!(s->flags & CIP_NO_HEADER)) {
+		cip_header = ctx_header + 2;
+		err = check_cip_header(s, cip_header, *payload_length,
+				       data_blocks, dbc, syt);
+		if (err < 0) {
+			if (err != -EAGAIN)
+				return err;
 
-	return 0;
+			*data_blocks = 0;
+		}
+	} else {
+		cip_header = NULL;
+		err = 0;
+		*data_blocks = *payload_length / sizeof(__be32) /
+			       s->data_block_quadlets;
+		*dbc = s->data_block_counter;
+		*syt = 0;
+	}
+
+	if (err >= 0 && s->flags & CIP_DBC_IS_END_EVENT)
+		s->data_block_counter = *dbc;
+
+	trace_amdtp_packet(s, cycle, cip_header, *payload_length, *data_blocks,
+			   index);
+
+	return err;
 }
 
-/*
- * In CYCLE_TIMER register of IEEE 1394, 7 bits are used to represent second. On
- * the other hand, in DMA descriptors of 1394 OHCI, 3 bits are used to represent
- * it. Thus, via Linux firewire subsystem, we can get the 3 bits for second.
- */
-static inline u32 compute_cycle_count(u32 tstamp)
+// In CYCLE_TIMER register of IEEE 1394, 7 bits are used to represent second. On
+// the other hand, in DMA descriptors of 1394 OHCI, 3 bits are used to represent
+// it. Thus, via Linux firewire subsystem, we can get the 3 bits for second.
+static inline u32 compute_cycle_count(__be32 ctx_header_tstamp)
 {
+	u32 tstamp = be32_to_cpu(ctx_header_tstamp) & HEADER_TSTAMP_MASK;
 	return (((tstamp >> 13) & 0x07) * 8000) + (tstamp & 0x1fff);
 }
 
@@ -702,31 +674,66 @@ static inline u32 increment_cycle_count(u32 cycle, unsigned int addend)
 	return cycle;
 }
 
+// Align to actual cycle count for the packet which is going to be scheduled.
+// This module queued the same number of isochronous cycle as QUEUE_LENGTH to
+// skip isochronous cycle, therefore it's OK to just increment the cycle by
+// QUEUE_LENGTH for scheduled cycle.
+static inline u32 compute_it_cycle(const __be32 ctx_header_tstamp)
+{
+	u32 cycle = compute_cycle_count(ctx_header_tstamp);
+	return increment_cycle_count(cycle, QUEUE_LENGTH);
+}
+
+static inline void cancel_stream(struct amdtp_stream *s)
+{
+	s->packet_index = -1;
+	if (in_interrupt())
+		amdtp_stream_pcm_abort(s);
+	WRITE_ONCE(s->pcm_buffer_pointer, SNDRV_PCM_POS_XRUN);
+}
+
 static void out_stream_callback(struct fw_iso_context *context, u32 tstamp,
 				size_t header_length, void *header,
 				void *private_data)
 {
 	struct amdtp_stream *s = private_data;
-	unsigned int i, packets = header_length / 4;
-	u32 cycle;
+	const __be32 *ctx_header = header;
+	unsigned int i, packets = header_length / sizeof(*ctx_header);
 
 	if (s->packet_index < 0)
 		return;
 
-	cycle = compute_cycle_count(tstamp);
-
-	/* Align to actual cycle count for the last packet. */
-	cycle = increment_cycle_count(cycle, QUEUE_LENGTH - packets);
-
 	for (i = 0; i < packets; ++i) {
-		cycle = increment_cycle_count(cycle, 1);
-		if (s->handle_packet(s, 0, cycle, i) < 0) {
-			s->packet_index = -1;
-			if (in_interrupt())
-				amdtp_stream_pcm_abort(s);
-			WRITE_ONCE(s->pcm_buffer_pointer, SNDRV_PCM_POS_XRUN);
+		u32 cycle;
+		unsigned int syt;
+		unsigned int data_block;
+		__be32 *buffer;
+		unsigned int pcm_frames;
+		struct {
+			struct fw_iso_packet params;
+			__be32 header[IT_PKT_HEADER_SIZE_CIP / sizeof(__be32)];
+		} template = { {0}, {0} };
+		struct snd_pcm_substream *pcm;
+
+		cycle = compute_it_cycle(*ctx_header);
+		syt = calculate_syt(s, cycle);
+		data_block = calculate_data_blocks(s, syt);
+		buffer = s->buffer.packets[s->packet_index].buffer;
+		pcm_frames = s->process_data_blocks(s, buffer, data_block, &syt);
+
+		build_it_pkt_header(s, cycle, &template.params, data_block, syt,
+				    i);
+
+		if (queue_out_packet(s, &template.params) < 0) {
+			cancel_stream(s);
 			return;
 		}
+
+		pcm = READ_ONCE(s->pcm);
+		if (pcm && pcm_frames > 0)
+			update_pcm_pointers(s, pcm, pcm_frames);
+
+		++ctx_header;
 	}
 
 	fw_iso_context_queue_flush(s->context);
@@ -738,46 +745,56 @@ static void in_stream_callback(struct fw_iso_context *context, u32 tstamp,
 {
 	struct amdtp_stream *s = private_data;
 	unsigned int i, packets;
-	unsigned int payload_length, max_payload_length;
 	__be32 *ctx_header = header;
 
 	if (s->packet_index < 0)
 		return;
 
-	/* The number of packets in buffer */
-	packets = header_length / IR_HEADER_SIZE;
-
-	/* For buffer-over-run prevention. */
-	max_payload_length = s->max_payload_length;
+	// The number of packets in buffer.
+	packets = header_length / s->ctx_data.tx.ctx_header_size;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < packets; i++) {
-		u32 iso_header = be32_to_cpu(ctx_header[0]);
-		unsigned int cycle;
+		u32 cycle;
+		unsigned int payload_length;
+		unsigned int data_blocks;
+		unsigned int dbc;
+		unsigned int syt;
+		__be32 *buffer;
+		unsigned int pcm_frames = 0;
+		struct fw_iso_packet params = {0};
+		struct snd_pcm_substream *pcm;
+		int err;
 
-		tstamp = be32_to_cpu(ctx_header[1]) & HEADER_TSTAMP_MASK;
-		cycle = compute_cycle_count(tstamp);
-
-		/* The number of bytes in this packet */
-		payload_length = iso_header >> ISO_DATA_LENGTH_SHIFT;
-		if (payload_length > max_payload_length) {
-			dev_err(&s->unit->device,
-				"Detect jumbo payload: %04x %04x\n",
-				payload_length, max_payload_length);
+		cycle = compute_cycle_count(ctx_header[1]);
+		err = parse_ir_ctx_header(s, cycle, ctx_header, &payload_length,
+					  &data_blocks, &dbc, &syt, i);
+		if (err < 0 && err != -EAGAIN)
 			break;
+
+		if (err >= 0) {
+			buffer = s->buffer.packets[s->packet_index].buffer;
+			pcm_frames = s->process_data_blocks(s, buffer,
+							    data_blocks, &syt);
+
+			if (!(s->flags & CIP_DBC_IS_END_EVENT)) {
+				s->data_block_counter =
+						(dbc + data_blocks) & 0xff;
+			}
 		}
 
-		if (s->handle_packet(s, payload_length, cycle, i) < 0)
+		if (queue_in_packet(s, &params) < 0)
 			break;
 
-		ctx_header += IR_HEADER_SIZE / sizeof(__be32);
+		pcm = READ_ONCE(s->pcm);
+		if (pcm && pcm_frames > 0)
+			update_pcm_pointers(s, pcm, pcm_frames);
+
+		ctx_header += s->ctx_data.tx.ctx_header_size / sizeof(*ctx_header);
 	}
 
 	/* Queueing error or detecting invalid payload. */
 	if (i < packets) {
-		s->packet_index = -1;
-		if (in_interrupt())
-			amdtp_stream_pcm_abort(s);
-		WRITE_ONCE(s->pcm_buffer_pointer, SNDRV_PCM_POS_XRUN);
+		cancel_stream(s);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -790,9 +807,8 @@ static void amdtp_stream_first_callback(struct fw_iso_context *context,
 					void *header, void *private_data)
 {
 	struct amdtp_stream *s = private_data;
-	__be32 *ctx_header = header;
+	const __be32 *ctx_header = header;
 	u32 cycle;
-	unsigned int packets;
 
 	/*
 	 * For in-stream, first packet has come.
@@ -802,23 +818,13 @@ static void amdtp_stream_first_callback(struct fw_iso_context *context,
 	wake_up(&s->callback_wait);
 
 	if (s->direction == AMDTP_IN_STREAM) {
-		tstamp = be32_to_cpu(ctx_header[1]) & HEADER_TSTAMP_MASK;
-		cycle = compute_cycle_count(tstamp);
+		cycle = compute_cycle_count(ctx_header[1]);
 
 		context->callback.sc = in_stream_callback;
-		if (s->flags & CIP_NO_HEADER)
-			s->handle_packet = handle_in_packet_without_header;
-		else
-			s->handle_packet = handle_in_packet;
 	} else {
-		packets = header_length / 4;
-		cycle = compute_cycle_count(tstamp);
-		cycle = increment_cycle_count(cycle, QUEUE_LENGTH - packets);
+		cycle = compute_it_cycle(*ctx_header);
+
 		context->callback.sc = out_stream_callback;
-		if (s->flags & CIP_NO_HEADER)
-			s->handle_packet = handle_out_packet_without_header;
-		else
-			s->handle_packet = handle_out_packet;
 	}
 
 	s->start_cycle = cycle;
@@ -841,7 +847,7 @@ int amdtp_stream_start(struct amdtp_stream *s, int channel, int speed)
 	static const struct {
 		unsigned int data_block;
 		unsigned int syt_offset;
-	} initial_state[] = {
+	} *entry, initial_state[] = {
 		[CIP_SFC_32000]  = {  4, 3072 },
 		[CIP_SFC_48000]  = {  6, 1024 },
 		[CIP_SFC_96000]  = { 12, 1024 },
@@ -850,7 +856,8 @@ int amdtp_stream_start(struct amdtp_stream *s, int channel, int speed)
 		[CIP_SFC_88200]  = {  0,   67 },
 		[CIP_SFC_176400] = {  0,   67 },
 	};
-	unsigned int header_size;
+	unsigned int ctx_header_size;
+	unsigned int max_ctx_payload_size;
 	enum dma_data_direction dir;
 	int type, tag, err;
 
@@ -862,32 +869,46 @@ int amdtp_stream_start(struct amdtp_stream *s, int channel, int speed)
 		goto err_unlock;
 	}
 
-	if (s->direction == AMDTP_IN_STREAM)
+	if (s->direction == AMDTP_IN_STREAM) {
 		s->data_block_counter = UINT_MAX;
-	else
+	} else {
+		entry = &initial_state[s->sfc];
+
 		s->data_block_counter = 0;
-	s->data_block_state = initial_state[s->sfc].data_block;
-	s->syt_offset_state = initial_state[s->sfc].syt_offset;
-	s->last_syt_offset = TICKS_PER_CYCLE;
+		s->ctx_data.rx.data_block_state = entry->data_block;
+		s->ctx_data.rx.syt_offset_state = entry->syt_offset;
+		s->ctx_data.rx.last_syt_offset = TICKS_PER_CYCLE;
+	}
 
 	/* initialize packet buffer */
 	if (s->direction == AMDTP_IN_STREAM) {
 		dir = DMA_FROM_DEVICE;
 		type = FW_ISO_CONTEXT_RECEIVE;
-		header_size = IR_HEADER_SIZE;
+		if (!(s->flags & CIP_NO_HEADER))
+			ctx_header_size = IR_CTX_HEADER_SIZE_CIP;
+		else
+			ctx_header_size = IR_CTX_HEADER_SIZE_NO_CIP;
+
+		max_ctx_payload_size = amdtp_stream_get_max_payload(s) -
+				       ctx_header_size;
 	} else {
 		dir = DMA_TO_DEVICE;
 		type = FW_ISO_CONTEXT_TRANSMIT;
-		header_size = OUT_PACKET_HEADER_SIZE;
+		ctx_header_size = 0;	// No effect for IT context.
+
+		max_ctx_payload_size = amdtp_stream_get_max_payload(s);
+		if (!(s->flags & CIP_NO_HEADER))
+			max_ctx_payload_size -= IT_PKT_HEADER_SIZE_CIP;
 	}
+
 	err = iso_packets_buffer_init(&s->buffer, s->unit, QUEUE_LENGTH,
-				      amdtp_stream_get_max_payload(s), dir);
+				      max_ctx_payload_size, dir);
 	if (err < 0)
 		goto err_unlock;
 
 	s->context = fw_iso_context_create(fw_parent_device(s->unit)->card,
-					   type, channel, speed, header_size,
-					   amdtp_stream_first_callback, s);
+					  type, channel, speed, ctx_header_size,
+					  amdtp_stream_first_callback, s);
 	if (IS_ERR(s->context)) {
 		err = PTR_ERR(s->context);
 		if (err == -EBUSY)
@@ -898,8 +919,10 @@ int amdtp_stream_start(struct amdtp_stream *s, int channel, int speed)
 
 	amdtp_stream_update(s);
 
-	if (s->direction == AMDTP_IN_STREAM)
-		s->max_payload_length = amdtp_stream_get_max_payload(s);
+	if (s->direction == AMDTP_IN_STREAM) {
+		s->ctx_data.tx.max_ctx_payload_length = max_ctx_payload_size;
+		s->ctx_data.tx.ctx_header_size = ctx_header_size;
+	}
 
 	if (s->flags & CIP_NO_HEADER)
 		s->tag = TAG_NO_CIP_HEADER;
@@ -908,10 +931,14 @@ int amdtp_stream_start(struct amdtp_stream *s, int channel, int speed)
 
 	s->packet_index = 0;
 	do {
-		if (s->direction == AMDTP_IN_STREAM)
-			err = queue_in_packet(s);
-		else
-			err = queue_out_packet(s, 0);
+		struct fw_iso_packet params;
+		if (s->direction == AMDTP_IN_STREAM) {
+			err = queue_in_packet(s, &params);
+		} else {
+			params.header_length = 0;
+			params.payload_length = 0;
+			err = queue_out_packet(s, &params);
+		}
 		if (err < 0)
 			goto err_context;
 	} while (s->packet_index > 0);
diff --git a/sound/firewire/amdtp-stream.h b/sound/firewire/amdtp-stream.h
index e45de3e..3942894 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/amdtp-stream.h
+++ b/sound/firewire/amdtp-stream.h
@@ -108,10 +108,31 @@ struct amdtp_stream {
 	struct iso_packets_buffer buffer;
 	int packet_index;
 	int tag;
-	int (*handle_packet)(struct amdtp_stream *s,
-			unsigned int payload_quadlets, unsigned int cycle,
-			unsigned int index);
-	unsigned int max_payload_length;
+	union {
+		struct {
+			unsigned int ctx_header_size;
+
+			// limit for payload of iso packet.
+			unsigned int max_ctx_payload_length;
+
+			// For quirks of CIP headers.
+			// Fixed interval of dbc between previos/current
+			// packets.
+			unsigned int dbc_interval;
+			// Indicate the value of dbc field in a first packet.
+			unsigned int first_dbc;
+		} tx;
+		struct {
+			// To calculate CIP data blocks and tstamp.
+			unsigned int transfer_delay;
+			unsigned int data_block_state;
+			unsigned int last_syt_offset;
+			unsigned int syt_offset_state;
+
+			// To generate CIP header.
+			unsigned int fdf;
+		} rx;
+	} ctx_data;
 
 	/* For CIP headers. */
 	unsigned int source_node_id_field;
@@ -119,19 +140,10 @@ struct amdtp_stream {
 	unsigned int data_block_counter;
 	unsigned int sph;
 	unsigned int fmt;
-	unsigned int fdf;
-	/* quirk: fixed interval of dbc between previos/current packets. */
-	unsigned int tx_dbc_interval;
-	/* quirk: indicate the value of dbc field in a first packet. */
-	unsigned int tx_first_dbc;
 
 	/* Internal flags. */
 	enum cip_sfc sfc;
 	unsigned int syt_interval;
-	unsigned int transfer_delay;
-	unsigned int data_block_state;
-	unsigned int last_syt_offset;
-	unsigned int syt_offset_state;
 
 	/* For a PCM substream processing. */
 	struct snd_pcm_substream *pcm;
diff --git a/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob.h b/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob.h
index af71dac..9e0b689 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob.h
+++ b/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob.h
@@ -92,8 +92,6 @@ struct snd_bebob {
 	unsigned int midi_input_ports;
 	unsigned int midi_output_ports;
 
-	bool connected;
-
 	struct amdtp_stream tx_stream;
 	struct amdtp_stream rx_stream;
 	struct cmp_connection out_conn;
@@ -217,7 +215,8 @@ int snd_bebob_stream_get_clock_src(struct snd_bebob *bebob,
 				   enum snd_bebob_clock_type *src);
 int snd_bebob_stream_discover(struct snd_bebob *bebob);
 int snd_bebob_stream_init_duplex(struct snd_bebob *bebob);
-int snd_bebob_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_bebob *bebob, unsigned int rate);
+int snd_bebob_stream_reserve_duplex(struct snd_bebob *bebob, unsigned int rate);
+int snd_bebob_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_bebob *bebob);
 void snd_bebob_stream_stop_duplex(struct snd_bebob *bebob);
 void snd_bebob_stream_destroy_duplex(struct snd_bebob *bebob);
 
diff --git a/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob_midi.c b/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob_midi.c
index c54ac42..4d8805f 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob_midi.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob_midi.c
@@ -7,58 +7,31 @@
 
 #include "bebob.h"
 
-static int midi_capture_open(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream)
+static int midi_open(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream)
 {
 	struct snd_bebob *bebob = substream->rmidi->private_data;
 	int err;
 
 	err = snd_bebob_stream_lock_try(bebob);
 	if (err < 0)
-		goto end;
+		return err;
 
 	mutex_lock(&bebob->mutex);
-	bebob->substreams_counter++;
-	err = snd_bebob_stream_start_duplex(bebob, 0);
+	err = snd_bebob_stream_reserve_duplex(bebob, 0);
+	if (err >= 0) {
+		++bebob->substreams_counter;
+		err = snd_bebob_stream_start_duplex(bebob);
+		if (err < 0)
+			--bebob->substreams_counter;
+	}
 	mutex_unlock(&bebob->mutex);
 	if (err < 0)
 		snd_bebob_stream_lock_release(bebob);
-end:
+
 	return err;
 }
 
-static int midi_playback_open(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream)
-{
-	struct snd_bebob *bebob = substream->rmidi->private_data;
-	int err;
-
-	err = snd_bebob_stream_lock_try(bebob);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto end;
-
-	mutex_lock(&bebob->mutex);
-	bebob->substreams_counter++;
-	err = snd_bebob_stream_start_duplex(bebob, 0);
-	mutex_unlock(&bebob->mutex);
-	if (err < 0)
-		snd_bebob_stream_lock_release(bebob);
-end:
-	return err;
-}
-
-static int midi_capture_close(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream)
-{
-	struct snd_bebob *bebob = substream->rmidi->private_data;
-
-	mutex_lock(&bebob->mutex);
-	bebob->substreams_counter--;
-	snd_bebob_stream_stop_duplex(bebob);
-	mutex_unlock(&bebob->mutex);
-
-	snd_bebob_stream_lock_release(bebob);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int midi_playback_close(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream)
+static int midi_close(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream)
 {
 	struct snd_bebob *bebob = substream->rmidi->private_data;
 
@@ -120,13 +93,13 @@ static void set_midi_substream_names(struct snd_bebob *bebob,
 int snd_bebob_create_midi_devices(struct snd_bebob *bebob)
 {
 	static const struct snd_rawmidi_ops capture_ops = {
-		.open		= midi_capture_open,
-		.close		= midi_capture_close,
+		.open		= midi_open,
+		.close		= midi_close,
 		.trigger	= midi_capture_trigger,
 	};
 	static const struct snd_rawmidi_ops playback_ops = {
-		.open		= midi_playback_open,
-		.close		= midi_playback_close,
+		.open		= midi_open,
+		.close		= midi_close,
 		.trigger	= midi_playback_trigger,
 	};
 	struct snd_rawmidi *rmidi;
diff --git a/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob_pcm.c b/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob_pcm.c
index 2f50ec7..0fb9eed 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob_pcm.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob_pcm.c
@@ -184,9 +184,8 @@ pcm_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int
-pcm_capture_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
-		      struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params)
+static int pcm_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+			 struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params)
 {
 	struct snd_bebob *bebob = substream->private_data;
 	int err;
@@ -197,61 +196,30 @@ pcm_capture_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 		return err;
 
 	if (substream->runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN) {
+		unsigned int rate = params_rate(hw_params);
+
 		mutex_lock(&bebob->mutex);
-		bebob->substreams_counter++;
+		err = snd_bebob_stream_reserve_duplex(bebob, rate);
+		if (err >= 0)
+			++bebob->substreams_counter;
 		mutex_unlock(&bebob->mutex);
 	}
 
-	return 0;
-}
-static int
-pcm_playback_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
-		       struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params)
-{
-	struct snd_bebob *bebob = substream->private_data;
-	int err;
-
-	err = snd_pcm_lib_alloc_vmalloc_buffer(substream,
-					       params_buffer_bytes(hw_params));
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	if (substream->runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN) {
-		mutex_lock(&bebob->mutex);
-		bebob->substreams_counter++;
-		mutex_unlock(&bebob->mutex);
-	}
-
-	return 0;
+	return err;
 }
 
-static int
-pcm_capture_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+static int pcm_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 {
 	struct snd_bebob *bebob = substream->private_data;
 
-	if (substream->runtime->status->state != SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN) {
-		mutex_lock(&bebob->mutex);
+	mutex_lock(&bebob->mutex);
+
+	if (substream->runtime->status->state != SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN)
 		bebob->substreams_counter--;
-		mutex_unlock(&bebob->mutex);
-	}
 
 	snd_bebob_stream_stop_duplex(bebob);
 
-	return snd_pcm_lib_free_vmalloc_buffer(substream);
-}
-static int
-pcm_playback_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
-{
-	struct snd_bebob *bebob = substream->private_data;
-
-	if (substream->runtime->status->state != SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN) {
-		mutex_lock(&bebob->mutex);
-		bebob->substreams_counter--;
-		mutex_unlock(&bebob->mutex);
-	}
-
-	snd_bebob_stream_stop_duplex(bebob);
+	mutex_unlock(&bebob->mutex);
 
 	return snd_pcm_lib_free_vmalloc_buffer(substream);
 }
@@ -260,10 +228,9 @@ static int
 pcm_capture_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 {
 	struct snd_bebob *bebob = substream->private_data;
-	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
 	int err;
 
-	err = snd_bebob_stream_start_duplex(bebob, runtime->rate);
+	err = snd_bebob_stream_start_duplex(bebob);
 	if (err >= 0)
 		amdtp_stream_pcm_prepare(&bebob->tx_stream);
 
@@ -273,10 +240,9 @@ static int
 pcm_playback_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 {
 	struct snd_bebob *bebob = substream->private_data;
-	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
 	int err;
 
-	err = snd_bebob_stream_start_duplex(bebob, runtime->rate);
+	err = snd_bebob_stream_start_duplex(bebob);
 	if (err >= 0)
 		amdtp_stream_pcm_prepare(&bebob->rx_stream);
 
@@ -353,8 +319,8 @@ int snd_bebob_create_pcm_devices(struct snd_bebob *bebob)
 		.open		= pcm_open,
 		.close		= pcm_close,
 		.ioctl		= snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
-		.hw_params	= pcm_capture_hw_params,
-		.hw_free	= pcm_capture_hw_free,
+		.hw_params	= pcm_hw_params,
+		.hw_free	= pcm_hw_free,
 		.prepare	= pcm_capture_prepare,
 		.trigger	= pcm_capture_trigger,
 		.pointer	= pcm_capture_pointer,
@@ -365,8 +331,8 @@ int snd_bebob_create_pcm_devices(struct snd_bebob *bebob)
 		.open		= pcm_open,
 		.close		= pcm_close,
 		.ioctl		= snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
-		.hw_params	= pcm_playback_hw_params,
-		.hw_free	= pcm_playback_hw_free,
+		.hw_params	= pcm_hw_params,
+		.hw_free	= pcm_hw_free,
 		.prepare	= pcm_playback_prepare,
 		.trigger	= pcm_playback_trigger,
 		.pointer	= pcm_playback_pointer,
diff --git a/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob_stream.c b/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob_stream.c
index 0c93a82..334dc7c 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob_stream.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob_stream.c
@@ -376,24 +376,6 @@ map_data_channels(struct snd_bebob *bebob, struct amdtp_stream *s)
 }
 
 static int
-init_both_connections(struct snd_bebob *bebob)
-{
-	int err;
-
-	err = cmp_connection_init(&bebob->in_conn,
-				  bebob->unit, CMP_INPUT, 0);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto end;
-
-	err = cmp_connection_init(&bebob->out_conn,
-				  bebob->unit, CMP_OUTPUT, 0);
-	if (err < 0)
-		cmp_connection_destroy(&bebob->in_conn);
-end:
-	return err;
-}
-
-static int
 check_connection_used_by_others(struct snd_bebob *bebob, struct amdtp_stream *s)
 {
 	struct cmp_connection *conn;
@@ -417,49 +399,21 @@ check_connection_used_by_others(struct snd_bebob *bebob, struct amdtp_stream *s)
 	return err;
 }
 
-static int
-make_both_connections(struct snd_bebob *bebob, unsigned int rate)
+static int make_both_connections(struct snd_bebob *bebob)
 {
-	int index, pcm_channels, midi_channels, err = 0;
+	int err = 0;
 
-	if (bebob->connected)
-		goto end;
+	err = cmp_connection_establish(&bebob->out_conn);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
-	/* confirm params for both streams */
-	err = get_formation_index(rate, &index);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto end;
-	pcm_channels = bebob->tx_stream_formations[index].pcm;
-	midi_channels = bebob->tx_stream_formations[index].midi;
-	err = amdtp_am824_set_parameters(&bebob->tx_stream, rate,
-					 pcm_channels, midi_channels * 8,
-					 false);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto end;
-
-	pcm_channels = bebob->rx_stream_formations[index].pcm;
-	midi_channels = bebob->rx_stream_formations[index].midi;
-	err = amdtp_am824_set_parameters(&bebob->rx_stream, rate,
-					 pcm_channels, midi_channels * 8,
-					 false);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto end;
-
-	/* establish connections for both streams */
-	err = cmp_connection_establish(&bebob->out_conn,
-			amdtp_stream_get_max_payload(&bebob->tx_stream));
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto end;
-	err = cmp_connection_establish(&bebob->in_conn,
-			amdtp_stream_get_max_payload(&bebob->rx_stream));
+	err = cmp_connection_establish(&bebob->in_conn);
 	if (err < 0) {
 		cmp_connection_break(&bebob->out_conn);
-		goto end;
+		return err;
 	}
 
-	bebob->connected = true;
-end:
-	return err;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static void
@@ -468,23 +422,13 @@ break_both_connections(struct snd_bebob *bebob)
 	cmp_connection_break(&bebob->in_conn);
 	cmp_connection_break(&bebob->out_conn);
 
-	bebob->connected = false;
-
 	/* These models seems to be in transition state for a longer time. */
 	if (bebob->maudio_special_quirk != NULL)
 		msleep(200);
 }
 
-static void
-destroy_both_connections(struct snd_bebob *bebob)
-{
-	cmp_connection_destroy(&bebob->in_conn);
-	cmp_connection_destroy(&bebob->out_conn);
-}
-
 static int
-start_stream(struct snd_bebob *bebob, struct amdtp_stream *stream,
-	     unsigned int rate)
+start_stream(struct snd_bebob *bebob, struct amdtp_stream *stream)
 {
 	struct cmp_connection *conn;
 	int err = 0;
@@ -509,190 +453,252 @@ start_stream(struct snd_bebob *bebob, struct amdtp_stream *stream,
 	return err;
 }
 
+static int init_stream(struct snd_bebob *bebob, struct amdtp_stream *stream)
+{
+	enum amdtp_stream_direction dir_stream;
+	struct cmp_connection *conn;
+	enum cmp_direction dir_conn;
+	int err;
+
+	if (stream == &bebob->tx_stream) {
+		dir_stream = AMDTP_IN_STREAM;
+		conn = &bebob->out_conn;
+		dir_conn = CMP_OUTPUT;
+	} else {
+		dir_stream = AMDTP_OUT_STREAM;
+		conn = &bebob->in_conn;
+		dir_conn = CMP_INPUT;
+	}
+
+	err = cmp_connection_init(conn, bebob->unit, dir_conn, 0);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	err = amdtp_am824_init(stream, bebob->unit, dir_stream, CIP_BLOCKING);
+	if (err < 0) {
+		cmp_connection_destroy(conn);
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	if (stream == &bebob->tx_stream) {
+		// BeBoB v3 transfers packets with these qurks:
+		//  - In the beginning of streaming, the value of dbc is
+		//    incremented even if no data blocks are transferred.
+		//  - The value of dbc is reset suddenly.
+		if (bebob->version > 2)
+			bebob->tx_stream.flags |= CIP_EMPTY_HAS_WRONG_DBC |
+						  CIP_SKIP_DBC_ZERO_CHECK;
+
+		// At high sampling rate, M-Audio special firmware transmits
+		// empty packet with the value of dbc incremented by 8 but the
+		// others are valid to IEC 61883-1.
+		if (bebob->maudio_special_quirk)
+			bebob->tx_stream.flags |= CIP_EMPTY_HAS_WRONG_DBC;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void destroy_stream(struct snd_bebob *bebob, struct amdtp_stream *stream)
+{
+	amdtp_stream_destroy(stream);
+
+	if (stream == &bebob->tx_stream)
+		cmp_connection_destroy(&bebob->out_conn);
+	else
+		cmp_connection_destroy(&bebob->in_conn);
+}
+
 int snd_bebob_stream_init_duplex(struct snd_bebob *bebob)
 {
 	int err;
 
-	err = init_both_connections(bebob);
+	err = init_stream(bebob, &bebob->tx_stream);
 	if (err < 0)
-		goto end;
+		return err;
 
-	err = amdtp_am824_init(&bebob->tx_stream, bebob->unit,
-			       AMDTP_IN_STREAM, CIP_BLOCKING);
+	err = init_stream(bebob, &bebob->rx_stream);
 	if (err < 0) {
-		amdtp_stream_destroy(&bebob->tx_stream);
-		destroy_both_connections(bebob);
-		goto end;
+		destroy_stream(bebob, &bebob->tx_stream);
+		return err;
 	}
 
-	/*
-	 * BeBoB v3 transfers packets with these qurks:
-	 *  - In the beginning of streaming, the value of dbc is incremented
-	 *    even if no data blocks are transferred.
-	 *  - The value of dbc is reset suddenly.
-	 */
-	if (bebob->version > 2)
-		bebob->tx_stream.flags |= CIP_EMPTY_HAS_WRONG_DBC |
-					  CIP_SKIP_DBC_ZERO_CHECK;
-
-	/*
-	 * At high sampling rate, M-Audio special firmware transmits empty
-	 * packet with the value of dbc incremented by 8 but the others are
-	 * valid to IEC 61883-1.
-	 */
-	if (bebob->maudio_special_quirk)
-		bebob->tx_stream.flags |= CIP_EMPTY_HAS_WRONG_DBC;
-
-	err = amdtp_am824_init(&bebob->rx_stream, bebob->unit,
-			       AMDTP_OUT_STREAM, CIP_BLOCKING);
-	if (err < 0) {
-		amdtp_stream_destroy(&bebob->tx_stream);
-		amdtp_stream_destroy(&bebob->rx_stream);
-		destroy_both_connections(bebob);
-	}
-end:
-	return err;
+	return 0;
 }
 
-int snd_bebob_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_bebob *bebob, unsigned int rate)
+static int keep_resources(struct snd_bebob *bebob, struct amdtp_stream *stream,
+			  unsigned int rate, unsigned int index)
 {
-	const struct snd_bebob_rate_spec *rate_spec = bebob->spec->rate;
+	struct snd_bebob_stream_formation *formation;
+	struct cmp_connection *conn;
+	int err;
+
+	if (stream == &bebob->tx_stream) {
+		formation = bebob->tx_stream_formations + index;
+		conn = &bebob->out_conn;
+	} else {
+		formation = bebob->rx_stream_formations + index;
+		conn = &bebob->in_conn;
+	}
+
+	err = amdtp_am824_set_parameters(stream, rate, formation->pcm,
+					 formation->midi, false);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	return cmp_connection_reserve(conn, amdtp_stream_get_max_payload(stream));
+}
+
+int snd_bebob_stream_reserve_duplex(struct snd_bebob *bebob, unsigned int rate)
+{
 	unsigned int curr_rate;
-	int err = 0;
+	int err;
 
-	/* Need no substreams */
-	if (bebob->substreams_counter == 0)
-		goto end;
-
-	/*
-	 * Considering JACK/FFADO streaming:
-	 * TODO: This can be removed hwdep functionality becomes popular.
-	 */
+	// Considering JACK/FFADO streaming:
+	// TODO: This can be removed hwdep functionality becomes popular.
 	err = check_connection_used_by_others(bebob, &bebob->rx_stream);
 	if (err < 0)
-		goto end;
+		return err;
 
-	/*
-	 * packet queueing error or detecting discontinuity
-	 *
-	 * At bus reset, connections should not be broken here. So streams need
-	 * to be re-started. This is a reason to use SKIP_INIT_DBC_CHECK flag.
-	 */
-	if (amdtp_streaming_error(&bebob->rx_stream))
-		amdtp_stream_stop(&bebob->rx_stream);
-	if (amdtp_streaming_error(&bebob->tx_stream))
-		amdtp_stream_stop(&bebob->tx_stream);
-	if (!amdtp_stream_running(&bebob->rx_stream) &&
-	    !amdtp_stream_running(&bebob->tx_stream))
-		break_both_connections(bebob);
-
-	/* stop streams if rate is different */
-	err = rate_spec->get(bebob, &curr_rate);
-	if (err < 0) {
-		dev_err(&bebob->unit->device,
-			"fail to get sampling rate: %d\n", err);
-		goto end;
-	}
+	err = bebob->spec->rate->get(bebob, &curr_rate);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	if (rate == 0)
 		rate = curr_rate;
-	if (rate != curr_rate) {
+	if (curr_rate != rate) {
+		amdtp_stream_stop(&bebob->tx_stream);
+		amdtp_stream_stop(&bebob->rx_stream);
+
+		break_both_connections(bebob);
+
+		cmp_connection_release(&bebob->out_conn);
+		cmp_connection_release(&bebob->in_conn);
+	}
+
+	if (bebob->substreams_counter == 0 || curr_rate != rate) {
+		unsigned int index;
+
+		// NOTE:
+		// If establishing connections at first, Yamaha GO46
+		// (and maybe Terratec X24) don't generate sound.
+		//
+		// For firmware customized by M-Audio, refer to next NOTE.
+		err = bebob->spec->rate->set(bebob, rate);
+		if (err < 0) {
+			dev_err(&bebob->unit->device,
+				"fail to set sampling rate: %d\n",
+				err);
+			return err;
+		}
+
+		err = get_formation_index(rate, &index);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+
+		err = keep_resources(bebob, &bebob->tx_stream, rate, index);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+
+		err = keep_resources(bebob, &bebob->rx_stream, rate, index);
+		if (err < 0) {
+			cmp_connection_release(&bebob->out_conn);
+			return err;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int snd_bebob_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_bebob *bebob)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	// Need no substreams.
+	if (bebob->substreams_counter == 0)
+		return -EIO;
+
+	// packet queueing error or detecting discontinuity
+	if (amdtp_streaming_error(&bebob->rx_stream) ||
+	    amdtp_streaming_error(&bebob->tx_stream)) {
 		amdtp_stream_stop(&bebob->rx_stream);
 		amdtp_stream_stop(&bebob->tx_stream);
+
 		break_both_connections(bebob);
 	}
 
-	/* master should be always running */
 	if (!amdtp_stream_running(&bebob->rx_stream)) {
-		/*
-		 * NOTE:
-		 * If establishing connections at first, Yamaha GO46
-		 * (and maybe Terratec X24) don't generate sound.
-		 *
-		 * For firmware customized by M-Audio, refer to next NOTE.
-		 */
-		if (bebob->maudio_special_quirk == NULL) {
-			err = rate_spec->set(bebob, rate);
-			if (err < 0) {
-				dev_err(&bebob->unit->device,
-					"fail to set sampling rate: %d\n",
-					err);
-				goto end;
-			}
+		unsigned int curr_rate;
+
+		if (bebob->maudio_special_quirk) {
+			err = bebob->spec->rate->get(bebob, &curr_rate);
+			if (err < 0)
+				return err;
 		}
 
-		err = make_both_connections(bebob, rate);
+		err = make_both_connections(bebob);
 		if (err < 0)
-			goto end;
+			return err;
 
-		err = start_stream(bebob, &bebob->rx_stream, rate);
+		err = start_stream(bebob, &bebob->rx_stream);
 		if (err < 0) {
 			dev_err(&bebob->unit->device,
 				"fail to run AMDTP master stream:%d\n", err);
-			break_both_connections(bebob);
-			goto end;
+			goto error;
 		}
 
-		/*
-		 * NOTE:
-		 * The firmware customized by M-Audio uses these commands to
-		 * start transmitting stream. This is not usual way.
-		 */
-		if (bebob->maudio_special_quirk != NULL) {
-			err = rate_spec->set(bebob, rate);
+		// NOTE:
+		// The firmware customized by M-Audio uses these commands to
+		// start transmitting stream. This is not usual way.
+		if (bebob->maudio_special_quirk) {
+			err = bebob->spec->rate->set(bebob, curr_rate);
 			if (err < 0) {
 				dev_err(&bebob->unit->device,
 					"fail to ensure sampling rate: %d\n",
 					err);
-				amdtp_stream_stop(&bebob->rx_stream);
-				break_both_connections(bebob);
-				goto end;
+				goto error;
 			}
 		}
 
-		/* wait first callback */
 		if (!amdtp_stream_wait_callback(&bebob->rx_stream,
 						CALLBACK_TIMEOUT)) {
-			amdtp_stream_stop(&bebob->rx_stream);
-			break_both_connections(bebob);
 			err = -ETIMEDOUT;
-			goto end;
+			goto error;
 		}
 	}
 
-	/* start slave if needed */
 	if (!amdtp_stream_running(&bebob->tx_stream)) {
-		err = start_stream(bebob, &bebob->tx_stream, rate);
+		err = start_stream(bebob, &bebob->tx_stream);
 		if (err < 0) {
 			dev_err(&bebob->unit->device,
 				"fail to run AMDTP slave stream:%d\n", err);
-			amdtp_stream_stop(&bebob->rx_stream);
-			break_both_connections(bebob);
-			goto end;
+			goto error;
 		}
 
-		/* wait first callback */
 		if (!amdtp_stream_wait_callback(&bebob->tx_stream,
 						CALLBACK_TIMEOUT)) {
-			amdtp_stream_stop(&bebob->tx_stream);
-			amdtp_stream_stop(&bebob->rx_stream);
-			break_both_connections(bebob);
 			err = -ETIMEDOUT;
+			goto error;
 		}
 	}
-end:
+
+	return 0;
+error:
+	amdtp_stream_stop(&bebob->tx_stream);
+	amdtp_stream_stop(&bebob->rx_stream);
+	break_both_connections(bebob);
 	return err;
 }
 
 void snd_bebob_stream_stop_duplex(struct snd_bebob *bebob)
 {
 	if (bebob->substreams_counter == 0) {
-		amdtp_stream_pcm_abort(&bebob->rx_stream);
 		amdtp_stream_stop(&bebob->rx_stream);
-
-		amdtp_stream_pcm_abort(&bebob->tx_stream);
 		amdtp_stream_stop(&bebob->tx_stream);
 
 		break_both_connections(bebob);
+
+		cmp_connection_release(&bebob->out_conn);
+		cmp_connection_release(&bebob->in_conn);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -702,10 +708,8 @@ void snd_bebob_stream_stop_duplex(struct snd_bebob *bebob)
  */
 void snd_bebob_stream_destroy_duplex(struct snd_bebob *bebob)
 {
-	amdtp_stream_destroy(&bebob->rx_stream);
-	amdtp_stream_destroy(&bebob->tx_stream);
-
-	destroy_both_connections(bebob);
+	destroy_stream(bebob, &bebob->tx_stream);
+	destroy_stream(bebob, &bebob->rx_stream);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/sound/firewire/cmp.c b/sound/firewire/cmp.c
index 13f8abc..14abbe7 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/cmp.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/cmp.c
@@ -185,6 +185,37 @@ void cmp_connection_destroy(struct cmp_connection *c)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(cmp_connection_destroy);
 
+int cmp_connection_reserve(struct cmp_connection *c,
+			   unsigned int max_payload_bytes)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	mutex_lock(&c->mutex);
+
+	if (WARN_ON(c->resources.allocated)) {
+		err = -EBUSY;
+		goto end;
+	}
+
+	c->speed = min(c->max_speed,
+		       fw_parent_device(c->resources.unit)->max_speed);
+
+	err = fw_iso_resources_allocate(&c->resources, max_payload_bytes,
+					c->speed);
+end:
+	mutex_unlock(&c->mutex);
+
+	return err;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(cmp_connection_reserve);
+
+void cmp_connection_release(struct cmp_connection *c)
+{
+	mutex_lock(&c->mutex);
+	fw_iso_resources_free(&c->resources);
+	mutex_unlock(&c->mutex);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(cmp_connection_release);
 
 static __be32 ipcr_set_modify(struct cmp_connection *c, __be32 ipcr)
 {
@@ -270,25 +301,18 @@ static int pcr_set_check(struct cmp_connection *c, __be32 pcr)
  * When this function succeeds, the caller is responsible for starting
  * transmitting packets.
  */
-int cmp_connection_establish(struct cmp_connection *c,
-			     unsigned int max_payload_bytes)
+int cmp_connection_establish(struct cmp_connection *c)
 {
 	int err;
 
-	if (WARN_ON(c->connected))
-		return -EISCONN;
-
-	c->speed = min(c->max_speed,
-		       fw_parent_device(c->resources.unit)->max_speed);
-
 	mutex_lock(&c->mutex);
 
-retry_after_bus_reset:
-	err = fw_iso_resources_allocate(&c->resources,
-					max_payload_bytes, c->speed);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto err_mutex;
+	if (WARN_ON(c->connected)) {
+		mutex_unlock(&c->mutex);
+		return -EISCONN;
+	}
 
+retry_after_bus_reset:
 	if (c->direction == CMP_OUTPUT)
 		err = pcr_modify(c, opcr_set_modify, pcr_set_check,
 				 ABORT_ON_BUS_RESET);
@@ -297,21 +321,13 @@ int cmp_connection_establish(struct cmp_connection *c,
 				 ABORT_ON_BUS_RESET);
 
 	if (err == -EAGAIN) {
-		fw_iso_resources_free(&c->resources);
-		goto retry_after_bus_reset;
+		err = fw_iso_resources_update(&c->resources);
+		if (err >= 0)
+			goto retry_after_bus_reset;
 	}
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto err_resources;
+	if (err >= 0)
+		c->connected = true;
 
-	c->connected = true;
-
-	mutex_unlock(&c->mutex);
-
-	return 0;
-
-err_resources:
-	fw_iso_resources_free(&c->resources);
-err_mutex:
 	mutex_unlock(&c->mutex);
 
 	return err;
@@ -351,14 +367,12 @@ int cmp_connection_update(struct cmp_connection *c)
 				 SUCCEED_ON_BUS_RESET);
 
 	if (err < 0)
-		goto err_resources;
+		goto err_unconnect;
 
 	mutex_unlock(&c->mutex);
 
 	return 0;
 
-err_resources:
-	fw_iso_resources_free(&c->resources);
 err_unconnect:
 	c->connected = false;
 	mutex_unlock(&c->mutex);
@@ -395,8 +409,6 @@ void cmp_connection_break(struct cmp_connection *c)
 	if (err < 0)
 		cmp_error(c, "plug is still connected\n");
 
-	fw_iso_resources_free(&c->resources);
-
 	c->connected = false;
 
 	mutex_unlock(&c->mutex);
diff --git a/sound/firewire/cmp.h b/sound/firewire/cmp.h
index b60b415..26ab880 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/cmp.h
+++ b/sound/firewire/cmp.h
@@ -42,8 +42,11 @@ int cmp_connection_init(struct cmp_connection *connection,
 int cmp_connection_check_used(struct cmp_connection *connection, bool *used);
 void cmp_connection_destroy(struct cmp_connection *connection);
 
-int cmp_connection_establish(struct cmp_connection *connection,
-			     unsigned int max_payload);
+int cmp_connection_reserve(struct cmp_connection *connection,
+			   unsigned int max_payload);
+void cmp_connection_release(struct cmp_connection *connection);
+
+int cmp_connection_establish(struct cmp_connection *connection);
 int cmp_connection_update(struct cmp_connection *connection);
 void cmp_connection_break(struct cmp_connection *connection);
 
diff --git a/sound/firewire/dice/Makefile b/sound/firewire/dice/Makefile
index 115eadd..7a62daf 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/dice/Makefile
+++ b/sound/firewire/dice/Makefile
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 snd-dice-objs := dice-transaction.o dice-stream.o dice-proc.o dice-midi.o \
 		 dice-pcm.o dice-hwdep.o dice.o dice-tcelectronic.o \
-		 dice-alesis.o dice-extension.o dice-mytek.o
+		 dice-alesis.o dice-extension.o dice-mytek.o dice-presonus.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_SND_DICE) += snd-dice.o
diff --git a/sound/firewire/dice/dice-midi.c b/sound/firewire/dice/dice-midi.c
index ca7ae42..c9e19bd 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/dice/dice-midi.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/dice/dice-midi.c
@@ -17,8 +17,13 @@ static int midi_open(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream)
 
 	mutex_lock(&dice->mutex);
 
-	dice->substreams_counter++;
-	err = snd_dice_stream_start_duplex(dice, 0);
+	err = snd_dice_stream_reserve_duplex(dice, 0);
+	if (err >= 0) {
+		++dice->substreams_counter;
+		err = snd_dice_stream_start_duplex(dice);
+		if (err < 0)
+			--dice->substreams_counter;
+	}
 
 	mutex_unlock(&dice->mutex);
 
@@ -34,7 +39,7 @@ static int midi_close(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream)
 
 	mutex_lock(&dice->mutex);
 
-	dice->substreams_counter--;
+	--dice->substreams_counter;
 	snd_dice_stream_stop_duplex(dice);
 
 	mutex_unlock(&dice->mutex);
diff --git a/sound/firewire/dice/dice-pcm.c b/sound/firewire/dice/dice-pcm.c
index 8a601be..94a4dcc 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/dice/dice-pcm.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/dice/dice-pcm.c
@@ -230,8 +230,8 @@ static int pcm_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int capture_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
-			     struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params)
+static int pcm_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+			 struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params)
 {
 	struct snd_dice *dice = substream->private_data;
 	int err;
@@ -242,57 +242,26 @@ static int capture_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 		return err;
 
 	if (substream->runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN) {
+		unsigned int rate = params_rate(hw_params);
+
 		mutex_lock(&dice->mutex);
-		dice->substreams_counter++;
+		err = snd_dice_stream_reserve_duplex(dice, rate);
+		if (err >= 0)
+			++dice->substreams_counter;
 		mutex_unlock(&dice->mutex);
 	}
 
-	return 0;
-}
-static int playback_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
-			      struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params)
-{
-	struct snd_dice *dice = substream->private_data;
-	int err;
-
-	err = snd_pcm_lib_alloc_vmalloc_buffer(substream,
-					       params_buffer_bytes(hw_params));
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	if (substream->runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN) {
-		mutex_lock(&dice->mutex);
-		dice->substreams_counter++;
-		mutex_unlock(&dice->mutex);
-	}
-
-	return 0;
+	return err;
 }
 
-static int capture_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+static int pcm_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 {
 	struct snd_dice *dice = substream->private_data;
 
 	mutex_lock(&dice->mutex);
 
 	if (substream->runtime->status->state != SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN)
-		dice->substreams_counter--;
-
-	snd_dice_stream_stop_duplex(dice);
-
-	mutex_unlock(&dice->mutex);
-
-	return snd_pcm_lib_free_vmalloc_buffer(substream);
-}
-
-static int playback_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
-{
-	struct snd_dice *dice = substream->private_data;
-
-	mutex_lock(&dice->mutex);
-
-	if (substream->runtime->status->state != SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN)
-		dice->substreams_counter--;
+		--dice->substreams_counter;
 
 	snd_dice_stream_stop_duplex(dice);
 
@@ -308,7 +277,7 @@ static int capture_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 	int err;
 
 	mutex_lock(&dice->mutex);
-	err = snd_dice_stream_start_duplex(dice, substream->runtime->rate);
+	err = snd_dice_stream_start_duplex(dice);
 	mutex_unlock(&dice->mutex);
 	if (err >= 0)
 		amdtp_stream_pcm_prepare(stream);
@@ -322,7 +291,7 @@ static int playback_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 	int err;
 
 	mutex_lock(&dice->mutex);
-	err = snd_dice_stream_start_duplex(dice, substream->runtime->rate);
+	err = snd_dice_stream_start_duplex(dice);
 	mutex_unlock(&dice->mutex);
 	if (err >= 0)
 		amdtp_stream_pcm_prepare(stream);
@@ -404,8 +373,8 @@ int snd_dice_create_pcm(struct snd_dice *dice)
 		.open      = pcm_open,
 		.close     = pcm_close,
 		.ioctl     = snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
-		.hw_params = capture_hw_params,
-		.hw_free   = capture_hw_free,
+		.hw_params = pcm_hw_params,
+		.hw_free   = pcm_hw_free,
 		.prepare   = capture_prepare,
 		.trigger   = capture_trigger,
 		.pointer   = capture_pointer,
@@ -416,8 +385,8 @@ int snd_dice_create_pcm(struct snd_dice *dice)
 		.open      = pcm_open,
 		.close     = pcm_close,
 		.ioctl     = snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
-		.hw_params = playback_hw_params,
-		.hw_free   = playback_hw_free,
+		.hw_params = pcm_hw_params,
+		.hw_free   = pcm_hw_free,
 		.prepare   = playback_prepare,
 		.trigger   = playback_trigger,
 		.pointer   = playback_pointer,
diff --git a/sound/firewire/dice/dice-presonus.c b/sound/firewire/dice/dice-presonus.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..503f462
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/firewire/dice/dice-presonus.c
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+// dice-presonus.c - a part of driver for DICE based devices
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2019 Takashi Sakamoto
+//
+// Licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.
+
+#include "dice.h"
+
+struct dice_presonus_spec {
+	unsigned int tx_pcm_chs[MAX_STREAMS][SND_DICE_RATE_MODE_COUNT];
+	unsigned int rx_pcm_chs[MAX_STREAMS][SND_DICE_RATE_MODE_COUNT];
+	bool has_midi;
+};
+
+static const struct dice_presonus_spec dice_presonus_firesutio = {
+	.tx_pcm_chs = {{16, 16, 0}, {10, 2, 0} },
+	.rx_pcm_chs = {{16, 16, 0}, {10, 2, 0} },
+	.has_midi = true,
+};
+
+int snd_dice_detect_presonus_formats(struct snd_dice *dice)
+{
+	static const struct {
+		u32 model_id;
+		const struct dice_presonus_spec *spec;
+	} *entry, entries[] = {
+		{0x000008, &dice_presonus_firesutio},
+	};
+	struct fw_csr_iterator it;
+	int key, val, model_id;
+	int i;
+
+	model_id = 0;
+	fw_csr_iterator_init(&it, dice->unit->directory);
+	while (fw_csr_iterator_next(&it, &key, &val)) {
+		if (key == CSR_MODEL) {
+			model_id = val;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(entries); ++i) {
+		entry = entries + i;
+		if (entry->model_id == model_id)
+			break;
+	}
+	if (i == ARRAY_SIZE(entries))
+		return -ENODEV;
+
+	memcpy(dice->tx_pcm_chs, entry->spec->tx_pcm_chs,
+	       MAX_STREAMS * SND_DICE_RATE_MODE_COUNT * sizeof(unsigned int));
+	memcpy(dice->rx_pcm_chs, entry->spec->rx_pcm_chs,
+	       MAX_STREAMS * SND_DICE_RATE_MODE_COUNT * sizeof(unsigned int));
+
+	if (entry->spec->has_midi) {
+		dice->tx_midi_ports[0] = 1;
+		dice->rx_midi_ports[0] = 1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/sound/firewire/dice/dice-stream.c b/sound/firewire/dice/dice-stream.c
index 7a93ae3..a9f0c77 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/dice/dice-stream.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/dice/dice-stream.c
@@ -137,18 +137,9 @@ static int get_register_params(struct snd_dice *dice,
 
 static void release_resources(struct snd_dice *dice)
 {
-	unsigned int i;
+	int i;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < MAX_STREAMS; i++) {
-		if (amdtp_stream_running(&dice->tx_stream[i])) {
-			amdtp_stream_pcm_abort(&dice->tx_stream[i]);
-			amdtp_stream_stop(&dice->tx_stream[i]);
-		}
-		if (amdtp_stream_running(&dice->rx_stream[i])) {
-			amdtp_stream_pcm_abort(&dice->rx_stream[i]);
-			amdtp_stream_stop(&dice->rx_stream[i]);
-		}
-
+	for (i = 0; i < MAX_STREAMS; ++i) {
 		fw_iso_resources_free(&dice->tx_resources[i]);
 		fw_iso_resources_free(&dice->rx_resources[i]);
 	}
@@ -163,10 +154,14 @@ static void stop_streams(struct snd_dice *dice, enum amdtp_stream_direction dir,
 	for (i = 0; i < params->count; i++) {
 		reg = cpu_to_be32((u32)-1);
 		if (dir == AMDTP_IN_STREAM) {
+			amdtp_stream_stop(&dice->tx_stream[i]);
+
 			snd_dice_transaction_write_tx(dice,
 					params->size * i + TX_ISOCHRONOUS,
 					&reg, sizeof(reg));
 		} else {
+			amdtp_stream_stop(&dice->rx_stream[i]);
+
 			snd_dice_transaction_write_rx(dice,
 					params->size * i + RX_ISOCHRONOUS,
 					&reg, sizeof(reg));
@@ -174,35 +169,22 @@ static void stop_streams(struct snd_dice *dice, enum amdtp_stream_direction dir,
 	}
 }
 
-static int keep_resources(struct snd_dice *dice,
-			  enum amdtp_stream_direction dir, unsigned int index,
-			  unsigned int rate, unsigned int pcm_chs,
-			  unsigned int midi_ports)
+static int keep_resources(struct snd_dice *dice, struct amdtp_stream *stream,
+			  struct fw_iso_resources *resources, unsigned int rate,
+			  unsigned int pcm_chs, unsigned int midi_ports)
 {
-	struct amdtp_stream *stream;
-	struct fw_iso_resources *resources;
 	bool double_pcm_frames;
 	unsigned int i;
 	int err;
 
-	if (dir == AMDTP_IN_STREAM) {
-		stream = &dice->tx_stream[index];
-		resources = &dice->tx_resources[index];
-	} else {
-		stream = &dice->rx_stream[index];
-		resources = &dice->rx_resources[index];
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * At 176.4/192.0 kHz, Dice has a quirk to transfer two PCM frames in
-	 * one data block of AMDTP packet. Thus sampling transfer frequency is
-	 * a half of PCM sampling frequency, i.e. PCM frames at 192.0 kHz are
-	 * transferred on AMDTP packets at 96 kHz. Two successive samples of a
-	 * channel are stored consecutively in the packet. This quirk is called
-	 * as 'Dual Wire'.
-	 * For this quirk, blocking mode is required and PCM buffer size should
-	 * be aligned to SYT_INTERVAL.
-	 */
+	// At 176.4/192.0 kHz, Dice has a quirk to transfer two PCM frames in
+	// one data block of AMDTP packet. Thus sampling transfer frequency is
+	// a half of PCM sampling frequency, i.e. PCM frames at 192.0 kHz are
+	// transferred on AMDTP packets at 96 kHz. Two successive samples of a
+	// channel are stored consecutively in the packet. This quirk is called
+	// as 'Dual Wire'.
+	// For this quirk, blocking mode is required and PCM buffer size should
+	// be aligned to SYT_INTERVAL.
 	double_pcm_frames = rate > 96000;
 	if (double_pcm_frames) {
 		rate /= 2;
@@ -229,40 +211,40 @@ static int keep_resources(struct snd_dice *dice,
 				fw_parent_device(dice->unit)->max_speed);
 }
 
-static int start_streams(struct snd_dice *dice, enum amdtp_stream_direction dir,
-			 unsigned int rate, struct reg_params *params)
+static int keep_dual_resources(struct snd_dice *dice, unsigned int rate,
+			       enum amdtp_stream_direction dir,
+			       struct reg_params *params)
 {
-	__be32 reg[2];
 	enum snd_dice_rate_mode mode;
-	unsigned int i, pcm_chs, midi_ports;
-	struct amdtp_stream *streams;
-	struct fw_iso_resources *resources;
-	struct fw_device *fw_dev = fw_parent_device(dice->unit);
-	int err = 0;
-
-	if (dir == AMDTP_IN_STREAM) {
-		streams = dice->tx_stream;
-		resources = dice->tx_resources;
-	} else {
-		streams = dice->rx_stream;
-		resources = dice->rx_resources;
-	}
+	int i;
+	int err;
 
 	err = snd_dice_stream_get_rate_mode(dice, rate, &mode);
 	if (err < 0)
 		return err;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < params->count; i++) {
+	for (i = 0; i < params->count; ++i) {
+		__be32 reg[2];
+		struct amdtp_stream *stream;
+		struct fw_iso_resources *resources;
 		unsigned int pcm_cache;
 		unsigned int midi_cache;
+		unsigned int pcm_chs;
+		unsigned int midi_ports;
 
 		if (dir == AMDTP_IN_STREAM) {
+			stream = &dice->tx_stream[i];
+			resources = &dice->tx_resources[i];
+
 			pcm_cache = dice->tx_pcm_chs[i][mode];
 			midi_cache = dice->tx_midi_ports[i];
 			err = snd_dice_transaction_read_tx(dice,
 					params->size * i + TX_NUMBER_AUDIO,
 					reg, sizeof(reg));
 		} else {
+			stream = &dice->rx_stream[i];
+			resources = &dice->rx_resources[i];
+
 			pcm_cache = dice->rx_pcm_chs[i][mode];
 			midi_cache = dice->rx_midi_ports[i];
 			err = snd_dice_transaction_read_rx(dice,
@@ -274,7 +256,7 @@ static int start_streams(struct snd_dice *dice, enum amdtp_stream_direction dir,
 		pcm_chs = be32_to_cpu(reg[0]);
 		midi_ports = be32_to_cpu(reg[1]);
 
-		/* These are important for developer of this driver. */
+		// These are important for developer of this driver.
 		if (pcm_chs != pcm_cache || midi_ports != midi_cache) {
 			dev_info(&dice->unit->device,
 				 "cache mismatch: pcm: %u:%u, midi: %u:%u\n",
@@ -282,141 +264,170 @@ static int start_streams(struct snd_dice *dice, enum amdtp_stream_direction dir,
 			return -EPROTO;
 		}
 
-		err = keep_resources(dice, dir, i, rate, pcm_chs, midi_ports);
-		if (err < 0)
-			return err;
-
-		reg[0] = cpu_to_be32(resources[i].channel);
-		if (dir == AMDTP_IN_STREAM) {
-			err = snd_dice_transaction_write_tx(dice,
-					params->size * i + TX_ISOCHRONOUS,
-					reg, sizeof(reg[0]));
-		} else {
-			err = snd_dice_transaction_write_rx(dice,
-					params->size * i + RX_ISOCHRONOUS,
-					reg, sizeof(reg[0]));
-		}
-		if (err < 0)
-			return err;
-
-		if (dir == AMDTP_IN_STREAM) {
-			reg[0] = cpu_to_be32(fw_dev->max_speed);
-			err = snd_dice_transaction_write_tx(dice,
-					params->size * i + TX_SPEED,
-					reg, sizeof(reg[0]));
-			if (err < 0)
-				return err;
-		}
-
-		err = amdtp_stream_start(&streams[i], resources[i].channel,
-					 fw_dev->max_speed);
+		err = keep_resources(dice, stream, resources, rate, pcm_chs,
+				     midi_ports);
 		if (err < 0)
 			return err;
 	}
 
-	return err;
+	return 0;
 }
 
-static int start_duplex_streams(struct snd_dice *dice, unsigned int rate)
+static void finish_session(struct snd_dice *dice, struct reg_params *tx_params,
+			   struct reg_params *rx_params)
 {
-	struct reg_params tx_params, rx_params;
-	int i;
+	stop_streams(dice, AMDTP_IN_STREAM, tx_params);
+	stop_streams(dice, AMDTP_OUT_STREAM, rx_params);
+
+	snd_dice_transaction_clear_enable(dice);
+}
+
+int snd_dice_stream_reserve_duplex(struct snd_dice *dice, unsigned int rate)
+{
+	unsigned int curr_rate;
 	int err;
 
-	err = get_register_params(dice, &tx_params, &rx_params);
+	// Check sampling transmission frequency.
+	err = snd_dice_transaction_get_rate(dice, &curr_rate);
 	if (err < 0)
 		return err;
+	if (rate == 0)
+		rate = curr_rate;
 
-	/* Stop transmission. */
-	stop_streams(dice, AMDTP_IN_STREAM, &tx_params);
-	stop_streams(dice, AMDTP_OUT_STREAM, &rx_params);
-	snd_dice_transaction_clear_enable(dice);
-	release_resources(dice);
+	if (dice->substreams_counter == 0 || curr_rate != rate) {
+		struct reg_params tx_params, rx_params;
 
-	err = ensure_phase_lock(dice, rate);
-	if (err < 0) {
-		dev_err(&dice->unit->device, "fail to ensure phase lock\n");
-		return err;
-	}
+		err = get_register_params(dice, &tx_params, &rx_params);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
 
-	/* Likely to have changed stream formats. */
-	err = get_register_params(dice, &tx_params, &rx_params);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
+		finish_session(dice, &tx_params, &rx_params);
 
-	/* Start both streams. */
-	err = start_streams(dice, AMDTP_IN_STREAM, rate, &tx_params);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto error;
-	err = start_streams(dice, AMDTP_OUT_STREAM, rate, &rx_params);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto error;
+		release_resources(dice);
 
-	err = snd_dice_transaction_set_enable(dice);
-	if (err < 0) {
-		dev_err(&dice->unit->device, "fail to enable interface\n");
-		goto error;
-	}
+		// Just after owning the unit (GLOBAL_OWNER), the unit can
+		// return invalid stream formats. Selecting clock parameters
+		// have an effect for the unit to refine it.
+		err = ensure_phase_lock(dice, rate);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < MAX_STREAMS; i++) {
-		if ((i < tx_params.count &&
-		    !amdtp_stream_wait_callback(&dice->tx_stream[i],
-						CALLBACK_TIMEOUT)) ||
-		    (i < rx_params.count &&
-		     !amdtp_stream_wait_callback(&dice->rx_stream[i],
-						 CALLBACK_TIMEOUT))) {
-			err = -ETIMEDOUT;
+		// After changing sampling transfer frequency, the value of
+		// register can be changed.
+		err = get_register_params(dice, &tx_params, &rx_params);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+
+		err = keep_dual_resources(dice, rate, AMDTP_IN_STREAM,
+					  &tx_params);
+		if (err < 0)
 			goto error;
-		}
+
+		err = keep_dual_resources(dice, rate, AMDTP_OUT_STREAM,
+					  &rx_params);
+		if (err < 0)
+			goto error;
 	}
 
 	return 0;
 error:
-	stop_streams(dice, AMDTP_IN_STREAM, &tx_params);
-	stop_streams(dice, AMDTP_OUT_STREAM, &rx_params);
-	snd_dice_transaction_clear_enable(dice);
 	release_resources(dice);
 	return err;
 }
 
+static int start_streams(struct snd_dice *dice, enum amdtp_stream_direction dir,
+			 unsigned int rate, struct reg_params *params)
+{
+	unsigned int max_speed = fw_parent_device(dice->unit)->max_speed;
+	int i;
+	int err;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < params->count; i++) {
+		struct amdtp_stream *stream;
+		struct fw_iso_resources *resources;
+		__be32 reg;
+
+		if (dir == AMDTP_IN_STREAM) {
+			stream = dice->tx_stream + i;
+			resources = dice->tx_resources + i;
+		} else {
+			stream = dice->rx_stream + i;
+			resources = dice->rx_resources + i;
+		}
+
+		reg = cpu_to_be32(resources->channel);
+		if (dir == AMDTP_IN_STREAM) {
+			err = snd_dice_transaction_write_tx(dice,
+					params->size * i + TX_ISOCHRONOUS,
+					&reg, sizeof(reg));
+		} else {
+			err = snd_dice_transaction_write_rx(dice,
+					params->size * i + RX_ISOCHRONOUS,
+					&reg, sizeof(reg));
+		}
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+
+		if (dir == AMDTP_IN_STREAM) {
+			reg = cpu_to_be32(max_speed);
+			err = snd_dice_transaction_write_tx(dice,
+					params->size * i + TX_SPEED,
+					&reg, sizeof(reg));
+			if (err < 0)
+				return err;
+		}
+
+		err = amdtp_stream_start(stream, resources->channel, max_speed);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /*
  * MEMO: After this function, there're two states of streams:
  *  - None streams are running.
  *  - All streams are running.
  */
-int snd_dice_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_dice *dice, unsigned int rate)
+int snd_dice_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_dice *dice)
 {
-	unsigned int curr_rate;
+	unsigned int generation = dice->rx_resources[0].generation;
+	struct reg_params tx_params, rx_params;
 	unsigned int i;
+	unsigned int rate;
 	enum snd_dice_rate_mode mode;
 	int err;
 
 	if (dice->substreams_counter == 0)
 		return -EIO;
 
-	/* Check sampling transmission frequency. */
-	err = snd_dice_transaction_get_rate(dice, &curr_rate);
-	if (err < 0) {
-		dev_err(&dice->unit->device,
-			"fail to get sampling rate\n");
+	err = get_register_params(dice, &tx_params, &rx_params);
+	if (err < 0)
 		return err;
-	}
-	if (rate == 0)
-		rate = curr_rate;
-	if (rate != curr_rate)
-		goto restart;
 
-	/* Check error of packet streaming. */
+	// Check error of packet streaming.
 	for (i = 0; i < MAX_STREAMS; ++i) {
-		if (amdtp_streaming_error(&dice->tx_stream[i]))
+		if (amdtp_streaming_error(&dice->tx_stream[i]) ||
+		    amdtp_streaming_error(&dice->rx_stream[i])) {
+			finish_session(dice, &tx_params, &rx_params);
 			break;
-		if (amdtp_streaming_error(&dice->rx_stream[i]))
-			break;
+		}
 	}
-	if (i < MAX_STREAMS)
-		goto restart;
 
-	/* Check required streams are running or not. */
+	if (generation != fw_parent_device(dice->unit)->card->generation) {
+		for (i = 0; i < MAX_STREAMS; ++i) {
+			if (i < tx_params.count)
+				fw_iso_resources_update(dice->tx_resources + i);
+			if (i < rx_params.count)
+				fw_iso_resources_update(dice->rx_resources + i);
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Check required streams are running or not.
+	err = snd_dice_transaction_get_rate(dice, &rate);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	err = snd_dice_stream_get_rate_mode(dice, rate, &mode);
 	if (err < 0)
 		return err;
@@ -428,12 +439,40 @@ int snd_dice_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_dice *dice, unsigned int rate)
 		    !amdtp_stream_running(&dice->rx_stream[i]))
 			break;
 	}
-	if (i < MAX_STREAMS)
-		goto restart;
+	if (i < MAX_STREAMS) {
+		// Start both streams.
+		err = start_streams(dice, AMDTP_IN_STREAM, rate, &tx_params);
+		if (err < 0)
+			goto error;
+
+		err = start_streams(dice, AMDTP_OUT_STREAM, rate, &rx_params);
+		if (err < 0)
+			goto error;
+
+		err = snd_dice_transaction_set_enable(dice);
+		if (err < 0) {
+			dev_err(&dice->unit->device,
+				"fail to enable interface\n");
+			goto error;
+		}
+
+		for (i = 0; i < MAX_STREAMS; i++) {
+			if ((i < tx_params.count &&
+			    !amdtp_stream_wait_callback(&dice->tx_stream[i],
+							CALLBACK_TIMEOUT)) ||
+			    (i < rx_params.count &&
+			     !amdtp_stream_wait_callback(&dice->rx_stream[i],
+							 CALLBACK_TIMEOUT))) {
+				err = -ETIMEDOUT;
+				goto error;
+			}
+		}
+	}
 
 	return 0;
-restart:
-	return start_duplex_streams(dice, rate);
+error:
+	finish_session(dice, &tx_params, &rx_params);
+	return err;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -445,17 +484,12 @@ void snd_dice_stream_stop_duplex(struct snd_dice *dice)
 {
 	struct reg_params tx_params, rx_params;
 
-	if (dice->substreams_counter > 0)
-		return;
+	if (dice->substreams_counter == 0) {
+		if (get_register_params(dice, &tx_params, &rx_params) >= 0)
+			finish_session(dice, &tx_params, &rx_params);
 
-	snd_dice_transaction_clear_enable(dice);
-
-	if (get_register_params(dice, &tx_params, &rx_params) == 0) {
-		stop_streams(dice, AMDTP_IN_STREAM, &tx_params);
-		stop_streams(dice, AMDTP_OUT_STREAM, &rx_params);
+		release_resources(dice);
 	}
-
-	release_resources(dice);
 }
 
 static int init_stream(struct snd_dice *dice, enum amdtp_stream_direction dir,
diff --git a/sound/firewire/dice/dice.c b/sound/firewire/dice/dice.c
index ea829ce..13eeb3f 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/dice/dice.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/dice/dice.c
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");
 #define OUI_MAUDIO		0x000d6c
 #define OUI_MYTEK		0x001ee8
 #define OUI_SSL			0x0050c2	// Actually ID reserved by IEEE.
+#define OUI_PRESONUS		0x000a92
 
 #define DICE_CATEGORY_ID	0x04
 #define WEISS_CATEGORY_ID	0x00
@@ -371,6 +372,14 @@ static const struct ieee1394_device_id dice_id_table[] = {
 		.vendor_id	= OUI_SSL,
 		.model_id	= 0x000070,
 	},
+	// Presonus FireStudio.
+	{
+		.match_flags	= IEEE1394_MATCH_VENDOR_ID |
+				  IEEE1394_MATCH_MODEL_ID,
+		.vendor_id	= OUI_PRESONUS,
+		.model_id	= 0x000008,
+		.driver_data	= (kernel_ulong_t)snd_dice_detect_presonus_formats,
+	},
 	{
 		.match_flags = IEEE1394_MATCH_VERSION,
 		.version     = DICE_INTERFACE,
diff --git a/sound/firewire/dice/dice.h b/sound/firewire/dice/dice.h
index eb4fb8b..c6304e5 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/dice/dice.h
+++ b/sound/firewire/dice/dice.h
@@ -204,10 +204,11 @@ extern const unsigned int snd_dice_rates[SND_DICE_RATES_COUNT];
 
 int snd_dice_stream_get_rate_mode(struct snd_dice *dice, unsigned int rate,
 				  enum snd_dice_rate_mode *mode);
-int snd_dice_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_dice *dice, unsigned int rate);
+int snd_dice_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_dice *dice);
 void snd_dice_stream_stop_duplex(struct snd_dice *dice);
 int snd_dice_stream_init_duplex(struct snd_dice *dice);
 void snd_dice_stream_destroy_duplex(struct snd_dice *dice);
+int snd_dice_stream_reserve_duplex(struct snd_dice *dice, unsigned int rate);
 void snd_dice_stream_update_duplex(struct snd_dice *dice);
 int snd_dice_stream_detect_current_formats(struct snd_dice *dice);
 
@@ -226,5 +227,6 @@ int snd_dice_detect_tcelectronic_formats(struct snd_dice *dice);
 int snd_dice_detect_alesis_formats(struct snd_dice *dice);
 int snd_dice_detect_extension_formats(struct snd_dice *dice);
 int snd_dice_detect_mytek_formats(struct snd_dice *dice);
+int snd_dice_detect_presonus_formats(struct snd_dice *dice);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/sound/firewire/digi00x/amdtp-dot.c b/sound/firewire/digi00x/amdtp-dot.c
index 10c8803..45ff73d 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/digi00x/amdtp-dot.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/digi00x/amdtp-dot.c
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ int amdtp_dot_set_parameters(struct amdtp_stream *s, unsigned int rate,
 	if (err < 0)
 		return err;
 
-	s->fdf = AMDTP_FDF_AM824 | s->sfc;
+	s->ctx_data.rx.fdf = AMDTP_FDF_AM824 | s->sfc;
 
 	p->pcm_channels = pcm_channels;
 
diff --git a/sound/firewire/digi00x/digi00x-midi.c b/sound/firewire/digi00x/digi00x-midi.c
index bf50a16..2b57ece 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/digi00x/digi00x-midi.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/digi00x/digi00x-midi.c
@@ -17,8 +17,13 @@ static int midi_open(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream)
 		return err;
 
 	mutex_lock(&dg00x->mutex);
-	dg00x->substreams_counter++;
-	err = snd_dg00x_stream_start_duplex(dg00x, 0);
+	err = snd_dg00x_stream_reserve_duplex(dg00x, 0);
+	if (err >= 0) {
+		++dg00x->substreams_counter;
+		err = snd_dg00x_stream_start_duplex(dg00x);
+		if (err < 0)
+			--dg00x->substreams_counter;
+	}
 	mutex_unlock(&dg00x->mutex);
 	if (err < 0)
 		snd_dg00x_stream_lock_release(dg00x);
@@ -31,7 +36,7 @@ static int midi_close(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream)
 	struct snd_dg00x *dg00x = substream->rmidi->private_data;
 
 	mutex_lock(&dg00x->mutex);
-	dg00x->substreams_counter--;
+	--dg00x->substreams_counter;
 	snd_dg00x_stream_stop_duplex(dg00x);
 	mutex_unlock(&dg00x->mutex);
 
diff --git a/sound/firewire/digi00x/digi00x-pcm.c b/sound/firewire/digi00x/digi00x-pcm.c
index 4f637f2..18e561b 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/digi00x/digi00x-pcm.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/digi00x/digi00x-pcm.c
@@ -154,8 +154,8 @@ static int pcm_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int pcm_capture_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
-				 struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params)
+static int pcm_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+			 struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params)
 {
 	struct snd_dg00x *dg00x = substream->private_data;
 	int err;
@@ -166,58 +166,26 @@ static int pcm_capture_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 		return err;
 
 	if (substream->runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN) {
+		unsigned int rate = params_rate(hw_params);
+
 		mutex_lock(&dg00x->mutex);
-		dg00x->substreams_counter++;
+		err = snd_dg00x_stream_reserve_duplex(dg00x, rate);
+		if (err >= 0)
+			++dg00x->substreams_counter;
 		mutex_unlock(&dg00x->mutex);
 	}
 
-	return 0;
+	return err;
 }
 
-static int pcm_playback_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
-				  struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params)
-{
-	struct snd_dg00x *dg00x = substream->private_data;
-	int err;
-
-	err = snd_pcm_lib_alloc_vmalloc_buffer(substream,
-					       params_buffer_bytes(hw_params));
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	if (substream->runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN) {
-		mutex_lock(&dg00x->mutex);
-		dg00x->substreams_counter++;
-		mutex_unlock(&dg00x->mutex);
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int pcm_capture_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+static int pcm_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 {
 	struct snd_dg00x *dg00x = substream->private_data;
 
 	mutex_lock(&dg00x->mutex);
 
 	if (substream->runtime->status->state != SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN)
-		dg00x->substreams_counter--;
-
-	snd_dg00x_stream_stop_duplex(dg00x);
-
-	mutex_unlock(&dg00x->mutex);
-
-	return snd_pcm_lib_free_vmalloc_buffer(substream);
-}
-
-static int pcm_playback_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
-{
-	struct snd_dg00x *dg00x = substream->private_data;
-
-	mutex_lock(&dg00x->mutex);
-
-	if (substream->runtime->status->state != SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN)
-		dg00x->substreams_counter--;
+		--dg00x->substreams_counter;
 
 	snd_dg00x_stream_stop_duplex(dg00x);
 
@@ -229,12 +197,11 @@ static int pcm_playback_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 static int pcm_capture_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 {
 	struct snd_dg00x *dg00x = substream->private_data;
-	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
 	int err;
 
 	mutex_lock(&dg00x->mutex);
 
-	err = snd_dg00x_stream_start_duplex(dg00x, runtime->rate);
+	err = snd_dg00x_stream_start_duplex(dg00x);
 	if (err >= 0)
 		amdtp_stream_pcm_prepare(&dg00x->tx_stream);
 
@@ -246,12 +213,11 @@ static int pcm_capture_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 static int pcm_playback_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 {
 	struct snd_dg00x *dg00x = substream->private_data;
-	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
 	int err;
 
 	mutex_lock(&dg00x->mutex);
 
-	err = snd_dg00x_stream_start_duplex(dg00x, runtime->rate);
+	err = snd_dg00x_stream_start_duplex(dg00x);
 	if (err >= 0) {
 		amdtp_stream_pcm_prepare(&dg00x->rx_stream);
 		amdtp_dot_reset(&dg00x->rx_stream);
@@ -332,8 +298,8 @@ int snd_dg00x_create_pcm_devices(struct snd_dg00x *dg00x)
 		.open		= pcm_open,
 		.close		= pcm_close,
 		.ioctl		= snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
-		.hw_params	= pcm_capture_hw_params,
-		.hw_free	= pcm_capture_hw_free,
+		.hw_params	= pcm_hw_params,
+		.hw_free	= pcm_hw_free,
 		.prepare	= pcm_capture_prepare,
 		.trigger	= pcm_capture_trigger,
 		.pointer	= pcm_capture_pointer,
@@ -344,8 +310,8 @@ int snd_dg00x_create_pcm_devices(struct snd_dg00x *dg00x)
 		.open		= pcm_open,
 		.close		= pcm_close,
 		.ioctl		= snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
-		.hw_params	= pcm_playback_hw_params,
-		.hw_free	= pcm_playback_hw_free,
+		.hw_params	= pcm_hw_params,
+		.hw_free	= pcm_hw_free,
 		.prepare	= pcm_playback_prepare,
 		.trigger	= pcm_playback_trigger,
 		.pointer	= pcm_playback_pointer,
diff --git a/sound/firewire/digi00x/digi00x-stream.c b/sound/firewire/digi00x/digi00x-stream.c
index ac8052c..3e77dbd 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/digi00x/digi00x-stream.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/digi00x/digi00x-stream.c
@@ -124,11 +124,25 @@ int snd_dg00x_stream_get_external_rate(struct snd_dg00x *dg00x,
 
 static void finish_session(struct snd_dg00x *dg00x)
 {
-	__be32 data = cpu_to_be32(0x00000003);
+	__be32 data;
 
+	amdtp_stream_stop(&dg00x->tx_stream);
+	amdtp_stream_stop(&dg00x->rx_stream);
+
+	data = cpu_to_be32(0x00000003);
 	snd_fw_transaction(dg00x->unit, TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
 			   DG00X_ADDR_BASE + DG00X_OFFSET_STREAMING_SET,
 			   &data, sizeof(data), 0);
+
+	// Unregister isochronous channels for both direction.
+	data = 0;
+	snd_fw_transaction(dg00x->unit, TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
+			   DG00X_ADDR_BASE + DG00X_OFFSET_ISOC_CHANNELS,
+			   &data, sizeof(data), 0);
+
+	// Just after finishing the session, the device may lost transmitting
+	// functionality for a short time.
+	msleep(50);
 }
 
 static int begin_session(struct snd_dg00x *dg00x)
@@ -137,11 +151,20 @@ static int begin_session(struct snd_dg00x *dg00x)
 	u32 curr;
 	int err;
 
+	// Register isochronous channels for both direction.
+	data = cpu_to_be32((dg00x->tx_resources.channel << 16) |
+			   dg00x->rx_resources.channel);
+	err = snd_fw_transaction(dg00x->unit, TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
+				 DG00X_ADDR_BASE + DG00X_OFFSET_ISOC_CHANNELS,
+				 &data, sizeof(data), 0);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
 	err = snd_fw_transaction(dg00x->unit, TCODE_READ_QUADLET_REQUEST,
 				 DG00X_ADDR_BASE + DG00X_OFFSET_STREAMING_STATE,
 				 &data, sizeof(data), 0);
 	if (err < 0)
-		goto error;
+		return err;
 	curr = be32_to_cpu(data);
 
 	if (curr == 0)
@@ -156,39 +179,23 @@ static int begin_session(struct snd_dg00x *dg00x)
 					 DG00X_OFFSET_STREAMING_SET,
 					 &data, sizeof(data), 0);
 		if (err < 0)
-			goto error;
+			break;
 
 		msleep(20);
 		curr--;
 	}
 
-	return 0;
-error:
-	finish_session(dg00x);
 	return err;
 }
 
-static void release_resources(struct snd_dg00x *dg00x)
+static int keep_resources(struct snd_dg00x *dg00x, struct amdtp_stream *stream,
+			  unsigned int rate)
 {
-	__be32 data = 0;
-
-	/* Unregister isochronous channels for both direction. */
-	snd_fw_transaction(dg00x->unit, TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
-			   DG00X_ADDR_BASE + DG00X_OFFSET_ISOC_CHANNELS,
-			   &data, sizeof(data), 0);
-
-	/* Release isochronous resources. */
-	fw_iso_resources_free(&dg00x->tx_resources);
-	fw_iso_resources_free(&dg00x->rx_resources);
-}
-
-static int keep_resources(struct snd_dg00x *dg00x, unsigned int rate)
-{
-	unsigned int i;
-	__be32 data;
+	struct fw_iso_resources *resources;
+	int i;
 	int err;
 
-	/* Check sampling rate. */
+	// Check sampling rate.
 	for (i = 0; i < SND_DG00X_RATE_COUNT; i++) {
 		if (snd_dg00x_stream_rates[i] == rate)
 			break;
@@ -196,41 +203,19 @@ static int keep_resources(struct snd_dg00x *dg00x, unsigned int rate)
 	if (i == SND_DG00X_RATE_COUNT)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	/* Keep resources for out-stream. */
-	err = amdtp_dot_set_parameters(&dg00x->rx_stream, rate,
+	if (stream == &dg00x->tx_stream)
+		resources = &dg00x->tx_resources;
+	else
+		resources = &dg00x->rx_resources;
+
+	err = amdtp_dot_set_parameters(stream, rate,
 				       snd_dg00x_stream_pcm_channels[i]);
 	if (err < 0)
 		return err;
-	err = fw_iso_resources_allocate(&dg00x->rx_resources,
-				amdtp_stream_get_max_payload(&dg00x->rx_stream),
+
+	return fw_iso_resources_allocate(resources,
+				amdtp_stream_get_max_payload(stream),
 				fw_parent_device(dg00x->unit)->max_speed);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	/* Keep resources for in-stream. */
-	err = amdtp_dot_set_parameters(&dg00x->tx_stream, rate,
-				       snd_dg00x_stream_pcm_channels[i]);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-	err = fw_iso_resources_allocate(&dg00x->tx_resources,
-				amdtp_stream_get_max_payload(&dg00x->tx_stream),
-				fw_parent_device(dg00x->unit)->max_speed);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto error;
-
-	/* Register isochronous channels for both direction. */
-	data = cpu_to_be32((dg00x->tx_resources.channel << 16) |
-			   dg00x->rx_resources.channel);
-	err = snd_fw_transaction(dg00x->unit, TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
-				 DG00X_ADDR_BASE + DG00X_OFFSET_ISOC_CHANNELS,
-				 &data, sizeof(data), 0);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto error;
-
-	return 0;
-error:
-	release_resources(dg00x);
-	return err;
 }
 
 int snd_dg00x_stream_init_duplex(struct snd_dg00x *dg00x)
@@ -272,28 +257,61 @@ void snd_dg00x_stream_destroy_duplex(struct snd_dg00x *dg00x)
 	fw_iso_resources_destroy(&dg00x->tx_resources);
 }
 
-int snd_dg00x_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_dg00x *dg00x, unsigned int rate)
+int snd_dg00x_stream_reserve_duplex(struct snd_dg00x *dg00x, unsigned int rate)
 {
 	unsigned int curr_rate;
+	int err;
+
+	err = snd_dg00x_stream_get_local_rate(dg00x, &curr_rate);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	if (rate == 0)
+		rate = curr_rate;
+
+	if (dg00x->substreams_counter == 0 || curr_rate != rate) {
+		finish_session(dg00x);
+
+		fw_iso_resources_free(&dg00x->tx_resources);
+		fw_iso_resources_free(&dg00x->rx_resources);
+
+		err = snd_dg00x_stream_set_local_rate(dg00x, rate);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+
+		err = keep_resources(dg00x, &dg00x->rx_stream, rate);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+
+		err = keep_resources(dg00x, &dg00x->tx_stream, rate);
+		if (err < 0) {
+			fw_iso_resources_free(&dg00x->rx_resources);
+			return err;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int snd_dg00x_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_dg00x *dg00x)
+{
+	unsigned int generation = dg00x->rx_resources.generation;
 	int err = 0;
 
 	if (dg00x->substreams_counter == 0)
-		goto end;
+		return 0;
 
-	/* Check current sampling rate. */
-	err = snd_dg00x_stream_get_local_rate(dg00x, &curr_rate);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto error;
-	if (rate == 0)
-		rate = curr_rate;
-	if (curr_rate != rate ||
-	    amdtp_streaming_error(&dg00x->tx_stream) ||
-	    amdtp_streaming_error(&dg00x->rx_stream)) {
+	if (amdtp_streaming_error(&dg00x->tx_stream) ||
+	    amdtp_streaming_error(&dg00x->rx_stream))
 		finish_session(dg00x);
 
-		amdtp_stream_stop(&dg00x->tx_stream);
-		amdtp_stream_stop(&dg00x->rx_stream);
-		release_resources(dg00x);
+	if (generation != fw_parent_device(dg00x->unit)->card->generation) {
+		err = fw_iso_resources_update(&dg00x->tx_resources);
+		if (err < 0)
+			goto error;
+
+		err = fw_iso_resources_update(&dg00x->rx_resources);
+		if (err < 0)
+			goto error;
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -301,14 +319,6 @@ int snd_dg00x_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_dg00x *dg00x, unsigned int rate)
 	 * which source of clock is used.
 	 */
 	if (!amdtp_stream_running(&dg00x->rx_stream)) {
-		err = snd_dg00x_stream_set_local_rate(dg00x, rate);
-		if (err < 0)
-			goto error;
-
-		err = keep_resources(dg00x, rate);
-		if (err < 0)
-			goto error;
-
 		err = begin_session(dg00x);
 		if (err < 0)
 			goto error;
@@ -343,33 +353,22 @@ int snd_dg00x_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_dg00x *dg00x, unsigned int rate)
 			goto error;
 		}
 	}
-end:
-	return err;
+
+	return 0;
 error:
 	finish_session(dg00x);
 
-	amdtp_stream_stop(&dg00x->tx_stream);
-	amdtp_stream_stop(&dg00x->rx_stream);
-	release_resources(dg00x);
-
 	return err;
 }
 
 void snd_dg00x_stream_stop_duplex(struct snd_dg00x *dg00x)
 {
-	if (dg00x->substreams_counter > 0)
-		return;
+	if (dg00x->substreams_counter == 0) {
+		finish_session(dg00x);
 
-	amdtp_stream_stop(&dg00x->tx_stream);
-	amdtp_stream_stop(&dg00x->rx_stream);
-	finish_session(dg00x);
-	release_resources(dg00x);
-
-	/*
-	 * Just after finishing the session, the device may lost transmitting
-	 * functionality for a short time.
-	 */
-	msleep(50);
+		fw_iso_resources_free(&dg00x->tx_resources);
+		fw_iso_resources_free(&dg00x->rx_resources);
+	}
 }
 
 void snd_dg00x_stream_update_duplex(struct snd_dg00x *dg00x)
diff --git a/sound/firewire/digi00x/digi00x.h b/sound/firewire/digi00x/digi00x.h
index 464e6d3..0994d19 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/digi00x/digi00x.h
+++ b/sound/firewire/digi00x/digi00x.h
@@ -139,7 +139,8 @@ int snd_dg00x_stream_get_clock(struct snd_dg00x *dg00x,
 int snd_dg00x_stream_check_external_clock(struct snd_dg00x *dg00x,
 					  bool *detect);
 int snd_dg00x_stream_init_duplex(struct snd_dg00x *dg00x);
-int snd_dg00x_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_dg00x *dg00x, unsigned int rate);
+int snd_dg00x_stream_reserve_duplex(struct snd_dg00x *dg00x, unsigned int rate);
+int snd_dg00x_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_dg00x *dg00x);
 void snd_dg00x_stream_stop_duplex(struct snd_dg00x *dg00x);
 void snd_dg00x_stream_update_duplex(struct snd_dg00x *dg00x);
 void snd_dg00x_stream_destroy_duplex(struct snd_dg00x *dg00x);
diff --git a/sound/firewire/fireface/ff-pcm.c b/sound/firewire/fireface/ff-pcm.c
index 0d40bb6..9eab3ad 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/fireface/ff-pcm.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/fireface/ff-pcm.c
@@ -198,8 +198,8 @@ static int pcm_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int pcm_capture_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
-				 struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params)
+static int pcm_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+			 struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params)
 {
 	struct snd_ff *ff = substream->private_data;
 	int err;
@@ -210,58 +210,26 @@ static int pcm_capture_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 		return err;
 
 	if (substream->runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN) {
+		unsigned int rate = params_rate(hw_params);
+
 		mutex_lock(&ff->mutex);
-		ff->substreams_counter++;
+		err = snd_ff_stream_reserve_duplex(ff, rate);
+		if (err >= 0)
+			++ff->substreams_counter;
 		mutex_unlock(&ff->mutex);
 	}
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int pcm_playback_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
-				  struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params)
-{
-	struct snd_ff *ff = substream->private_data;
-	int err;
-
-	err = snd_pcm_lib_alloc_vmalloc_buffer(substream,
-					       params_buffer_bytes(hw_params));
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	if (substream->runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN) {
-		mutex_lock(&ff->mutex);
-		ff->substreams_counter++;
-		mutex_unlock(&ff->mutex);
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int pcm_capture_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+static int pcm_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 {
 	struct snd_ff *ff = substream->private_data;
 
 	mutex_lock(&ff->mutex);
 
 	if (substream->runtime->status->state != SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN)
-		ff->substreams_counter--;
-
-	snd_ff_stream_stop_duplex(ff);
-
-	mutex_unlock(&ff->mutex);
-
-	return snd_pcm_lib_free_vmalloc_buffer(substream);
-}
-
-static int pcm_playback_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
-{
-	struct snd_ff *ff = substream->private_data;
-
-	mutex_lock(&ff->mutex);
-
-	if (substream->runtime->status->state != SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN)
-		ff->substreams_counter--;
+		--ff->substreams_counter;
 
 	snd_ff_stream_stop_duplex(ff);
 
@@ -374,8 +342,8 @@ int snd_ff_create_pcm_devices(struct snd_ff *ff)
 		.open		= pcm_open,
 		.close		= pcm_close,
 		.ioctl		= snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
-		.hw_params	= pcm_capture_hw_params,
-		.hw_free	= pcm_capture_hw_free,
+		.hw_params	= pcm_hw_params,
+		.hw_free	= pcm_hw_free,
 		.prepare	= pcm_capture_prepare,
 		.trigger	= pcm_capture_trigger,
 		.pointer	= pcm_capture_pointer,
@@ -386,8 +354,8 @@ int snd_ff_create_pcm_devices(struct snd_ff *ff)
 		.open		= pcm_open,
 		.close		= pcm_close,
 		.ioctl		= snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
-		.hw_params	= pcm_playback_hw_params,
-		.hw_free	= pcm_playback_hw_free,
+		.hw_params	= pcm_hw_params,
+		.hw_free	= pcm_hw_free,
 		.prepare	= pcm_playback_prepare,
 		.trigger	= pcm_playback_trigger,
 		.pointer	= pcm_playback_pointer,
diff --git a/sound/firewire/fireface/ff-protocol-former.c b/sound/firewire/fireface/ff-protocol-former.c
index 8d1c2c6..bf44cad 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/fireface/ff-protocol-former.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/fireface/ff-protocol-former.c
@@ -293,27 +293,6 @@ static int former_fill_midi_msg(struct snd_ff *ff,
 
 #define FF800_TX_PACKET_ISOC_CH	0x0000801c0008
 
-static int allocate_rx_resources(struct snd_ff *ff)
-{
-	u32 data;
-	__le32 reg;
-	int err;
-
-	// Controllers should allocate isochronous resources for rx stream.
-	err = fw_iso_resources_allocate(&ff->rx_resources,
-				amdtp_stream_get_max_payload(&ff->rx_stream),
-				fw_parent_device(ff->unit)->max_speed);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	// Set isochronous channel and the number of quadlets of rx packets.
-	data = ff->rx_stream.data_block_quadlets << 3;
-	data = (data << 8) | ff->rx_resources.channel;
-	reg = cpu_to_le32(data);
-	return snd_fw_transaction(ff->unit, TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
-				FF800_RX_PACKET_FORMAT, &reg, sizeof(reg), 0);
-}
-
 static int allocate_tx_resources(struct snd_ff *ff)
 {
 	__le32 reg;
@@ -355,8 +334,9 @@ static int allocate_tx_resources(struct snd_ff *ff)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int ff800_begin_session(struct snd_ff *ff, unsigned int rate)
+static int ff800_allocate_resources(struct snd_ff *ff, unsigned int rate)
 {
+	u32 data;
 	__le32 reg;
 	int err;
 
@@ -371,14 +351,38 @@ static int ff800_begin_session(struct snd_ff *ff, unsigned int rate)
 	// Let's sleep for a bit.
 	msleep(100);
 
-	err = allocate_rx_resources(ff);
+	// Controllers should allocate isochronous resources for rx stream.
+	err = fw_iso_resources_allocate(&ff->rx_resources,
+				amdtp_stream_get_max_payload(&ff->rx_stream),
+				fw_parent_device(ff->unit)->max_speed);
 	if (err < 0)
 		return err;
 
-	err = allocate_tx_resources(ff);
+	// Set isochronous channel and the number of quadlets of rx packets.
+	// This should be done before the allocation of tx resources to avoid
+	// periodical noise.
+	data = ff->rx_stream.data_block_quadlets << 3;
+	data = (data << 8) | ff->rx_resources.channel;
+	reg = cpu_to_le32(data);
+	err = snd_fw_transaction(ff->unit, TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
+				 FF800_RX_PACKET_FORMAT, &reg, sizeof(reg), 0);
 	if (err < 0)
 		return err;
 
+	return allocate_tx_resources(ff);
+}
+
+static int ff800_begin_session(struct snd_ff *ff, unsigned int rate)
+{
+	unsigned int generation = ff->rx_resources.generation;
+	__le32 reg;
+
+	if (generation != fw_parent_device(ff->unit)->card->generation) {
+		int err = fw_iso_resources_update(&ff->rx_resources);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+	}
+
 	reg = cpu_to_le32(0x80000000);
 	reg |= cpu_to_le32(ff->tx_stream.data_block_quadlets);
 	if (fw_parent_device(ff->unit)->max_speed == SCODE_800)
@@ -420,6 +424,7 @@ const struct snd_ff_protocol snd_ff_protocol_ff800 = {
 	.fill_midi_msg		= former_fill_midi_msg,
 	.get_clock		= former_get_clock,
 	.switch_fetching_mode	= former_switch_fetching_mode,
+	.allocate_resources	= ff800_allocate_resources,
 	.begin_session		= ff800_begin_session,
 	.finish_session		= ff800_finish_session,
 	.dump_status		= former_dump_status,
@@ -431,12 +436,11 @@ const struct snd_ff_protocol snd_ff_protocol_ff800 = {
 #define FF400_TX_PACKET_FORMAT	0x00008010050cull
 #define FF400_ISOC_COMM_STOP	0x000080100510ull
 
-/*
- * Fireface 400 manages isochronous channel number in 3 bit field. Therefore,
- * we can allocate between 0 and 7 channel.
- */
-static int keep_resources(struct snd_ff *ff, unsigned int rate)
+// Fireface 400 manages isochronous channel number in 3 bit field. Therefore,
+// we can allocate between 0 and 7 channel.
+static int ff400_allocate_resources(struct snd_ff *ff, unsigned int rate)
 {
+	__le32 reg;
 	enum snd_ff_stream_mode mode;
 	int i;
 	int err;
@@ -449,11 +453,20 @@ static int keep_resources(struct snd_ff *ff, unsigned int rate)
 	if (i >= CIP_SFC_COUNT)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
+	// Set the number of data blocks transferred in a second.
+	reg = cpu_to_le32(rate);
+	err = snd_fw_transaction(ff->unit, TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
+				 FF400_STF, &reg, sizeof(reg), 0);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	msleep(100);
+
 	err = snd_ff_stream_get_multiplier_mode(i, &mode);
 	if (err < 0)
 		return err;
 
-	/* Keep resources for in-stream. */
+	// Keep resources for in-stream.
 	ff->tx_resources.channels_mask = 0x00000000000000ffuLL;
 	err = fw_iso_resources_allocate(&ff->tx_resources,
 			amdtp_stream_get_max_payload(&ff->tx_stream),
@@ -461,7 +474,7 @@ static int keep_resources(struct snd_ff *ff, unsigned int rate)
 	if (err < 0)
 		return err;
 
-	/* Keep resources for out-stream. */
+	// Keep resources for out-stream.
 	ff->rx_resources.channels_mask = 0x00000000000000ffuLL;
 	err = fw_iso_resources_allocate(&ff->rx_resources,
 			amdtp_stream_get_max_payload(&ff->rx_stream),
@@ -474,26 +487,22 @@ static int keep_resources(struct snd_ff *ff, unsigned int rate)
 
 static int ff400_begin_session(struct snd_ff *ff, unsigned int rate)
 {
+	unsigned int generation = ff->rx_resources.generation;
 	__le32 reg;
 	int err;
 
-	err = keep_resources(ff, rate);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
+	if (generation != fw_parent_device(ff->unit)->card->generation) {
+		err = fw_iso_resources_update(&ff->tx_resources);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
 
-	/* Set the number of data blocks transferred in a second. */
-	reg = cpu_to_le32(rate);
-	err = snd_fw_transaction(ff->unit, TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
-				 FF400_STF, &reg, sizeof(reg), 0);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
+		err = fw_iso_resources_update(&ff->rx_resources);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+	}
 
-	msleep(100);
-
-	/*
-	 * Set isochronous channel and the number of quadlets of received
-	 * packets.
-	 */
+	// Set isochronous channel and the number of quadlets of received
+	// packets.
 	reg = cpu_to_le32(((ff->rx_stream.data_block_quadlets << 3) << 8) |
 			  ff->rx_resources.channel);
 	err = snd_fw_transaction(ff->unit, TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
@@ -501,11 +510,9 @@ static int ff400_begin_session(struct snd_ff *ff, unsigned int rate)
 	if (err < 0)
 		return err;
 
-	/*
-	 * Set isochronous channel and the number of quadlets of transmitted
-	 * packet.
-	 */
-	/* TODO: investigate the purpose of this 0x80. */
+	// Set isochronous channel and the number of quadlets of transmitted
+	// packet.
+	// TODO: investigate the purpose of this 0x80.
 	reg = cpu_to_le32((0x80 << 24) |
 			  (ff->tx_resources.channel << 5) |
 			  (ff->tx_stream.data_block_quadlets));
@@ -514,7 +521,7 @@ static int ff400_begin_session(struct snd_ff *ff, unsigned int rate)
 	if (err < 0)
 		return err;
 
-	/* Allow to transmit packets. */
+	// Allow to transmit packets.
 	reg = cpu_to_le32(0x00000001);
 	return snd_fw_transaction(ff->unit, TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
 				 FF400_ISOC_COMM_START, &reg, sizeof(reg), 0);
@@ -591,6 +598,7 @@ const struct snd_ff_protocol snd_ff_protocol_ff400 = {
 	.fill_midi_msg		= former_fill_midi_msg,
 	.get_clock		= former_get_clock,
 	.switch_fetching_mode	= former_switch_fetching_mode,
+	.allocate_resources	= ff400_allocate_resources,
 	.begin_session		= ff400_begin_session,
 	.finish_session		= ff400_finish_session,
 	.dump_status		= former_dump_status,
diff --git a/sound/firewire/fireface/ff-protocol-latter.c b/sound/firewire/fireface/ff-protocol-latter.c
index b30d02d..0e4c3a9 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/fireface/ff-protocol-latter.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/fireface/ff-protocol-latter.c
@@ -97,75 +97,31 @@ static int latter_switch_fetching_mode(struct snd_ff *ff, bool enable)
 				  LATTER_FETCH_MODE, &reg, sizeof(reg), 0);
 }
 
-static int keep_resources(struct snd_ff *ff, unsigned int rate)
+static int latter_allocate_resources(struct snd_ff *ff, unsigned int rate)
 {
 	enum snd_ff_stream_mode mode;
-	int i;
-	int err;
-
-	// Check whether the given value is supported or not.
-	for (i = 0; i < CIP_SFC_COUNT; i++) {
-		if (amdtp_rate_table[i] == rate)
-			break;
-	}
-	if (i >= CIP_SFC_COUNT)
-		return -EINVAL;
-
-	err = snd_ff_stream_get_multiplier_mode(i, &mode);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	/* Keep resources for in-stream. */
-	ff->tx_resources.channels_mask = 0x00000000000000ffuLL;
-	err = fw_iso_resources_allocate(&ff->tx_resources,
-			amdtp_stream_get_max_payload(&ff->tx_stream),
-			fw_parent_device(ff->unit)->max_speed);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	/* Keep resources for out-stream. */
-	ff->rx_resources.channels_mask = 0x00000000000000ffuLL;
-	err = fw_iso_resources_allocate(&ff->rx_resources,
-			amdtp_stream_get_max_payload(&ff->rx_stream),
-			fw_parent_device(ff->unit)->max_speed);
-	if (err < 0)
-		fw_iso_resources_free(&ff->tx_resources);
-
-	return err;
-}
-
-static int latter_begin_session(struct snd_ff *ff, unsigned int rate)
-{
-	static const struct {
-		unsigned int stf;
-		unsigned int code;
-		unsigned int flag;
-	} *entry, rate_table[] = {
-		{ 32000,  0x00, 0x92, },
-		{ 44100,  0x02, 0x92, },
-		{ 48000,  0x04, 0x92, },
-		{ 64000,  0x08, 0x8e, },
-		{ 88200,  0x0a, 0x8e, },
-		{ 96000,  0x0c, 0x8e, },
-		{ 128000, 0x10, 0x8c, },
-		{ 176400, 0x12, 0x8c, },
-		{ 192000, 0x14, 0x8c, },
-	};
-	u32 data;
+	unsigned int code;
 	__le32 reg;
 	unsigned int count;
 	int i;
 	int err;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rate_table); ++i) {
-		entry = rate_table + i;
-		if (entry->stf == rate)
-			break;
-	}
-	if (i == ARRAY_SIZE(rate_table))
+	// Set the number of data blocks transferred in a second.
+	if (rate % 32000 == 0)
+		code = 0x00;
+	else if (rate % 44100 == 0)
+		code = 0x02;
+	else if (rate % 48000 == 0)
+		code = 0x04;
+	else
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	reg = cpu_to_le32(entry->code);
+	if (rate >= 64000 && rate < 128000)
+		code |= 0x08;
+	else if (rate >= 128000 && rate < 192000)
+		code |= 0x10;
+
+	reg = cpu_to_le32(code);
 	err = snd_fw_transaction(ff->unit, TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
 				 LATTER_STF, &reg, sizeof(reg), 0);
 	if (err < 0)
@@ -187,10 +143,63 @@ static int latter_begin_session(struct snd_ff *ff, unsigned int rate)
 	if (count == 10)
 		return -ETIMEDOUT;
 
-	err = keep_resources(ff, rate);
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(amdtp_rate_table); ++i) {
+		if (rate == amdtp_rate_table[i])
+			break;
+	}
+	if (i == ARRAY_SIZE(amdtp_rate_table))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	err = snd_ff_stream_get_multiplier_mode(i, &mode);
 	if (err < 0)
 		return err;
 
+	// Keep resources for in-stream.
+	ff->tx_resources.channels_mask = 0x00000000000000ffuLL;
+	err = fw_iso_resources_allocate(&ff->tx_resources,
+			amdtp_stream_get_max_payload(&ff->tx_stream),
+			fw_parent_device(ff->unit)->max_speed);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	// Keep resources for out-stream.
+	ff->rx_resources.channels_mask = 0x00000000000000ffuLL;
+	err = fw_iso_resources_allocate(&ff->rx_resources,
+			amdtp_stream_get_max_payload(&ff->rx_stream),
+			fw_parent_device(ff->unit)->max_speed);
+	if (err < 0)
+		fw_iso_resources_free(&ff->tx_resources);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int latter_begin_session(struct snd_ff *ff, unsigned int rate)
+{
+	unsigned int generation = ff->rx_resources.generation;
+	unsigned int flag;
+	u32 data;
+	__le32 reg;
+	int err;
+
+	if (rate >= 32000 && rate <= 48000)
+		flag = 0x92;
+	else if (rate >= 64000 && rate <= 96000)
+		flag = 0x8e;
+	else if (rate >= 128000 && rate <= 192000)
+		flag = 0x8c;
+	else
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (generation != fw_parent_device(ff->unit)->card->generation) {
+		err = fw_iso_resources_update(&ff->tx_resources);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+
+		err = fw_iso_resources_update(&ff->rx_resources);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+	}
+
 	data = (ff->tx_resources.channel << 8) | ff->rx_resources.channel;
 	reg = cpu_to_le32(data);
 	err = snd_fw_transaction(ff->unit, TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
@@ -200,7 +209,7 @@ static int latter_begin_session(struct snd_ff *ff, unsigned int rate)
 
 	// Always use the maximum number of data channels in data block of
 	// packet.
-	reg = cpu_to_le32(entry->flag);
+	reg = cpu_to_le32(flag);
 	return snd_fw_transaction(ff->unit, TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
 				  LATTER_ISOC_START, &reg, sizeof(reg), 0);
 }
@@ -424,6 +433,7 @@ const struct snd_ff_protocol snd_ff_protocol_latter = {
 	.fill_midi_msg		= latter_fill_midi_msg,
 	.get_clock		= latter_get_clock,
 	.switch_fetching_mode	= latter_switch_fetching_mode,
+	.allocate_resources	= latter_allocate_resources,
 	.begin_session		= latter_begin_session,
 	.finish_session		= latter_finish_session,
 	.dump_status		= latter_dump_status,
diff --git a/sound/firewire/fireface/ff-stream.c b/sound/firewire/fireface/ff-stream.c
index 6dfd2ef..4208b80 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/fireface/ff-stream.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/fireface/ff-stream.c
@@ -30,14 +30,11 @@ int snd_ff_stream_get_multiplier_mode(enum cip_sfc sfc,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void release_resources(struct snd_ff *ff)
-{
-	fw_iso_resources_free(&ff->tx_resources);
-	fw_iso_resources_free(&ff->rx_resources);
-}
-
 static inline void finish_session(struct snd_ff *ff)
 {
+	amdtp_stream_stop(&ff->tx_stream);
+	amdtp_stream_stop(&ff->rx_stream);
+
 	ff->spec->protocol->finish_session(ff);
 	ff->spec->protocol->switch_fetching_mode(ff, false);
 }
@@ -103,37 +100,25 @@ void snd_ff_stream_destroy_duplex(struct snd_ff *ff)
 	destroy_stream(ff, AMDTP_OUT_STREAM);
 }
 
-int snd_ff_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_ff *ff, unsigned int rate)
+int snd_ff_stream_reserve_duplex(struct snd_ff *ff, unsigned int rate)
 {
 	unsigned int curr_rate;
 	enum snd_ff_clock_src src;
 	int err;
 
-	if (ff->substreams_counter == 0)
-		return 0;
-
 	err = ff->spec->protocol->get_clock(ff, &curr_rate, &src);
 	if (err < 0)
 		return err;
-	if (curr_rate != rate ||
-	    amdtp_streaming_error(&ff->tx_stream) ||
-	    amdtp_streaming_error(&ff->rx_stream)) {
-		finish_session(ff);
 
-		amdtp_stream_stop(&ff->tx_stream);
-		amdtp_stream_stop(&ff->rx_stream);
-
-		release_resources(ff);
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Regardless of current source of clock signal, drivers transfer some
-	 * packets. Then, the device transfers packets.
-	 */
-	if (!amdtp_stream_running(&ff->rx_stream)) {
+	if (ff->substreams_counter == 0 || curr_rate != rate) {
 		enum snd_ff_stream_mode mode;
 		int i;
 
+		finish_session(ff);
+
+		fw_iso_resources_free(&ff->tx_resources);
+		fw_iso_resources_free(&ff->rx_resources);
+
 		for (i = 0; i < CIP_SFC_COUNT; ++i) {
 			if (amdtp_rate_table[i] == rate)
 				break;
@@ -155,6 +140,30 @@ int snd_ff_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_ff *ff, unsigned int rate)
 		if (err < 0)
 			return err;
 
+		err = ff->spec->protocol->allocate_resources(ff, rate);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int snd_ff_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_ff *ff, unsigned int rate)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	if (ff->substreams_counter == 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (amdtp_streaming_error(&ff->tx_stream) ||
+	    amdtp_streaming_error(&ff->rx_stream))
+		finish_session(ff);
+
+	/*
+	 * Regardless of current source of clock signal, drivers transfer some
+	 * packets. Then, the device transfers packets.
+	 */
+	if (!amdtp_stream_running(&ff->rx_stream)) {
 		err = ff->spec->protocol->begin_session(ff, rate);
 		if (err < 0)
 			goto error;
@@ -192,37 +201,29 @@ int snd_ff_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_ff *ff, unsigned int rate)
 
 	return 0;
 error:
-	amdtp_stream_stop(&ff->tx_stream);
-	amdtp_stream_stop(&ff->rx_stream);
-
 	finish_session(ff);
-	release_resources(ff);
 
 	return err;
 }
 
 void snd_ff_stream_stop_duplex(struct snd_ff *ff)
 {
-	if (ff->substreams_counter > 0)
-		return;
+	if (ff->substreams_counter == 0) {
+		finish_session(ff);
 
-	amdtp_stream_stop(&ff->tx_stream);
-	amdtp_stream_stop(&ff->rx_stream);
-	finish_session(ff);
-	release_resources(ff);
+		fw_iso_resources_free(&ff->tx_resources);
+		fw_iso_resources_free(&ff->rx_resources);
+	}
 }
 
 void snd_ff_stream_update_duplex(struct snd_ff *ff)
 {
-	/* The device discontinue to transfer packets.  */
+	// The device discontinue to transfer packets.
 	amdtp_stream_pcm_abort(&ff->tx_stream);
 	amdtp_stream_stop(&ff->tx_stream);
 
 	amdtp_stream_pcm_abort(&ff->rx_stream);
 	amdtp_stream_stop(&ff->rx_stream);
-
-	fw_iso_resources_update(&ff->tx_resources);
-	fw_iso_resources_update(&ff->rx_resources);
 }
 
 void snd_ff_stream_lock_changed(struct snd_ff *ff)
diff --git a/sound/firewire/fireface/ff.h b/sound/firewire/fireface/ff.h
index 7fac241..36dd0c7 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/fireface/ff.h
+++ b/sound/firewire/fireface/ff.h
@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@ struct snd_ff_protocol {
 	int (*get_clock)(struct snd_ff *ff, unsigned int *rate,
 			 enum snd_ff_clock_src *src);
 	int (*switch_fetching_mode)(struct snd_ff *ff, bool enable);
+	int (*allocate_resources)(struct snd_ff *ff, unsigned int rate);
 	int (*begin_session)(struct snd_ff *ff, unsigned int rate);
 	void (*finish_session)(struct snd_ff *ff);
 	void (*dump_status)(struct snd_ff *ff, struct snd_info_buffer *buffer);
@@ -136,6 +137,7 @@ int snd_ff_stream_get_multiplier_mode(enum cip_sfc sfc,
 				      enum snd_ff_stream_mode *mode);
 int snd_ff_stream_init_duplex(struct snd_ff *ff);
 void snd_ff_stream_destroy_duplex(struct snd_ff *ff);
+int snd_ff_stream_reserve_duplex(struct snd_ff *ff, unsigned int rate);
 int snd_ff_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_ff *ff, unsigned int rate);
 void snd_ff_stream_stop_duplex(struct snd_ff *ff);
 void snd_ff_stream_update_duplex(struct snd_ff *ff);
diff --git a/sound/firewire/fireworks/fireworks.h b/sound/firewire/fireworks/fireworks.h
index 28df49c..31efd4b 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/fireworks/fireworks.h
+++ b/sound/firewire/fireworks/fireworks.h
@@ -88,8 +88,7 @@ struct snd_efw {
 	struct amdtp_stream rx_stream;
 	struct cmp_connection out_conn;
 	struct cmp_connection in_conn;
-	unsigned int capture_substreams;
-	unsigned int playback_substreams;
+	unsigned int substreams_counter;
 
 	/* hardware metering parameters */
 	unsigned int phys_out;
@@ -206,7 +205,8 @@ int snd_efw_command_get_sampling_rate(struct snd_efw *efw, unsigned int *rate);
 int snd_efw_command_set_sampling_rate(struct snd_efw *efw, unsigned int rate);
 
 int snd_efw_stream_init_duplex(struct snd_efw *efw);
-int snd_efw_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_efw *efw, unsigned int rate);
+int snd_efw_stream_reserve_duplex(struct snd_efw *efw, unsigned int rate);
+int snd_efw_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_efw *efw);
 void snd_efw_stream_stop_duplex(struct snd_efw *efw);
 void snd_efw_stream_update_duplex(struct snd_efw *efw);
 void snd_efw_stream_destroy_duplex(struct snd_efw *efw);
diff --git a/sound/firewire/fireworks/fireworks_midi.c b/sound/firewire/fireworks/fireworks_midi.c
index 14b985c..a9f4a96 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/fireworks/fireworks_midi.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/fireworks/fireworks_midi.c
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
  */
 #include "fireworks.h"
 
-static int midi_capture_open(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream)
+static int midi_open(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream)
 {
 	struct snd_efw *efw = substream->rmidi->private_data;
 	int err;
@@ -17,28 +17,13 @@ static int midi_capture_open(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream)
 		goto end;
 
 	mutex_lock(&efw->mutex);
-	efw->capture_substreams++;
-	err = snd_efw_stream_start_duplex(efw, 0);
-	mutex_unlock(&efw->mutex);
-	if (err < 0)
-		snd_efw_stream_lock_release(efw);
-
-end:
-	return err;
-}
-
-static int midi_playback_open(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream)
-{
-	struct snd_efw *efw = substream->rmidi->private_data;
-	int err;
-
-	err = snd_efw_stream_lock_try(efw);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto end;
-
-	mutex_lock(&efw->mutex);
-	efw->playback_substreams++;
-	err = snd_efw_stream_start_duplex(efw, 0);
+	err = snd_efw_stream_reserve_duplex(efw, 0);
+	if (err >= 0) {
+		++efw->substreams_counter;
+		err = snd_efw_stream_start_duplex(efw);
+		if (err < 0)
+			--efw->substreams_counter;
+	}
 	mutex_unlock(&efw->mutex);
 	if (err < 0)
 		snd_efw_stream_lock_release(efw);
@@ -46,25 +31,12 @@ static int midi_playback_open(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream)
 	return err;
 }
 
-static int midi_capture_close(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream)
+static int midi_close(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream)
 {
 	struct snd_efw *efw = substream->rmidi->private_data;
 
 	mutex_lock(&efw->mutex);
-	efw->capture_substreams--;
-	snd_efw_stream_stop_duplex(efw);
-	mutex_unlock(&efw->mutex);
-
-	snd_efw_stream_lock_release(efw);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int midi_playback_close(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream)
-{
-	struct snd_efw *efw = substream->rmidi->private_data;
-
-	mutex_lock(&efw->mutex);
-	efw->playback_substreams--;
+	--efw->substreams_counter;
 	snd_efw_stream_stop_duplex(efw);
 	mutex_unlock(&efw->mutex);
 
@@ -120,13 +92,13 @@ static void set_midi_substream_names(struct snd_efw *efw,
 int snd_efw_create_midi_devices(struct snd_efw *efw)
 {
 	static const struct snd_rawmidi_ops capture_ops = {
-		.open		= midi_capture_open,
-		.close		= midi_capture_close,
+		.open		= midi_open,
+		.close		= midi_close,
 		.trigger	= midi_capture_trigger,
 	};
 	static const struct snd_rawmidi_ops playback_ops = {
-		.open		= midi_playback_open,
-		.close		= midi_playback_close,
+		.open		= midi_open,
+		.close		= midi_close,
 		.trigger	= midi_playback_trigger,
 	};
 	struct snd_rawmidi *rmidi;
diff --git a/sound/firewire/fireworks/fireworks_pcm.c b/sound/firewire/fireworks/fireworks_pcm.c
index affc50f..a7025dc 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/fireworks/fireworks_pcm.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/fireworks/fireworks_pcm.c
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ static int pcm_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int pcm_capture_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+static int pcm_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 				 struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params)
 {
 	struct snd_efw *efw = substream->private_data;
@@ -230,58 +230,30 @@ static int pcm_capture_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 		return err;
 
 	if (substream->runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN) {
+		unsigned int rate = params_rate(hw_params);
+
 		mutex_lock(&efw->mutex);
-		efw->capture_substreams++;
+		err = snd_efw_stream_reserve_duplex(efw, rate);
+		if (err >= 0)
+			++efw->substreams_counter;
 		mutex_unlock(&efw->mutex);
 	}
 
-	return 0;
-}
-static int pcm_playback_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
-				  struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params)
-{
-	struct snd_efw *efw = substream->private_data;
-	int err;
-
-	err = snd_pcm_lib_alloc_vmalloc_buffer(substream,
-					       params_buffer_bytes(hw_params));
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	if (substream->runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN) {
-		mutex_lock(&efw->mutex);
-		efw->playback_substreams++;
-		mutex_unlock(&efw->mutex);
-	}
-
-	return 0;
+	return err;
 }
 
-static int pcm_capture_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+static int pcm_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 {
 	struct snd_efw *efw = substream->private_data;
 
-	if (substream->runtime->status->state != SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN) {
-		mutex_lock(&efw->mutex);
-		efw->capture_substreams--;
-		mutex_unlock(&efw->mutex);
-	}
+	mutex_lock(&efw->mutex);
+
+	if (substream->runtime->status->state != SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN)
+		--efw->substreams_counter;
 
 	snd_efw_stream_stop_duplex(efw);
 
-	return snd_pcm_lib_free_vmalloc_buffer(substream);
-}
-static int pcm_playback_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
-{
-	struct snd_efw *efw = substream->private_data;
-
-	if (substream->runtime->status->state != SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN) {
-		mutex_lock(&efw->mutex);
-		efw->playback_substreams--;
-		mutex_unlock(&efw->mutex);
-	}
-
-	snd_efw_stream_stop_duplex(efw);
+	mutex_unlock(&efw->mutex);
 
 	return snd_pcm_lib_free_vmalloc_buffer(substream);
 }
@@ -289,10 +261,9 @@ static int pcm_playback_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 static int pcm_capture_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 {
 	struct snd_efw *efw = substream->private_data;
-	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
 	int err;
 
-	err = snd_efw_stream_start_duplex(efw, runtime->rate);
+	err = snd_efw_stream_start_duplex(efw);
 	if (err >= 0)
 		amdtp_stream_pcm_prepare(&efw->tx_stream);
 
@@ -301,10 +272,9 @@ static int pcm_capture_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 static int pcm_playback_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 {
 	struct snd_efw *efw = substream->private_data;
-	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
 	int err;
 
-	err = snd_efw_stream_start_duplex(efw, runtime->rate);
+	err = snd_efw_stream_start_duplex(efw);
 	if (err >= 0)
 		amdtp_stream_pcm_prepare(&efw->rx_stream);
 
@@ -377,8 +347,8 @@ int snd_efw_create_pcm_devices(struct snd_efw *efw)
 		.open		= pcm_open,
 		.close		= pcm_close,
 		.ioctl		= snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
-		.hw_params	= pcm_capture_hw_params,
-		.hw_free	= pcm_capture_hw_free,
+		.hw_params	= pcm_hw_params,
+		.hw_free	= pcm_hw_free,
 		.prepare	= pcm_capture_prepare,
 		.trigger	= pcm_capture_trigger,
 		.pointer	= pcm_capture_pointer,
@@ -389,8 +359,8 @@ int snd_efw_create_pcm_devices(struct snd_efw *efw)
 		.open		= pcm_open,
 		.close		= pcm_close,
 		.ioctl		= snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
-		.hw_params	= pcm_playback_hw_params,
-		.hw_free	= pcm_playback_hw_free,
+		.hw_params	= pcm_hw_params,
+		.hw_free	= pcm_hw_free,
 		.prepare	= pcm_playback_prepare,
 		.trigger	= pcm_playback_trigger,
 		.pointer	= pcm_playback_pointer,
diff --git a/sound/firewire/fireworks/fireworks_stream.c b/sound/firewire/fireworks/fireworks_stream.c
index 2d30954..e659a0b 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/fireworks/fireworks_stream.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/fireworks/fireworks_stream.c
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ init_stream(struct snd_efw *efw, struct amdtp_stream *stream)
 static void
 stop_stream(struct snd_efw *efw, struct amdtp_stream *stream)
 {
-	amdtp_stream_pcm_abort(stream);
 	amdtp_stream_stop(stream);
 
 	if (stream == &efw->tx_stream)
@@ -51,54 +50,37 @@ stop_stream(struct snd_efw *efw, struct amdtp_stream *stream)
 		cmp_connection_break(&efw->in_conn);
 }
 
-static int
-start_stream(struct snd_efw *efw, struct amdtp_stream *stream,
-	     unsigned int sampling_rate)
+static int start_stream(struct snd_efw *efw, struct amdtp_stream *stream,
+			unsigned int rate)
 {
 	struct cmp_connection *conn;
-	unsigned int mode, pcm_channels, midi_ports;
 	int err;
 
-	err = snd_efw_get_multiplier_mode(sampling_rate, &mode);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto end;
-	if (stream == &efw->tx_stream) {
+	if (stream == &efw->tx_stream)
 		conn = &efw->out_conn;
-		pcm_channels = efw->pcm_capture_channels[mode];
-		midi_ports = efw->midi_out_ports;
-	} else {
+	else
 		conn = &efw->in_conn;
-		pcm_channels = efw->pcm_playback_channels[mode];
-		midi_ports = efw->midi_in_ports;
-	}
 
-	err = amdtp_am824_set_parameters(stream, sampling_rate,
-					 pcm_channels, midi_ports, false);
+	// Establish connection via CMP.
+	err = cmp_connection_establish(conn);
 	if (err < 0)
-		goto end;
+		return err;
 
-	/*  establish connection via CMP */
-	err = cmp_connection_establish(conn,
-				amdtp_stream_get_max_payload(stream));
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto end;
-
-	/* start amdtp stream */
-	err = amdtp_stream_start(stream,
-				 conn->resources.channel,
-				 conn->speed);
+	// Start amdtp stream.
+	err = amdtp_stream_start(stream, conn->resources.channel, conn->speed);
 	if (err < 0) {
-		stop_stream(efw, stream);
-		goto end;
+		cmp_connection_break(conn);
+		return err;
 	}
 
-	/* wait first callback */
+	// Wait first callback.
 	if (!amdtp_stream_wait_callback(stream, CALLBACK_TIMEOUT)) {
-		stop_stream(efw, stream);
-		err = -ETIMEDOUT;
+		amdtp_stream_stop(stream);
+		cmp_connection_break(conn);
+		return -ETIMEDOUT;
 	}
-end:
-	return err;
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -164,13 +146,13 @@ int snd_efw_stream_init_duplex(struct snd_efw *efw)
 	    (efw->firmware_version == 0x5070000 ||
 	     efw->firmware_version == 0x5070300 ||
 	     efw->firmware_version == 0x5080000))
-		efw->tx_stream.tx_first_dbc = 0x02;
+		efw->tx_stream.ctx_data.tx.first_dbc = 0x02;
 	/* AudioFire9 always reports wrong dbs. */
 	if (efw->is_af9)
 		efw->tx_stream.flags |= CIP_WRONG_DBS;
 	/* Firmware version 5.5 reports fixed interval for dbc. */
 	if (efw->firmware_version == 0x5050000)
-		efw->tx_stream.tx_dbc_interval = 8;
+		efw->tx_stream.ctx_data.tx.dbc_interval = 8;
 
 	err = init_stream(efw, &efw->rx_stream);
 	if (err < 0) {
@@ -188,75 +170,135 @@ int snd_efw_stream_init_duplex(struct snd_efw *efw)
 	return err;
 }
 
-int snd_efw_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_efw *efw, unsigned int rate)
+static int keep_resources(struct snd_efw *efw, struct amdtp_stream *stream,
+			  unsigned int rate, unsigned int mode)
+{
+	unsigned int pcm_channels;
+	unsigned int midi_ports;
+	struct cmp_connection *conn;
+	int err;
+
+	if (stream == &efw->tx_stream) {
+		pcm_channels = efw->pcm_capture_channels[mode];
+		midi_ports = efw->midi_out_ports;
+		conn = &efw->out_conn;
+	} else {
+		pcm_channels = efw->pcm_playback_channels[mode];
+		midi_ports = efw->midi_in_ports;
+		conn = &efw->in_conn;
+	}
+
+	err = amdtp_am824_set_parameters(stream, rate, pcm_channels,
+					 midi_ports, false);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	return cmp_connection_reserve(conn, amdtp_stream_get_max_payload(stream));
+}
+
+int snd_efw_stream_reserve_duplex(struct snd_efw *efw, unsigned int rate)
 {
 	unsigned int curr_rate;
-	int err = 0;
+	int err;
 
-	/* Need no substreams */
-	if (efw->playback_substreams == 0 && efw->capture_substreams  == 0)
-		goto end;
-
-	/*
-	 * Considering JACK/FFADO streaming:
-	 * TODO: This can be removed hwdep functionality becomes popular.
-	 */
+	// Considering JACK/FFADO streaming:
+	// TODO: This can be removed hwdep functionality becomes popular.
 	err = check_connection_used_by_others(efw, &efw->rx_stream);
 	if (err < 0)
-		goto end;
+		return err;
 
-	/* packet queueing error */
-	if (amdtp_streaming_error(&efw->tx_stream))
-		stop_stream(efw, &efw->tx_stream);
-	if (amdtp_streaming_error(&efw->rx_stream))
-		stop_stream(efw, &efw->rx_stream);
-
-	/* stop streams if rate is different */
+	// stop streams if rate is different.
 	err = snd_efw_command_get_sampling_rate(efw, &curr_rate);
 	if (err < 0)
-		goto end;
+		return err;
 	if (rate == 0)
 		rate = curr_rate;
 	if (rate != curr_rate) {
 		stop_stream(efw, &efw->tx_stream);
 		stop_stream(efw, &efw->rx_stream);
+
+		cmp_connection_release(&efw->out_conn);
+		cmp_connection_release(&efw->in_conn);
+	}
+
+	if (efw->substreams_counter == 0 || rate != curr_rate) {
+		unsigned int mode;
+
+		err = snd_efw_command_set_sampling_rate(efw, rate);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+
+		err = snd_efw_get_multiplier_mode(rate, &mode);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+
+		err = keep_resources(efw, &efw->tx_stream, rate, mode);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+
+		err = keep_resources(efw, &efw->rx_stream, rate, mode);
+		if (err < 0) {
+			cmp_connection_release(&efw->in_conn);
+			return err;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int snd_efw_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_efw *efw)
+{
+	unsigned int rate;
+	int err = 0;
+
+	// Need no substreams.
+	if (efw->substreams_counter == 0)
+		return -EIO;
+
+	err = snd_efw_command_get_sampling_rate(efw, &rate);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	if (amdtp_streaming_error(&efw->rx_stream) ||
+	    amdtp_streaming_error(&efw->tx_stream)) {
+		stop_stream(efw, &efw->rx_stream);
+		stop_stream(efw, &efw->tx_stream);
 	}
 
 	/* master should be always running */
 	if (!amdtp_stream_running(&efw->rx_stream)) {
-		err = snd_efw_command_set_sampling_rate(efw, rate);
-		if (err < 0)
-			goto end;
-
 		err = start_stream(efw, &efw->rx_stream, rate);
 		if (err < 0) {
 			dev_err(&efw->unit->device,
 				"fail to start AMDTP master stream:%d\n", err);
-			goto end;
+			goto error;
 		}
 	}
 
-	/* start slave if needed */
-	if (efw->capture_substreams > 0 &&
-	    !amdtp_stream_running(&efw->tx_stream)) {
+	if (!amdtp_stream_running(&efw->tx_stream)) {
 		err = start_stream(efw, &efw->tx_stream, rate);
 		if (err < 0) {
 			dev_err(&efw->unit->device,
 				"fail to start AMDTP slave stream:%d\n", err);
-			stop_stream(efw, &efw->rx_stream);
+			goto error;
 		}
 	}
-end:
+
+	return 0;
+error:
+	stop_stream(efw, &efw->rx_stream);
+	stop_stream(efw, &efw->tx_stream);
 	return err;
 }
 
 void snd_efw_stream_stop_duplex(struct snd_efw *efw)
 {
-	if (efw->capture_substreams == 0) {
+	if (efw->substreams_counter == 0) {
 		stop_stream(efw, &efw->tx_stream);
+		stop_stream(efw, &efw->rx_stream);
 
-		if (efw->playback_substreams == 0)
-			stop_stream(efw, &efw->rx_stream);
+		cmp_connection_release(&efw->out_conn);
+		cmp_connection_release(&efw->in_conn);
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/sound/firewire/motu/amdtp-motu-trace.h b/sound/firewire/motu/amdtp-motu-trace.h
index 4d2351c..3d36f12 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/motu/amdtp-motu-trace.h
+++ b/sound/firewire/motu/amdtp-motu-trace.h
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ static void copy_sph(u32 *frame, __be32 *buffer, unsigned int data_blocks,
 static void copy_message(u64 *frames, __be32 *buffer, unsigned int data_blocks,
 			 unsigned int data_block_quadlets);
 
-TRACE_EVENT(in_data_block_sph,
+TRACE_EVENT(data_block_sph,
 	TP_PROTO(struct amdtp_stream *s, unsigned int data_blocks, __be32 *buffer),
 	TP_ARGS(s, data_blocks, buffer),
 	TP_STRUCT__entry(
@@ -28,8 +28,13 @@ TRACE_EVENT(in_data_block_sph,
 		__dynamic_array(u32, tstamps, data_blocks)
 	),
 	TP_fast_assign(
-		__entry->src = fw_parent_device(s->unit)->node_id;
-		__entry->dst = fw_parent_device(s->unit)->card->node_id;
+		if (s->direction == AMDTP_IN_STREAM) {
+			__entry->src = fw_parent_device(s->unit)->node_id;
+			__entry->dst = fw_parent_device(s->unit)->card->node_id;
+		} else {
+			__entry->src = fw_parent_device(s->unit)->card->node_id;
+			__entry->dst = fw_parent_device(s->unit)->node_id;
+		}
 		__entry->data_blocks = data_blocks;
 		copy_sph(__get_dynamic_array(tstamps), buffer, data_blocks, s->data_block_quadlets);
 	),
@@ -42,31 +47,7 @@ TRACE_EVENT(in_data_block_sph,
 	)
 );
 
-TRACE_EVENT(out_data_block_sph,
-	TP_PROTO(struct amdtp_stream *s, unsigned int data_blocks, __be32 *buffer),
-	TP_ARGS(s, data_blocks, buffer),
-	TP_STRUCT__entry(
-		__field(int, src)
-		__field(int, dst)
-		__field(unsigned int, data_blocks)
-		__dynamic_array(u32, tstamps, data_blocks)
-	),
-	TP_fast_assign(
-		__entry->src = fw_parent_device(s->unit)->card->node_id;
-		__entry->dst = fw_parent_device(s->unit)->node_id;
-		__entry->data_blocks = data_blocks;
-		copy_sph(__get_dynamic_array(tstamps), buffer, data_blocks, s->data_block_quadlets);
-	),
-	TP_printk(
-		"%04x %04x %u %s",
-		__entry->src,
-		__entry->dst,
-		__entry->data_blocks,
-		__print_array(__get_dynamic_array(tstamps), __entry->data_blocks, 4)
-	)
-);
-
-TRACE_EVENT(in_data_block_message,
+TRACE_EVENT(data_block_message,
 	TP_PROTO(struct amdtp_stream *s, unsigned int data_blocks, __be32 *buffer),
 	TP_ARGS(s, data_blocks, buffer),
 	TP_STRUCT__entry(
@@ -76,32 +57,13 @@ TRACE_EVENT(in_data_block_message,
 		__dynamic_array(u64, messages, data_blocks)
 	),
 	TP_fast_assign(
-		__entry->src = fw_parent_device(s->unit)->node_id;
-		__entry->dst = fw_parent_device(s->unit)->card->node_id;
-		__entry->data_blocks = data_blocks;
-		copy_message(__get_dynamic_array(messages), buffer, data_blocks, s->data_block_quadlets);
-	),
-	TP_printk(
-		"%04x %04x %u %s",
-		__entry->src,
-		__entry->dst,
-		__entry->data_blocks,
-		__print_array(__get_dynamic_array(messages), __entry->data_blocks, 8)
-	)
-);
-
-TRACE_EVENT(out_data_block_message,
-	TP_PROTO(struct amdtp_stream *s, unsigned int data_blocks, __be32 *buffer),
-	TP_ARGS(s, data_blocks, buffer),
-	TP_STRUCT__entry(
-		__field(int, src)
-		__field(int, dst)
-		__field(unsigned int, data_blocks)
-		__dynamic_array(u64, messages, data_blocks)
-	),
-	TP_fast_assign(
-		__entry->src = fw_parent_device(s->unit)->card->node_id;
-		__entry->dst = fw_parent_device(s->unit)->node_id;
+		if (s->direction == AMDTP_IN_STREAM) {
+			__entry->src = fw_parent_device(s->unit)->node_id;
+			__entry->dst = fw_parent_device(s->unit)->card->node_id;
+		} else {
+			__entry->src = fw_parent_device(s->unit)->card->node_id;
+			__entry->dst = fw_parent_device(s->unit)->node_id;
+		}
 		__entry->data_blocks = data_blocks;
 		copy_message(__get_dynamic_array(messages), buffer, data_blocks, s->data_block_quadlets);
 	),
diff --git a/sound/firewire/motu/amdtp-motu.c b/sound/firewire/motu/amdtp-motu.c
index 782d1fa..7973ded 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/motu/amdtp-motu.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/motu/amdtp-motu.c
@@ -305,8 +305,8 @@ static unsigned int process_tx_data_blocks(struct amdtp_stream *s,
 	struct amdtp_motu *p = s->protocol;
 	struct snd_pcm_substream *pcm;
 
-	trace_in_data_block_sph(s, data_blocks, buffer);
-	trace_in_data_block_message(s, data_blocks, buffer);
+	trace_data_block_sph(s, data_blocks, buffer);
+	trace_data_block_message(s, data_blocks, buffer);
 
 	if (p->midi_ports)
 		read_midi_messages(s, buffer, data_blocks);
@@ -383,8 +383,8 @@ static unsigned int process_rx_data_blocks(struct amdtp_stream *s,
 
 	write_sph(s, buffer, data_blocks);
 
-	trace_out_data_block_sph(s, data_blocks, buffer);
-	trace_out_data_block_message(s, data_blocks, buffer);
+	trace_data_block_sph(s, data_blocks, buffer);
+	trace_data_block_message(s, data_blocks, buffer);
 
 	return data_blocks;
 }
@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ int amdtp_motu_init(struct amdtp_stream *s, struct fw_unit *unit,
 		return err;
 
 	s->sph = 1;
-	s->fdf = MOTU_FDF_AM824;
+	s->ctx_data.rx.fdf = MOTU_FDF_AM824;
 
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/sound/firewire/motu/motu-midi.c b/sound/firewire/motu/motu-midi.c
index 75f6b2e..46a0035 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/motu/motu-midi.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/motu/motu-midi.c
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  */
 #include "motu.h"
 
-static int midi_capture_open(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream)
+static int midi_open(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream)
 {
 	struct snd_motu *motu = substream->rmidi->private_data;
 	int err;
@@ -17,8 +17,13 @@ static int midi_capture_open(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream)
 
 	mutex_lock(&motu->mutex);
 
-	motu->capture_substreams++;
-	err = snd_motu_stream_start_duplex(motu, 0);
+	err = snd_motu_stream_reserve_duplex(motu, 0);
+	if (err >= 0) {
+		++motu->substreams_counter;
+		err = snd_motu_stream_start_duplex(motu);
+		if (err < 0)
+			--motu->substreams_counter;
+	}
 
 	mutex_unlock(&motu->mutex);
 
@@ -28,50 +33,13 @@ static int midi_capture_open(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream)
 	return err;
 }
 
-static int midi_playback_open(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream)
-{
-	struct snd_motu *motu = substream->rmidi->private_data;
-	int err;
-
-	err = snd_motu_stream_lock_try(motu);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	mutex_lock(&motu->mutex);
-
-	motu->playback_substreams++;
-	err = snd_motu_stream_start_duplex(motu, 0);
-
-	mutex_unlock(&motu->mutex);
-
-	if (err < 0)
-		snd_motu_stream_lock_release(motu);
-
-	return err;
-}
-
-static int midi_capture_close(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream)
+static int midi_close(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream)
 {
 	struct snd_motu *motu = substream->rmidi->private_data;
 
 	mutex_lock(&motu->mutex);
 
-	motu->capture_substreams--;
-	snd_motu_stream_stop_duplex(motu);
-
-	mutex_unlock(&motu->mutex);
-
-	snd_motu_stream_lock_release(motu);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int midi_playback_close(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream)
-{
-	struct snd_motu *motu = substream->rmidi->private_data;
-
-	mutex_lock(&motu->mutex);
-
-	motu->playback_substreams--;
+	--motu->substreams_counter;
 	snd_motu_stream_stop_duplex(motu);
 
 	mutex_unlock(&motu->mutex);
@@ -128,13 +96,13 @@ static void set_midi_substream_names(struct snd_motu *motu,
 int snd_motu_create_midi_devices(struct snd_motu *motu)
 {
 	static const struct snd_rawmidi_ops capture_ops = {
-		.open		= midi_capture_open,
-		.close		= midi_capture_close,
+		.open		= midi_open,
+		.close		= midi_close,
 		.trigger	= midi_capture_trigger,
 	};
 	static const struct snd_rawmidi_ops playback_ops = {
-		.open		= midi_playback_open,
-		.close		= midi_playback_close,
+		.open		= midi_open,
+		.close		= midi_close,
 		.trigger	= midi_playback_trigger,
 	};
 	struct snd_rawmidi *rmidi;
diff --git a/sound/firewire/motu/motu-pcm.c b/sound/firewire/motu/motu-pcm.c
index 5e7db7a..aa2e584 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/motu/motu-pcm.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/motu/motu-pcm.c
@@ -189,8 +189,8 @@ static int pcm_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int capture_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
-			     struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params)
+static int pcm_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+			 struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params)
 {
 	struct snd_motu *motu = substream->private_data;
 	int err;
@@ -201,57 +201,26 @@ static int capture_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 		return err;
 
 	if (substream->runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN) {
+		unsigned int rate = params_rate(hw_params);
+
 		mutex_lock(&motu->mutex);
-		motu->capture_substreams++;
+		err = snd_motu_stream_reserve_duplex(motu, rate);
+		if (err >= 0)
+			++motu->substreams_counter;
 		mutex_unlock(&motu->mutex);
 	}
 
-	return 0;
-}
-static int playback_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
-			      struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params)
-{
-	struct snd_motu *motu = substream->private_data;
-	int err;
-
-	err = snd_pcm_lib_alloc_vmalloc_buffer(substream,
-					       params_buffer_bytes(hw_params));
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	if (substream->runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN) {
-		mutex_lock(&motu->mutex);
-		motu->playback_substreams++;
-		mutex_unlock(&motu->mutex);
-	}
-
-	return 0;
+	return err;
 }
 
-static int capture_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+static int pcm_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 {
 	struct snd_motu *motu = substream->private_data;
 
 	mutex_lock(&motu->mutex);
 
 	if (substream->runtime->status->state != SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN)
-		motu->capture_substreams--;
-
-	snd_motu_stream_stop_duplex(motu);
-
-	mutex_unlock(&motu->mutex);
-
-	return snd_pcm_lib_free_vmalloc_buffer(substream);
-}
-
-static int playback_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
-{
-	struct snd_motu *motu = substream->private_data;
-
-	mutex_lock(&motu->mutex);
-
-	if (substream->runtime->status->state != SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN)
-		motu->playback_substreams--;
+		--motu->substreams_counter;
 
 	snd_motu_stream_stop_duplex(motu);
 
@@ -266,7 +235,7 @@ static int capture_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 	int err;
 
 	mutex_lock(&motu->mutex);
-	err = snd_motu_stream_start_duplex(motu, substream->runtime->rate);
+	err = snd_motu_stream_start_duplex(motu);
 	mutex_unlock(&motu->mutex);
 	if (err >= 0)
 		amdtp_stream_pcm_prepare(&motu->tx_stream);
@@ -279,7 +248,7 @@ static int playback_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 	int err;
 
 	mutex_lock(&motu->mutex);
-	err = snd_motu_stream_start_duplex(motu, substream->runtime->rate);
+	err = snd_motu_stream_start_duplex(motu);
 	mutex_unlock(&motu->mutex);
 	if (err >= 0)
 		amdtp_stream_pcm_prepare(&motu->rx_stream);
@@ -355,8 +324,8 @@ int snd_motu_create_pcm_devices(struct snd_motu *motu)
 		.open      = pcm_open,
 		.close     = pcm_close,
 		.ioctl     = snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
-		.hw_params = capture_hw_params,
-		.hw_free   = capture_hw_free,
+		.hw_params = pcm_hw_params,
+		.hw_free   = pcm_hw_free,
 		.prepare   = capture_prepare,
 		.trigger   = capture_trigger,
 		.pointer   = capture_pointer,
@@ -367,8 +336,8 @@ int snd_motu_create_pcm_devices(struct snd_motu *motu)
 		.open      = pcm_open,
 		.close     = pcm_close,
 		.ioctl     = snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
-		.hw_params = playback_hw_params,
-		.hw_free   = playback_hw_free,
+		.hw_params = pcm_hw_params,
+		.hw_free   = pcm_hw_free,
 		.prepare   = playback_prepare,
 		.trigger   = playback_trigger,
 		.pointer   = playback_pointer,
diff --git a/sound/firewire/motu/motu-stream.c b/sound/firewire/motu/motu-stream.c
index 81f7edc..2bbb335 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/motu/motu-stream.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/motu/motu-stream.c
@@ -25,48 +25,47 @@
 #define  RX_PACKET_EXCLUDE_DIFFERED_DATA_CHUNKS	0x00000040
 #define  TX_PACKET_TRANSMISSION_SPEED_MASK	0x0000000f
 
-static int start_both_streams(struct snd_motu *motu, unsigned int rate)
+static int keep_resources(struct snd_motu *motu, unsigned int rate,
+			  struct amdtp_stream *stream)
 {
+	struct fw_iso_resources *resources;
+	struct snd_motu_packet_format *packet_format;
 	unsigned int midi_ports = 0;
+	int err;
+
+	if (stream == &motu->rx_stream) {
+		resources = &motu->rx_resources;
+		packet_format = &motu->rx_packet_formats;
+
+		if ((motu->spec->flags & SND_MOTU_SPEC_RX_MIDI_2ND_Q) ||
+		    (motu->spec->flags & SND_MOTU_SPEC_RX_MIDI_3RD_Q))
+			midi_ports = 1;
+	} else {
+		resources = &motu->tx_resources;
+		packet_format = &motu->tx_packet_formats;
+
+		if ((motu->spec->flags & SND_MOTU_SPEC_TX_MIDI_2ND_Q) ||
+		    (motu->spec->flags & SND_MOTU_SPEC_TX_MIDI_3RD_Q))
+			midi_ports = 1;
+	}
+
+	err = amdtp_motu_set_parameters(stream, rate, midi_ports,
+					packet_format);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	return fw_iso_resources_allocate(resources,
+				amdtp_stream_get_max_payload(stream),
+				fw_parent_device(motu->unit)->max_speed);
+}
+
+static int begin_session(struct snd_motu *motu)
+{
 	__be32 reg;
 	u32 data;
 	int err;
 
-	if ((motu->spec->flags & SND_MOTU_SPEC_RX_MIDI_2ND_Q) ||
-	    (motu->spec->flags & SND_MOTU_SPEC_RX_MIDI_3RD_Q))
-		midi_ports = 1;
-
-	/* Set packet formation to our packet streaming engine. */
-	err = amdtp_motu_set_parameters(&motu->rx_stream, rate, midi_ports,
-					&motu->rx_packet_formats);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	if ((motu->spec->flags & SND_MOTU_SPEC_TX_MIDI_2ND_Q) ||
-	    (motu->spec->flags & SND_MOTU_SPEC_TX_MIDI_3RD_Q))
-		midi_ports = 1;
-	else
-		midi_ports = 0;
-
-	err = amdtp_motu_set_parameters(&motu->tx_stream, rate, midi_ports,
-					&motu->tx_packet_formats);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	/* Get isochronous resources on the bus. */
-	err = fw_iso_resources_allocate(&motu->rx_resources,
-				amdtp_stream_get_max_payload(&motu->rx_stream),
-				fw_parent_device(motu->unit)->max_speed);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	err = fw_iso_resources_allocate(&motu->tx_resources,
-				amdtp_stream_get_max_payload(&motu->tx_stream),
-				fw_parent_device(motu->unit)->max_speed);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	/* Configure the unit to start isochronous communication. */
+	// Configure the unit to start isochronous communication.
 	err = snd_motu_transaction_read(motu, ISOC_COMM_CONTROL_OFFSET, &reg,
 					sizeof(reg));
 	if (err < 0)
@@ -83,7 +82,7 @@ static int start_both_streams(struct snd_motu *motu, unsigned int rate)
 					  sizeof(reg));
 }
 
-static void stop_both_streams(struct snd_motu *motu)
+static void finish_session(struct snd_motu *motu)
 {
 	__be32 reg;
 	u32 data;
@@ -93,6 +92,9 @@ static void stop_both_streams(struct snd_motu *motu)
 	if (err < 0)
 		return;
 
+	amdtp_stream_stop(&motu->tx_stream);
+	amdtp_stream_stop(&motu->rx_stream);
+
 	err = snd_motu_transaction_read(motu, ISOC_COMM_CONTROL_OFFSET, &reg,
 					sizeof(reg));
 	if (err < 0)
@@ -105,9 +107,6 @@ static void stop_both_streams(struct snd_motu *motu)
 	reg = cpu_to_be32(data);
 	snd_motu_transaction_write(motu, ISOC_COMM_CONTROL_OFFSET, &reg,
 				   sizeof(reg));
-
-	fw_iso_resources_free(&motu->tx_resources);
-	fw_iso_resources_free(&motu->rx_resources);
 }
 
 static int start_isoc_ctx(struct snd_motu *motu, struct amdtp_stream *stream)
@@ -125,28 +124,12 @@ static int start_isoc_ctx(struct snd_motu *motu, struct amdtp_stream *stream)
 	if (err < 0)
 		return err;
 
-	if (!amdtp_stream_wait_callback(stream, CALLBACK_TIMEOUT)) {
-		amdtp_stream_stop(stream);
-		fw_iso_resources_free(resources);
+	if (!amdtp_stream_wait_callback(stream, CALLBACK_TIMEOUT))
 		return -ETIMEDOUT;
-	}
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void stop_isoc_ctx(struct snd_motu *motu, struct amdtp_stream *stream)
-{
-	struct fw_iso_resources *resources;
-
-	if (stream == &motu->rx_stream)
-		resources = &motu->rx_resources;
-	else
-		resources = &motu->tx_resources;
-
-	amdtp_stream_stop(stream);
-	fw_iso_resources_free(resources);
-}
-
 int snd_motu_stream_cache_packet_formats(struct snd_motu *motu)
 {
 	int err;
@@ -174,6 +157,48 @@ int snd_motu_stream_cache_packet_formats(struct snd_motu *motu)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+int snd_motu_stream_reserve_duplex(struct snd_motu *motu, unsigned int rate)
+{
+	unsigned int curr_rate;
+	int err;
+
+	err = motu->spec->protocol->get_clock_rate(motu, &curr_rate);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	if (rate == 0)
+		rate = curr_rate;
+
+	if (motu->substreams_counter == 0 || curr_rate != rate) {
+		finish_session(motu);
+
+		fw_iso_resources_free(&motu->tx_resources);
+		fw_iso_resources_free(&motu->rx_resources);
+
+		err = motu->spec->protocol->set_clock_rate(motu, rate);
+		if (err < 0) {
+			dev_err(&motu->unit->device,
+				"fail to set sampling rate: %d\n", err);
+			return err;
+		}
+
+		err = snd_motu_stream_cache_packet_formats(motu);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+
+		err = keep_resources(motu, rate, &motu->tx_stream);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+
+		err = keep_resources(motu, rate, &motu->rx_stream);
+		if (err < 0) {
+			fw_iso_resources_free(&motu->tx_resources);
+			return err;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int ensure_packet_formats(struct snd_motu *motu)
 {
 	__be32 reg;
@@ -200,55 +225,34 @@ static int ensure_packet_formats(struct snd_motu *motu)
 					  sizeof(reg));
 }
 
-int snd_motu_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_motu *motu, unsigned int rate)
+int snd_motu_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_motu *motu)
 {
-	const struct snd_motu_protocol *protocol = motu->spec->protocol;
-	unsigned int curr_rate;
+	unsigned int generation = motu->rx_resources.generation;
 	int err = 0;
 
-	if (motu->capture_substreams == 0 && motu->playback_substreams == 0)
+	if (motu->substreams_counter == 0)
 		return 0;
 
-	/* Some packet queueing errors. */
 	if (amdtp_streaming_error(&motu->rx_stream) ||
-	    amdtp_streaming_error(&motu->tx_stream)) {
-		amdtp_stream_stop(&motu->rx_stream);
-		amdtp_stream_stop(&motu->tx_stream);
-		stop_both_streams(motu);
-	}
+	    amdtp_streaming_error(&motu->tx_stream))
+		finish_session(motu);
 
-	err = snd_motu_stream_cache_packet_formats(motu);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
+	if (generation != fw_parent_device(motu->unit)->card->generation) {
+		err = fw_iso_resources_update(&motu->rx_resources);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
 
-	/* Stop stream if rate is different. */
-	err = protocol->get_clock_rate(motu, &curr_rate);
-	if (err < 0) {
-		dev_err(&motu->unit->device,
-			"fail to get sampling rate: %d\n", err);
-		return err;
-	}
-	if (rate == 0)
-		rate = curr_rate;
-	if (rate != curr_rate) {
-		amdtp_stream_stop(&motu->rx_stream);
-		amdtp_stream_stop(&motu->tx_stream);
-		stop_both_streams(motu);
+		err = fw_iso_resources_update(&motu->tx_resources);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
 	}
 
 	if (!amdtp_stream_running(&motu->rx_stream)) {
-		err = protocol->set_clock_rate(motu, rate);
-		if (err < 0) {
-			dev_err(&motu->unit->device,
-				"fail to set sampling rate: %d\n", err);
-			return err;
-		}
-
 		err = ensure_packet_formats(motu);
 		if (err < 0)
 			return err;
 
-		err = start_both_streams(motu, rate);
+		err = begin_session(motu);
 		if (err < 0) {
 			dev_err(&motu->unit->device,
 				"fail to start isochronous comm: %d\n", err);
@@ -262,7 +266,7 @@ int snd_motu_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_motu *motu, unsigned int rate)
 			goto stop_streams;
 		}
 
-		err = protocol->switch_fetching_mode(motu, true);
+		err = motu->spec->protocol->switch_fetching_mode(motu, true);
 		if (err < 0) {
 			dev_err(&motu->unit->device,
 				"fail to enable frame fetching: %d\n", err);
@@ -270,13 +274,11 @@ int snd_motu_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_motu *motu, unsigned int rate)
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (!amdtp_stream_running(&motu->tx_stream) &&
-	    motu->capture_substreams > 0) {
+	if (!amdtp_stream_running(&motu->tx_stream)) {
 		err = start_isoc_ctx(motu, &motu->tx_stream);
 		if (err < 0) {
 			dev_err(&motu->unit->device,
 				"fail to start IR context: %d", err);
-			amdtp_stream_stop(&motu->rx_stream);
 			goto stop_streams;
 		}
 	}
@@ -284,21 +286,17 @@ int snd_motu_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_motu *motu, unsigned int rate)
 	return 0;
 
 stop_streams:
-	stop_both_streams(motu);
+	finish_session(motu);
 	return err;
 }
 
 void snd_motu_stream_stop_duplex(struct snd_motu *motu)
 {
-	if (motu->capture_substreams == 0) {
-		if (amdtp_stream_running(&motu->tx_stream))
-			stop_isoc_ctx(motu, &motu->tx_stream);
+	if (motu->substreams_counter == 0) {
+		finish_session(motu);
 
-		if (motu->playback_substreams == 0) {
-			if (amdtp_stream_running(&motu->rx_stream))
-				stop_isoc_ctx(motu, &motu->rx_stream);
-			stop_both_streams(motu);
-		}
+		fw_iso_resources_free(&motu->tx_resources);
+		fw_iso_resources_free(&motu->rx_resources);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -371,8 +369,7 @@ void snd_motu_stream_destroy_duplex(struct snd_motu *motu)
 	destroy_stream(motu, AMDTP_IN_STREAM);
 	destroy_stream(motu, AMDTP_OUT_STREAM);
 
-	motu->playback_substreams = 0;
-	motu->capture_substreams = 0;
+	motu->substreams_counter = 0;
 }
 
 static void motu_lock_changed(struct snd_motu *motu)
diff --git a/sound/firewire/motu/motu.h b/sound/firewire/motu/motu.h
index 7c79529..09d1451 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/motu/motu.h
+++ b/sound/firewire/motu/motu.h
@@ -59,8 +59,7 @@ struct snd_motu {
 	struct amdtp_stream rx_stream;
 	struct fw_iso_resources tx_resources;
 	struct fw_iso_resources rx_resources;
-	unsigned int capture_substreams;
-	unsigned int playback_substreams;
+	unsigned int substreams_counter;
 
 	/* For notification. */
 	struct fw_address_handler async_handler;
@@ -153,7 +152,8 @@ void snd_motu_transaction_unregister(struct snd_motu *motu);
 int snd_motu_stream_init_duplex(struct snd_motu *motu);
 void snd_motu_stream_destroy_duplex(struct snd_motu *motu);
 int snd_motu_stream_cache_packet_formats(struct snd_motu *motu);
-int snd_motu_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_motu *motu, unsigned int rate);
+int snd_motu_stream_reserve_duplex(struct snd_motu *motu, unsigned int rate);
+int snd_motu_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_motu *motu);
 void snd_motu_stream_stop_duplex(struct snd_motu *motu);
 int snd_motu_stream_lock_try(struct snd_motu *motu);
 void snd_motu_stream_lock_release(struct snd_motu *motu);
diff --git a/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw-midi.c b/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw-midi.c
index cbce013..9bdec08 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw-midi.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw-midi.c
@@ -18,8 +18,13 @@ static int midi_capture_open(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream)
 
 	mutex_lock(&oxfw->mutex);
 
-	oxfw->capture_substreams++;
-	err = snd_oxfw_stream_start_simplex(oxfw, &oxfw->tx_stream, 0, 0);
+	err = snd_oxfw_stream_reserve_duplex(oxfw, &oxfw->tx_stream, 0, 0);
+	if (err >= 0) {
+		++oxfw->substreams_count;
+		err = snd_oxfw_stream_start_duplex(oxfw);
+		if (err < 0)
+			--oxfw->substreams_count;
+	}
 
 	mutex_unlock(&oxfw->mutex);
 
@@ -40,8 +45,11 @@ static int midi_playback_open(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream)
 
 	mutex_lock(&oxfw->mutex);
 
-	oxfw->playback_substreams++;
-	err = snd_oxfw_stream_start_simplex(oxfw, &oxfw->rx_stream, 0, 0);
+	err = snd_oxfw_stream_reserve_duplex(oxfw, &oxfw->rx_stream, 0, 0);
+	if (err >= 0) {
+		++oxfw->substreams_count;
+		err = snd_oxfw_stream_start_duplex(oxfw);
+	}
 
 	mutex_unlock(&oxfw->mutex);
 
@@ -57,8 +65,8 @@ static int midi_capture_close(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream)
 
 	mutex_lock(&oxfw->mutex);
 
-	oxfw->capture_substreams--;
-	snd_oxfw_stream_stop_simplex(oxfw, &oxfw->tx_stream);
+	--oxfw->substreams_count;
+	snd_oxfw_stream_stop_duplex(oxfw);
 
 	mutex_unlock(&oxfw->mutex);
 
@@ -72,8 +80,8 @@ static int midi_playback_close(struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream)
 
 	mutex_lock(&oxfw->mutex);
 
-	oxfw->playback_substreams--;
-	snd_oxfw_stream_stop_simplex(oxfw, &oxfw->rx_stream);
+	--oxfw->substreams_count;
+	snd_oxfw_stream_stop_duplex(oxfw);
 
 	mutex_unlock(&oxfw->mutex);
 
diff --git a/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw-pcm.c b/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw-pcm.c
index 94f367c..9ea3934 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw-pcm.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw-pcm.c
@@ -219,12 +219,18 @@ static int pcm_capture_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 		return err;
 
 	if (substream->runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN) {
+		unsigned int rate = params_rate(hw_params);
+		unsigned int channels = params_channels(hw_params);
+
 		mutex_lock(&oxfw->mutex);
-		oxfw->capture_substreams++;
+		err = snd_oxfw_stream_reserve_duplex(oxfw, &oxfw->tx_stream,
+						     rate, channels);
+		if (err >= 0)
+			++oxfw->substreams_count;
 		mutex_unlock(&oxfw->mutex);
 	}
 
-	return 0;
+	return err;
 }
 static int pcm_playback_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 				  struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params)
@@ -238,8 +244,14 @@ static int pcm_playback_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 		return err;
 
 	if (substream->runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN) {
+		unsigned int rate = params_rate(hw_params);
+		unsigned int channels = params_channels(hw_params);
+
 		mutex_lock(&oxfw->mutex);
-		oxfw->playback_substreams++;
+		err = snd_oxfw_stream_reserve_duplex(oxfw, &oxfw->tx_stream,
+						     rate, channels);
+		if (err >= 0)
+			++oxfw->substreams_count;
 		mutex_unlock(&oxfw->mutex);
 	}
 
@@ -253,9 +265,9 @@ static int pcm_capture_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 	mutex_lock(&oxfw->mutex);
 
 	if (substream->runtime->status->state != SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN)
-		oxfw->capture_substreams--;
+		--oxfw->substreams_count;
 
-	snd_oxfw_stream_stop_simplex(oxfw, &oxfw->tx_stream);
+	snd_oxfw_stream_stop_duplex(oxfw);
 
 	mutex_unlock(&oxfw->mutex);
 
@@ -268,9 +280,9 @@ static int pcm_playback_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 	mutex_lock(&oxfw->mutex);
 
 	if (substream->runtime->status->state != SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN)
-		oxfw->playback_substreams--;
+		--oxfw->substreams_count;
 
-	snd_oxfw_stream_stop_simplex(oxfw, &oxfw->rx_stream);
+	snd_oxfw_stream_stop_duplex(oxfw);
 
 	mutex_unlock(&oxfw->mutex);
 
@@ -280,12 +292,10 @@ static int pcm_playback_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 static int pcm_capture_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 {
 	struct snd_oxfw *oxfw = substream->private_data;
-	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
 	int err;
 
 	mutex_lock(&oxfw->mutex);
-	err = snd_oxfw_stream_start_simplex(oxfw, &oxfw->tx_stream,
-					    runtime->rate, runtime->channels);
+	err = snd_oxfw_stream_start_duplex(oxfw);
 	mutex_unlock(&oxfw->mutex);
 	if (err < 0)
 		goto end;
@@ -297,12 +307,10 @@ static int pcm_capture_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 static int pcm_playback_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 {
 	struct snd_oxfw *oxfw = substream->private_data;
-	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
 	int err;
 
 	mutex_lock(&oxfw->mutex);
-	err = snd_oxfw_stream_start_simplex(oxfw, &oxfw->rx_stream,
-					    runtime->rate, runtime->channels);
+	err = snd_oxfw_stream_start_duplex(oxfw);
 	mutex_unlock(&oxfw->mutex);
 	if (err < 0)
 		goto end;
diff --git a/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw-stream.c b/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw-stream.c
index 5ffedb0..74c972d 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw-stream.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw-stream.c
@@ -100,85 +100,34 @@ static int set_stream_format(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw, struct amdtp_stream *s,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void stop_stream(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw, struct amdtp_stream *stream)
+static int start_stream(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw, struct amdtp_stream *stream)
 {
-	amdtp_stream_pcm_abort(stream);
-	amdtp_stream_stop(stream);
-
-	if (stream == &oxfw->tx_stream)
-		cmp_connection_break(&oxfw->out_conn);
-	else
-		cmp_connection_break(&oxfw->in_conn);
-}
-
-static int start_stream(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw, struct amdtp_stream *stream,
-			unsigned int rate, unsigned int pcm_channels)
-{
-	u8 **formats;
 	struct cmp_connection *conn;
-	struct snd_oxfw_stream_formation formation;
-	unsigned int i, midi_ports;
 	int err;
 
-	if (stream == &oxfw->rx_stream) {
-		formats = oxfw->rx_stream_formats;
+	if (stream == &oxfw->rx_stream)
 		conn = &oxfw->in_conn;
-	} else {
-		formats = oxfw->tx_stream_formats;
+	else
 		conn = &oxfw->out_conn;
-	}
 
-	/* Get stream format */
-	for (i = 0; i < SND_OXFW_STREAM_FORMAT_ENTRIES; i++) {
-		if (formats[i] == NULL)
-			break;
-
-		err = snd_oxfw_stream_parse_format(formats[i], &formation);
-		if (err < 0)
-			goto end;
-		if (rate != formation.rate)
-			continue;
-		if (pcm_channels == 0 ||  pcm_channels == formation.pcm)
-			break;
-	}
-	if (i == SND_OXFW_STREAM_FORMAT_ENTRIES) {
-		err = -EINVAL;
-		goto end;
-	}
-
-	pcm_channels = formation.pcm;
-	midi_ports = formation.midi * 8;
-
-	/* The stream should have one pcm channels at least */
-	if (pcm_channels == 0) {
-		err = -EINVAL;
-		goto end;
-	}
-	err = amdtp_am824_set_parameters(stream, rate, pcm_channels, midi_ports,
-					 false);
+	err = cmp_connection_establish(conn);
 	if (err < 0)
-		goto end;
+		return err;
 
-	err = cmp_connection_establish(conn,
-				       amdtp_stream_get_max_payload(stream));
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto end;
-
-	err = amdtp_stream_start(stream,
-				 conn->resources.channel,
-				 conn->speed);
+	err = amdtp_stream_start(stream, conn->resources.channel, conn->speed);
 	if (err < 0) {
 		cmp_connection_break(conn);
-		goto end;
+		return err;
 	}
 
-	/* Wait first packet */
+	// Wait first packet.
 	if (!amdtp_stream_wait_callback(stream, CALLBACK_TIMEOUT)) {
-		stop_stream(oxfw, stream);
-		err = -ETIMEDOUT;
+		amdtp_stream_stop(stream);
+		cmp_connection_break(conn);
+		return -ETIMEDOUT;
 	}
-end:
-	return err;
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int check_connection_used_by_others(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw,
@@ -205,8 +154,7 @@ static int check_connection_used_by_others(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw,
 	return err;
 }
 
-int snd_oxfw_stream_init_simplex(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw,
-				 struct amdtp_stream *stream)
+static int init_stream(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw, struct amdtp_stream *stream)
 {
 	struct cmp_connection *conn;
 	enum cmp_direction c_dir;
@@ -225,13 +173,12 @@ int snd_oxfw_stream_init_simplex(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw,
 
 	err = cmp_connection_init(conn, oxfw->unit, c_dir, 0);
 	if (err < 0)
-		goto end;
+		return err;
 
 	err = amdtp_am824_init(stream, oxfw->unit, s_dir, CIP_NONBLOCKING);
 	if (err < 0) {
-		amdtp_stream_destroy(stream);
 		cmp_connection_destroy(conn);
-		goto end;
+		return err;
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -245,115 +192,195 @@ int snd_oxfw_stream_init_simplex(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw,
 		if (oxfw->wrong_dbs)
 			oxfw->tx_stream.flags |= CIP_WRONG_DBS;
 	}
-end:
-	return err;
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
-int snd_oxfw_stream_start_simplex(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw,
-				  struct amdtp_stream *stream,
-				  unsigned int rate, unsigned int pcm_channels)
+static int keep_resources(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw, struct amdtp_stream *stream)
 {
-	struct amdtp_stream *opposite;
-	struct snd_oxfw_stream_formation formation;
 	enum avc_general_plug_dir dir;
-	unsigned int substreams, opposite_substreams;
-	int err = 0;
+	u8 **formats;
+	struct snd_oxfw_stream_formation formation;
+	struct cmp_connection *conn;
+	int i;
+	int err;
 
-	if (stream == &oxfw->tx_stream) {
-		substreams = oxfw->capture_substreams;
-		opposite = &oxfw->rx_stream;
-		opposite_substreams = oxfw->playback_substreams;
-		dir = AVC_GENERAL_PLUG_DIR_OUT;
-	} else {
-		substreams = oxfw->playback_substreams;
-		opposite_substreams = oxfw->capture_substreams;
-
-		if (oxfw->has_output)
-			opposite = &oxfw->rx_stream;
-		else
-			opposite = NULL;
-
+	if (stream == &oxfw->rx_stream) {
 		dir = AVC_GENERAL_PLUG_DIR_IN;
+		formats = oxfw->rx_stream_formats;
+		conn = &oxfw->in_conn;
+	} else {
+		dir = AVC_GENERAL_PLUG_DIR_OUT;
+		formats = oxfw->tx_stream_formats;
+		conn = &oxfw->out_conn;
 	}
 
-	if (substreams == 0)
-		goto end;
-
-	/*
-	 * Considering JACK/FFADO streaming:
-	 * TODO: This can be removed hwdep functionality becomes popular.
-	 */
-	err = check_connection_used_by_others(oxfw, stream);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto end;
-
-	/* packet queueing error */
-	if (amdtp_streaming_error(stream))
-		stop_stream(oxfw, stream);
-
 	err = snd_oxfw_stream_get_current_formation(oxfw, dir, &formation);
 	if (err < 0)
-		goto end;
-	if (rate == 0)
+		return err;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < SND_OXFW_STREAM_FORMAT_ENTRIES; i++) {
+		struct snd_oxfw_stream_formation fmt;
+
+		if (formats[i] == NULL)
+			break;
+
+		err = snd_oxfw_stream_parse_format(formats[i], &fmt);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+
+		if (fmt.rate == formation.rate && fmt.pcm == formation.pcm &&
+		    fmt.midi == formation.midi)
+			break;
+	}
+	if (i == SND_OXFW_STREAM_FORMAT_ENTRIES)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	// The stream should have one pcm channels at least.
+	if (formation.pcm == 0)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	err = amdtp_am824_set_parameters(stream, formation.rate, formation.pcm,
+					 formation.midi * 8, false);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	return cmp_connection_reserve(conn, amdtp_stream_get_max_payload(stream));
+}
+
+int snd_oxfw_stream_reserve_duplex(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw,
+				   struct amdtp_stream *stream,
+				   unsigned int rate, unsigned int pcm_channels)
+{
+	struct snd_oxfw_stream_formation formation;
+	enum avc_general_plug_dir dir;
+	int err;
+
+	// Considering JACK/FFADO streaming:
+	// TODO: This can be removed hwdep functionality becomes popular.
+	err = check_connection_used_by_others(oxfw, &oxfw->rx_stream);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	if (oxfw->has_output) {
+		err = check_connection_used_by_others(oxfw, &oxfw->tx_stream);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+	}
+
+	if (stream == &oxfw->tx_stream)
+		dir = AVC_GENERAL_PLUG_DIR_OUT;
+	else
+		dir = AVC_GENERAL_PLUG_DIR_IN;
+
+	err = snd_oxfw_stream_get_current_formation(oxfw, dir, &formation);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	if (rate == 0) {
 		rate = formation.rate;
-	if (pcm_channels == 0)
 		pcm_channels = formation.pcm;
+	}
+	if (formation.rate != rate || formation.pcm != pcm_channels) {
+		amdtp_stream_stop(&oxfw->rx_stream);
+		cmp_connection_break(&oxfw->in_conn);
+		cmp_connection_release(&oxfw->in_conn);
 
-	if ((formation.rate != rate) || (formation.pcm != pcm_channels)) {
-		if (opposite != NULL) {
-			err = check_connection_used_by_others(oxfw, opposite);
-			if (err < 0)
-				goto end;
-			stop_stream(oxfw, opposite);
+		if (oxfw->has_output) {
+			amdtp_stream_stop(&oxfw->tx_stream);
+			cmp_connection_break(&oxfw->out_conn);
+			cmp_connection_release(&oxfw->out_conn);
 		}
-		stop_stream(oxfw, stream);
+	}
 
+	if (oxfw->substreams_count == 0 ||
+	    formation.rate != rate || formation.pcm != pcm_channels) {
 		err = set_stream_format(oxfw, stream, rate, pcm_channels);
 		if (err < 0) {
 			dev_err(&oxfw->unit->device,
 				"fail to set stream format: %d\n", err);
-			goto end;
+			return err;
 		}
 
-		/* Start opposite stream if needed. */
-		if (opposite && !amdtp_stream_running(opposite) &&
-		    (opposite_substreams > 0)) {
-			err = start_stream(oxfw, opposite, rate, 0);
+		err = keep_resources(oxfw, &oxfw->rx_stream);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+
+		if (oxfw->has_output) {
+			err = keep_resources(oxfw, &oxfw->tx_stream);
 			if (err < 0) {
-				dev_err(&oxfw->unit->device,
-					"fail to restart stream: %d\n", err);
-				goto end;
+				cmp_connection_release(&oxfw->in_conn);
+				return err;
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	/* Start requested stream. */
-	if (!amdtp_stream_running(stream)) {
-		err = start_stream(oxfw, stream, rate, pcm_channels);
-		if (err < 0)
-			dev_err(&oxfw->unit->device,
-				"fail to start stream: %d\n", err);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int snd_oxfw_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	if (oxfw->substreams_count == 0)
+		return -EIO;
+
+	if (amdtp_streaming_error(&oxfw->rx_stream) ||
+	    amdtp_streaming_error(&oxfw->tx_stream)) {
+		amdtp_stream_stop(&oxfw->rx_stream);
+		cmp_connection_break(&oxfw->in_conn);
+
+		if (oxfw->has_output) {
+			amdtp_stream_stop(&oxfw->tx_stream);
+			cmp_connection_break(&oxfw->out_conn);
+		}
 	}
-end:
+
+	if (!amdtp_stream_running(&oxfw->rx_stream)) {
+		err = start_stream(oxfw, &oxfw->rx_stream);
+		if (err < 0) {
+			dev_err(&oxfw->unit->device,
+				"fail to start rx stream: %d\n", err);
+			goto error;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (oxfw->has_output) {
+		if (!amdtp_stream_running(&oxfw->tx_stream)) {
+			err = start_stream(oxfw, &oxfw->tx_stream);
+			if (err < 0) {
+				dev_err(&oxfw->unit->device,
+					"fail to start tx stream: %d\n", err);
+				goto error;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+error:
+	amdtp_stream_stop(&oxfw->rx_stream);
+	cmp_connection_break(&oxfw->in_conn);
+	if (oxfw->has_output) {
+		amdtp_stream_stop(&oxfw->tx_stream);
+		cmp_connection_break(&oxfw->out_conn);
+	}
 	return err;
 }
 
-void snd_oxfw_stream_stop_simplex(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw,
-				  struct amdtp_stream *stream)
+void snd_oxfw_stream_stop_duplex(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw)
 {
-	if (((stream == &oxfw->tx_stream) && (oxfw->capture_substreams > 0)) ||
-	    ((stream == &oxfw->rx_stream) && (oxfw->playback_substreams > 0)))
-		return;
+	if (oxfw->substreams_count == 0) {
+		amdtp_stream_stop(&oxfw->rx_stream);
+		cmp_connection_break(&oxfw->in_conn);
+		cmp_connection_release(&oxfw->in_conn);
 
-	stop_stream(oxfw, stream);
+		if (oxfw->has_output) {
+			amdtp_stream_stop(&oxfw->tx_stream);
+			cmp_connection_break(&oxfw->out_conn);
+			cmp_connection_release(&oxfw->out_conn);
+		}
+	}
 }
 
-/*
- * This function should be called before starting the stream or after stopping
- * the streams.
- */
-void snd_oxfw_stream_destroy_simplex(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw,
-				     struct amdtp_stream *stream)
+static void destroy_stream(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw, struct amdtp_stream *stream)
 {
 	struct cmp_connection *conn;
 
@@ -366,20 +393,48 @@ void snd_oxfw_stream_destroy_simplex(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw,
 	cmp_connection_destroy(conn);
 }
 
-void snd_oxfw_stream_update_simplex(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw,
-				    struct amdtp_stream *stream)
+int snd_oxfw_stream_init_duplex(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw)
 {
-	struct cmp_connection *conn;
+	int err;
 
-	if (stream == &oxfw->tx_stream)
-		conn = &oxfw->out_conn;
-	else
-		conn = &oxfw->in_conn;
+	err = init_stream(oxfw, &oxfw->rx_stream);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
-	if (cmp_connection_update(conn) < 0)
-		stop_stream(oxfw, stream);
-	else
-		amdtp_stream_update(stream);
+	if (oxfw->has_output) {
+		err = init_stream(oxfw, &oxfw->tx_stream);
+		if (err < 0) {
+			destroy_stream(oxfw, &oxfw->rx_stream);
+			return err;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+// This function should be called before starting the stream or after stopping
+// the streams.
+void snd_oxfw_stream_destroy_duplex(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw)
+{
+	destroy_stream(oxfw, &oxfw->rx_stream);
+
+	if (oxfw->has_output)
+		destroy_stream(oxfw, &oxfw->tx_stream);
+}
+
+void snd_oxfw_stream_update_duplex(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw)
+{
+	amdtp_stream_stop(&oxfw->rx_stream);
+	cmp_connection_break(&oxfw->in_conn);
+
+	amdtp_stream_pcm_abort(&oxfw->rx_stream);
+
+	if (oxfw->has_output) {
+		amdtp_stream_stop(&oxfw->tx_stream);
+		cmp_connection_break(&oxfw->out_conn);
+
+		amdtp_stream_pcm_abort(&oxfw->tx_stream);
+	}
 }
 
 int snd_oxfw_stream_get_current_formation(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw,
diff --git a/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw.c b/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw.c
index 9fd145c..fb6df3f 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw.c
@@ -118,9 +118,7 @@ static void oxfw_card_free(struct snd_card *card)
 {
 	struct snd_oxfw *oxfw = card->private_data;
 
-	snd_oxfw_stream_destroy_simplex(oxfw, &oxfw->rx_stream);
-	if (oxfw->has_output)
-		snd_oxfw_stream_destroy_simplex(oxfw, &oxfw->tx_stream);
+	snd_oxfw_stream_destroy_duplex(oxfw);
 }
 
 static int detect_quirks(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw)
@@ -208,14 +206,9 @@ static void do_registration(struct work_struct *work)
 	if (err < 0)
 		goto error;
 
-	err = snd_oxfw_stream_init_simplex(oxfw, &oxfw->rx_stream);
+	err = snd_oxfw_stream_init_duplex(oxfw);
 	if (err < 0)
 		goto error;
-	if (oxfw->has_output) {
-		err = snd_oxfw_stream_init_simplex(oxfw, &oxfw->tx_stream);
-		if (err < 0)
-			goto error;
-	}
 
 	err = snd_oxfw_create_pcm(oxfw);
 	if (err < 0)
@@ -282,11 +275,7 @@ static void oxfw_bus_reset(struct fw_unit *unit)
 
 	if (oxfw->registered) {
 		mutex_lock(&oxfw->mutex);
-
-		snd_oxfw_stream_update_simplex(oxfw, &oxfw->rx_stream);
-		if (oxfw->has_output)
-			snd_oxfw_stream_update_simplex(oxfw, &oxfw->tx_stream);
-
+		snd_oxfw_stream_update_duplex(oxfw);
 		mutex_unlock(&oxfw->mutex);
 
 		if (oxfw->entry->vendor_id == OUI_STANTON)
diff --git a/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw.h b/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw.h
index 3611285..cb69ab8 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw.h
+++ b/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw.h
@@ -52,8 +52,7 @@ struct snd_oxfw {
 	struct cmp_connection in_conn;
 	struct amdtp_stream tx_stream;
 	struct amdtp_stream rx_stream;
-	unsigned int capture_substreams;
-	unsigned int playback_substreams;
+	unsigned int substreams_count;
 
 	unsigned int midi_input_ports;
 	unsigned int midi_output_ports;
@@ -99,17 +98,14 @@ int avc_general_inquiry_sig_fmt(struct fw_unit *unit, unsigned int rate,
 				enum avc_general_plug_dir dir,
 				unsigned short pid);
 
-int snd_oxfw_stream_init_simplex(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw,
-				 struct amdtp_stream *stream);
-int snd_oxfw_stream_start_simplex(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw,
-				  struct amdtp_stream *stream,
-				  unsigned int rate, unsigned int pcm_channels);
-void snd_oxfw_stream_stop_simplex(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw,
-				  struct amdtp_stream *stream);
-void snd_oxfw_stream_destroy_simplex(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw,
-				     struct amdtp_stream *stream);
-void snd_oxfw_stream_update_simplex(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw,
-				    struct amdtp_stream *stream);
+int snd_oxfw_stream_init_duplex(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw);
+int snd_oxfw_stream_reserve_duplex(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw,
+				   struct amdtp_stream *stream,
+				   unsigned int rate, unsigned int pcm_channels);
+int snd_oxfw_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw);
+void snd_oxfw_stream_stop_duplex(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw);
+void snd_oxfw_stream_destroy_duplex(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw);
+void snd_oxfw_stream_update_duplex(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw);
 
 struct snd_oxfw_stream_formation {
 	unsigned int rate;
diff --git a/sound/firewire/tascam/amdtp-tascam.c b/sound/firewire/tascam/amdtp-tascam.c
index d9d20ef..95fb10b 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/tascam/amdtp-tascam.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/tascam/amdtp-tascam.c
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ int amdtp_tscm_init(struct amdtp_stream *s, struct fw_unit *unit,
 		return 0;
 
 	/* Use fixed value for FDF field. */
-	s->fdf = 0x00;
+	s->ctx_data.rx.fdf = 0x00;
 
 	/* This protocol uses fixed number of data channels for PCM samples. */
 	p = s->protocol;
diff --git a/sound/firewire/tascam/tascam-pcm.c b/sound/firewire/tascam/tascam-pcm.c
index a8cd9b1..b5ced54 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/tascam/tascam-pcm.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/tascam/tascam-pcm.c
@@ -83,8 +83,8 @@ static int pcm_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int pcm_capture_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
-				 struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params)
+static int pcm_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+			 struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params)
 {
 	struct snd_tscm *tscm = substream->private_data;
 	int err;
@@ -95,58 +95,26 @@ static int pcm_capture_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 		return err;
 
 	if (substream->runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN) {
+		unsigned int rate = params_rate(hw_params);
+
 		mutex_lock(&tscm->mutex);
-		tscm->substreams_counter++;
+		err = snd_tscm_stream_reserve_duplex(tscm, rate);
+		if (err >= 0)
+			++tscm->substreams_counter;
 		mutex_unlock(&tscm->mutex);
 	}
 
-	return 0;
+	return err;
 }
 
-static int pcm_playback_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
-				  struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params)
-{
-	struct snd_tscm *tscm = substream->private_data;
-	int err;
-
-	err = snd_pcm_lib_alloc_vmalloc_buffer(substream,
-					       params_buffer_bytes(hw_params));
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	if (substream->runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN) {
-		mutex_lock(&tscm->mutex);
-		tscm->substreams_counter++;
-		mutex_unlock(&tscm->mutex);
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int pcm_capture_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+static int pcm_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 {
 	struct snd_tscm *tscm = substream->private_data;
 
 	mutex_lock(&tscm->mutex);
 
 	if (substream->runtime->status->state != SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN)
-		tscm->substreams_counter--;
-
-	snd_tscm_stream_stop_duplex(tscm);
-
-	mutex_unlock(&tscm->mutex);
-
-	return snd_pcm_lib_free_vmalloc_buffer(substream);
-}
-
-static int pcm_playback_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
-{
-	struct snd_tscm *tscm = substream->private_data;
-
-	mutex_lock(&tscm->mutex);
-
-	if (substream->runtime->status->state != SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN)
-		tscm->substreams_counter--;
+		--tscm->substreams_counter;
 
 	snd_tscm_stream_stop_duplex(tscm);
 
@@ -259,8 +227,8 @@ int snd_tscm_create_pcm_devices(struct snd_tscm *tscm)
 		.open		= pcm_open,
 		.close		= pcm_close,
 		.ioctl		= snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
-		.hw_params	= pcm_capture_hw_params,
-		.hw_free	= pcm_capture_hw_free,
+		.hw_params	= pcm_hw_params,
+		.hw_free	= pcm_hw_free,
 		.prepare	= pcm_capture_prepare,
 		.trigger	= pcm_capture_trigger,
 		.pointer	= pcm_capture_pointer,
@@ -271,8 +239,8 @@ int snd_tscm_create_pcm_devices(struct snd_tscm *tscm)
 		.open		= pcm_open,
 		.close		= pcm_close,
 		.ioctl		= snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
-		.hw_params	= pcm_playback_hw_params,
-		.hw_free	= pcm_playback_hw_free,
+		.hw_params	= pcm_hw_params,
+		.hw_free	= pcm_hw_free,
 		.prepare	= pcm_playback_prepare,
 		.trigger	= pcm_playback_trigger,
 		.pointer	= pcm_playback_pointer,
diff --git a/sound/firewire/tascam/tascam-stream.c b/sound/firewire/tascam/tascam-stream.c
index e6fcd9e..e852e46 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/tascam/tascam-stream.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/tascam/tascam-stream.c
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ static int set_stream_formats(struct snd_tscm *tscm, unsigned int rate)
 	__be32 reg;
 	int err;
 
-	/* Set an option for unknown purpose. */
+	// Set an option for unknown purpose.
 	reg = cpu_to_be32(0x00200000);
 	err = snd_fw_transaction(tscm->unit, TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
 				 TSCM_ADDR_BASE + TSCM_OFFSET_SET_OPTION,
@@ -173,17 +173,16 @@ static int set_stream_formats(struct snd_tscm *tscm, unsigned int rate)
 	if (err < 0)
 		return err;
 
-	err = enable_data_channels(tscm);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	return set_clock(tscm, rate, INT_MAX);
+	return enable_data_channels(tscm);
 }
 
 static void finish_session(struct snd_tscm *tscm)
 {
 	__be32 reg;
 
+	amdtp_stream_stop(&tscm->rx_stream);
+	amdtp_stream_stop(&tscm->tx_stream);
+
 	reg = 0;
 	snd_fw_transaction(tscm->unit, TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
 			   TSCM_ADDR_BASE + TSCM_OFFSET_START_STREAMING,
@@ -194,6 +193,19 @@ static void finish_session(struct snd_tscm *tscm)
 			   TSCM_ADDR_BASE + TSCM_OFFSET_ISOC_RX_ON,
 			   &reg, sizeof(reg), 0);
 
+	// Unregister channels.
+	reg = cpu_to_be32(0x00000000);
+	snd_fw_transaction(tscm->unit, TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
+			   TSCM_ADDR_BASE + TSCM_OFFSET_ISOC_TX_CH,
+			   &reg, sizeof(reg), 0);
+	reg = cpu_to_be32(0x00000000);
+	snd_fw_transaction(tscm->unit, TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
+			   TSCM_ADDR_BASE + TSCM_OFFSET_UNKNOWN,
+			   &reg, sizeof(reg), 0);
+	reg = cpu_to_be32(0x00000000);
+	snd_fw_transaction(tscm->unit, TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
+			   TSCM_ADDR_BASE + TSCM_OFFSET_ISOC_RX_CH,
+			   &reg, sizeof(reg), 0);
 }
 
 static int begin_session(struct snd_tscm *tscm)
@@ -201,6 +213,30 @@ static int begin_session(struct snd_tscm *tscm)
 	__be32 reg;
 	int err;
 
+	// Register the isochronous channel for transmitting stream.
+	reg = cpu_to_be32(tscm->tx_resources.channel);
+	err = snd_fw_transaction(tscm->unit, TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
+				 TSCM_ADDR_BASE + TSCM_OFFSET_ISOC_TX_CH,
+				 &reg, sizeof(reg), 0);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	// Unknown.
+	reg = cpu_to_be32(0x00000002);
+	err = snd_fw_transaction(tscm->unit, TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
+				 TSCM_ADDR_BASE + TSCM_OFFSET_UNKNOWN,
+				 &reg, sizeof(reg), 0);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	// Register the isochronous channel for receiving stream.
+	reg = cpu_to_be32(tscm->rx_resources.channel);
+	err = snd_fw_transaction(tscm->unit, TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
+				 TSCM_ADDR_BASE + TSCM_OFFSET_ISOC_RX_CH,
+				 &reg, sizeof(reg), 0);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
 	reg = cpu_to_be32(0x00000001);
 	err = snd_fw_transaction(tscm->unit, TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
 				 TSCM_ADDR_BASE + TSCM_OFFSET_START_STREAMING,
@@ -215,7 +251,7 @@ static int begin_session(struct snd_tscm *tscm)
 	if (err < 0)
 		return err;
 
-	/* Set an option for unknown purpose. */
+	// Set an option for unknown purpose.
 	reg = cpu_to_be32(0x00002000);
 	err = snd_fw_transaction(tscm->unit, TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
 				 TSCM_ADDR_BASE + TSCM_OFFSET_SET_OPTION,
@@ -223,7 +259,7 @@ static int begin_session(struct snd_tscm *tscm)
 	if (err < 0)
 		return err;
 
-	/* Start multiplexing PCM samples on packets. */
+	// Start multiplexing PCM samples on packets.
 	reg = cpu_to_be32(0x00000001);
 	return snd_fw_transaction(tscm->unit,
 				  TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
@@ -231,82 +267,24 @@ static int begin_session(struct snd_tscm *tscm)
 				  &reg, sizeof(reg), 0);
 }
 
-static void release_resources(struct snd_tscm *tscm)
+static int keep_resources(struct snd_tscm *tscm, unsigned int rate,
+			  struct amdtp_stream *stream)
 {
-	__be32 reg;
-
-	/* Unregister channels. */
-	reg = cpu_to_be32(0x00000000);
-	snd_fw_transaction(tscm->unit, TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
-			   TSCM_ADDR_BASE + TSCM_OFFSET_ISOC_TX_CH,
-			   &reg, sizeof(reg), 0);
-	reg = cpu_to_be32(0x00000000);
-	snd_fw_transaction(tscm->unit, TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
-			   TSCM_ADDR_BASE + TSCM_OFFSET_UNKNOWN,
-			   &reg, sizeof(reg), 0);
-	reg = cpu_to_be32(0x00000000);
-	snd_fw_transaction(tscm->unit, TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
-			   TSCM_ADDR_BASE + TSCM_OFFSET_ISOC_RX_CH,
-			   &reg, sizeof(reg), 0);
-
-	/* Release isochronous resources. */
-	fw_iso_resources_free(&tscm->tx_resources);
-	fw_iso_resources_free(&tscm->rx_resources);
-}
-
-static int keep_resources(struct snd_tscm *tscm, unsigned int rate)
-{
-	__be32 reg;
+	struct fw_iso_resources *resources;
 	int err;
 
-	/* Keep resources for in-stream. */
-	err = amdtp_tscm_set_parameters(&tscm->tx_stream, rate);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-	err = fw_iso_resources_allocate(&tscm->tx_resources,
-			amdtp_stream_get_max_payload(&tscm->tx_stream),
-			fw_parent_device(tscm->unit)->max_speed);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto error;
+	if (stream == &tscm->tx_stream)
+		resources = &tscm->tx_resources;
+	else
+		resources = &tscm->rx_resources;
 
-	/* Keep resources for out-stream. */
-	err = amdtp_tscm_set_parameters(&tscm->rx_stream, rate);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-	err = fw_iso_resources_allocate(&tscm->rx_resources,
-			amdtp_stream_get_max_payload(&tscm->rx_stream),
-			fw_parent_device(tscm->unit)->max_speed);
+	err = amdtp_tscm_set_parameters(stream, rate);
 	if (err < 0)
 		return err;
 
-	/* Register the isochronous channel for transmitting stream. */
-	reg = cpu_to_be32(tscm->tx_resources.channel);
-	err = snd_fw_transaction(tscm->unit, TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
-				 TSCM_ADDR_BASE + TSCM_OFFSET_ISOC_TX_CH,
-				 &reg, sizeof(reg), 0);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto error;
-
-	/* Unknown */
-	reg = cpu_to_be32(0x00000002);
-	err = snd_fw_transaction(tscm->unit, TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
-				 TSCM_ADDR_BASE + TSCM_OFFSET_UNKNOWN,
-				 &reg, sizeof(reg), 0);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto error;
-
-	/* Register the isochronous channel for receiving stream. */
-	reg = cpu_to_be32(tscm->rx_resources.channel);
-	err = snd_fw_transaction(tscm->unit, TCODE_WRITE_QUADLET_REQUEST,
-				 TSCM_ADDR_BASE + TSCM_OFFSET_ISOC_RX_CH,
-				 &reg, sizeof(reg), 0);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto error;
-
-	return 0;
-error:
-	release_resources(tscm);
-	return err;
+	return fw_iso_resources_allocate(resources,
+				amdtp_stream_get_max_payload(stream),
+				fw_parent_device(tscm->unit)->max_speed);
 }
 
 int snd_tscm_stream_init_duplex(struct snd_tscm *tscm)
@@ -345,7 +323,7 @@ int snd_tscm_stream_init_duplex(struct snd_tscm *tscm)
 	return err;
 }
 
-/* At bus reset, streaming is stopped and some registers are clear. */
+// At bus reset, streaming is stopped and some registers are clear.
 void snd_tscm_stream_update_duplex(struct snd_tscm *tscm)
 {
 	amdtp_stream_pcm_abort(&tscm->tx_stream);
@@ -368,33 +346,62 @@ void snd_tscm_stream_destroy_duplex(struct snd_tscm *tscm)
 	fw_iso_resources_destroy(&tscm->tx_resources);
 }
 
-int snd_tscm_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_tscm *tscm, unsigned int rate)
+int snd_tscm_stream_reserve_duplex(struct snd_tscm *tscm, unsigned int rate)
 {
 	unsigned int curr_rate;
 	int err;
 
+	err = snd_tscm_stream_get_rate(tscm, &curr_rate);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	if (tscm->substreams_counter == 0 || rate != curr_rate) {
+		finish_session(tscm);
+
+		fw_iso_resources_free(&tscm->tx_resources);
+		fw_iso_resources_free(&tscm->rx_resources);
+
+		err = set_clock(tscm, rate, INT_MAX);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+
+		err = keep_resources(tscm, rate, &tscm->tx_stream);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+
+		err = keep_resources(tscm, rate, &tscm->rx_stream);
+		if (err < 0) {
+			fw_iso_resources_free(&tscm->tx_resources);
+			return err;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int snd_tscm_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_tscm *tscm, unsigned int rate)
+{
+	unsigned int generation = tscm->rx_resources.generation;
+	int err;
+
 	if (tscm->substreams_counter == 0)
 		return 0;
 
-	err = snd_tscm_stream_get_rate(tscm, &curr_rate);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-	if (curr_rate != rate ||
-	    amdtp_streaming_error(&tscm->rx_stream) ||
-	    amdtp_streaming_error(&tscm->tx_stream)) {
+	if (amdtp_streaming_error(&tscm->rx_stream) ||
+	    amdtp_streaming_error(&tscm->tx_stream))
 		finish_session(tscm);
 
-		amdtp_stream_stop(&tscm->rx_stream);
-		amdtp_stream_stop(&tscm->tx_stream);
-
-		release_resources(tscm);
-	}
-
-	if (!amdtp_stream_running(&tscm->rx_stream)) {
-		err = keep_resources(tscm, rate);
+	if (generation != fw_parent_device(tscm->unit)->card->generation) {
+		err = fw_iso_resources_update(&tscm->tx_resources);
 		if (err < 0)
 			goto error;
 
+		err = fw_iso_resources_update(&tscm->rx_resources);
+		if (err < 0)
+			goto error;
+	}
+
+	if (!amdtp_stream_running(&tscm->rx_stream)) {
 		err = set_stream_formats(tscm, rate);
 		if (err < 0)
 			goto error;
@@ -432,25 +439,19 @@ int snd_tscm_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_tscm *tscm, unsigned int rate)
 
 	return 0;
 error:
-	amdtp_stream_stop(&tscm->rx_stream);
-	amdtp_stream_stop(&tscm->tx_stream);
-
 	finish_session(tscm);
-	release_resources(tscm);
 
 	return err;
 }
 
 void snd_tscm_stream_stop_duplex(struct snd_tscm *tscm)
 {
-	if (tscm->substreams_counter > 0)
-		return;
+	if (tscm->substreams_counter == 0) {
+		finish_session(tscm);
 
-	amdtp_stream_stop(&tscm->tx_stream);
-	amdtp_stream_stop(&tscm->rx_stream);
-
-	finish_session(tscm);
-	release_resources(tscm);
+		fw_iso_resources_free(&tscm->tx_resources);
+		fw_iso_resources_free(&tscm->rx_resources);
+	}
 }
 
 void snd_tscm_stream_lock_changed(struct snd_tscm *tscm)
diff --git a/sound/firewire/tascam/tascam.h b/sound/firewire/tascam/tascam.h
index 1d003d4..734e5bb 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/tascam/tascam.h
+++ b/sound/firewire/tascam/tascam.h
@@ -146,6 +146,7 @@ int snd_tscm_stream_get_clock(struct snd_tscm *tscm,
 int snd_tscm_stream_init_duplex(struct snd_tscm *tscm);
 void snd_tscm_stream_update_duplex(struct snd_tscm *tscm);
 void snd_tscm_stream_destroy_duplex(struct snd_tscm *tscm);
+int snd_tscm_stream_reserve_duplex(struct snd_tscm *tscm, unsigned int rate);
 int snd_tscm_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_tscm *tscm, unsigned int rate);
 void snd_tscm_stream_stop_duplex(struct snd_tscm *tscm);
 
diff --git a/sound/hda/hdac_controller.c b/sound/hda/hdac_controller.c
index b02f745..3b01105 100644
--- a/sound/hda/hdac_controller.c
+++ b/sound/hda/hdac_controller.c
@@ -79,6 +79,8 @@ void snd_hdac_bus_init_cmd_io(struct hdac_bus *bus)
 	snd_hdac_chip_writew(bus, RINTCNT, 1);
 	/* enable rirb dma and response irq */
 	snd_hdac_chip_writeb(bus, RIRBCTL, AZX_RBCTL_DMA_EN | AZX_RBCTL_IRQ_EN);
+	/* Accept unsolicited responses */
+	snd_hdac_chip_updatel(bus, GCTL, AZX_GCTL_UNSOL, AZX_GCTL_UNSOL);
 	spin_unlock_irq(&bus->reg_lock);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hdac_bus_init_cmd_io);
@@ -241,6 +243,8 @@ int snd_hdac_bus_get_response(struct hdac_bus *bus, unsigned int addr,
 
 	for (loopcounter = 0;; loopcounter++) {
 		spin_lock_irq(&bus->reg_lock);
+		if (bus->polling_mode)
+			snd_hdac_bus_update_rirb(bus);
 		if (!bus->rirb.cmds[addr]) {
 			if (res)
 				*res = bus->rirb.res[addr]; /* the last value */
@@ -415,9 +419,6 @@ int snd_hdac_bus_reset_link(struct hdac_bus *bus, bool full_reset)
 		return -EBUSY;
 	}
 
-	/* Accept unsolicited responses */
-	snd_hdac_chip_updatel(bus, GCTL, AZX_GCTL_UNSOL, AZX_GCTL_UNSOL);
-
 	/* detect codecs */
 	if (!bus->codec_mask) {
 		bus->codec_mask = snd_hdac_chip_readw(bus, STATESTS);
diff --git a/sound/hda/hdac_device.c b/sound/hda/hdac_device.c
index 6907dbe..b26cc93 100644
--- a/sound/hda/hdac_device.c
+++ b/sound/hda/hdac_device.c
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ int snd_hdac_device_init(struct hdac_device *codec, struct hdac_bus *bus,
 
 	fg = codec->afg ? codec->afg : codec->mfg;
 
-	err = snd_hdac_refresh_widgets(codec, false);
+	err = snd_hdac_refresh_widgets(codec);
 	if (err < 0)
 		goto error;
 
@@ -395,32 +395,35 @@ static void setup_fg_nodes(struct hdac_device *codec)
 /**
  * snd_hdac_refresh_widgets - Reset the widget start/end nodes
  * @codec: the codec object
- * @sysfs: re-initialize sysfs tree, too
  */
-int snd_hdac_refresh_widgets(struct hdac_device *codec, bool sysfs)
+int snd_hdac_refresh_widgets(struct hdac_device *codec)
 {
 	hda_nid_t start_nid;
-	int nums, err;
+	int nums, err = 0;
 
+	/*
+	 * Serialize against multiple threads trying to update the sysfs
+	 * widgets array.
+	 */
+	mutex_lock(&codec->widget_lock);
 	nums = snd_hdac_get_sub_nodes(codec, codec->afg, &start_nid);
 	if (!start_nid || nums <= 0 || nums >= 0xff) {
 		dev_err(&codec->dev, "cannot read sub nodes for FG 0x%02x\n",
 			codec->afg);
-		return -EINVAL;
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto unlock;
 	}
 
-	if (sysfs) {
-		mutex_lock(&codec->widget_lock);
-		err = hda_widget_sysfs_reinit(codec, start_nid, nums);
-		mutex_unlock(&codec->widget_lock);
-		if (err < 0)
-			return err;
-	}
+	err = hda_widget_sysfs_reinit(codec, start_nid, nums);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto unlock;
 
 	codec->num_nodes = nums;
 	codec->start_nid = start_nid;
 	codec->end_nid = start_nid + nums;
-	return 0;
+unlock:
+	mutex_unlock(&codec->widget_lock);
+	return err;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_hdac_refresh_widgets);
 
diff --git a/sound/hda/hdac_sysfs.c b/sound/hda/hdac_sysfs.c
index 909d5ef..e56e833 100644
--- a/sound/hda/hdac_sysfs.c
+++ b/sound/hda/hdac_sysfs.c
@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ int hda_widget_sysfs_reinit(struct hdac_device *codec,
 	int i;
 
 	if (!codec->widgets)
-		return hda_widget_sysfs_init(codec);
+		return 0;
 
 	tree = kmemdup(codec->widgets, sizeof(*tree), GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!tree)
diff --git a/sound/pci/asihpi/asihpi.c b/sound/pci/asihpi/asihpi.c
index e7234f3..2a21a3d 100644
--- a/sound/pci/asihpi/asihpi.c
+++ b/sound/pci/asihpi/asihpi.c
@@ -1519,7 +1519,6 @@ static int snd_asihpi_volume_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 static int snd_asihpi_volume_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 				 struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
 {
-	int change;
 	u32 h_control = kcontrol->private_value;
 	short an_gain_mB[HPI_MAX_CHANNELS];
 
@@ -1530,9 +1529,8 @@ static int snd_asihpi_volume_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 	/*  change = asihpi->mixer_volume[addr][0] != left ||
 	   asihpi->mixer_volume[addr][1] != right;
 	 */
-	change = 1;
 	hpi_handle_error(hpi_volume_set_gain(h_control, an_gain_mB));
-	return change;
+	return 1;
 }
 
 static const DECLARE_TLV_DB_SCALE(db_scale_100, -10000, VOL_STEP_mB, 0);
@@ -1555,13 +1553,12 @@ static int snd_asihpi_volume_mute_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 				 struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
 {
 	u32 h_control = kcontrol->private_value;
-	int change = 1;
 	/* HPI currently only supports all or none muting of multichannel volume
 	ALSA Switch element has opposite sense to HPI mute: on==unmuted, off=muted
 	*/
 	int mute =  ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] ? 0 : HPI_BITMASK_ALL_CHANNELS;
 	hpi_handle_error(hpi_volume_set_mute(h_control, mute));
-	return change;
+	return 1;
 }
 
 static int snd_asihpi_volume_add(struct snd_card_asihpi *asihpi,
diff --git a/sound/pci/cs4281.c b/sound/pci/cs4281.c
index a2cce3e..04c7126 100644
--- a/sound/pci/cs4281.c
+++ b/sound/pci/cs4281.c
@@ -694,7 +694,7 @@ static int snd_cs4281_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int cmd)
 
 static unsigned int snd_cs4281_rate(unsigned int rate, unsigned int *real_rate)
 {
-	unsigned int val = ~0;
+	unsigned int val;
 	
 	if (real_rate)
 		*real_rate = rate;
@@ -707,9 +707,8 @@ static unsigned int snd_cs4281_rate(unsigned int rate, unsigned int *real_rate)
 	case 44100:	return 1;
 	case 48000:	return 0;
 	default:
-		goto __variable;
+		break;
 	}
-      __variable:
 	val = 1536000 / rate;
 	if (real_rate)
 		*real_rate = 1536000 / val;
diff --git a/sound/pci/echoaudio/echoaudio_dsp.c b/sound/pci/echoaudio/echoaudio_dsp.c
index b181752b..50d4a87 100644
--- a/sound/pci/echoaudio/echoaudio_dsp.c
+++ b/sound/pci/echoaudio/echoaudio_dsp.c
@@ -1058,7 +1058,6 @@ static int allocate_pipes(struct echoaudio *chip, struct audiopipe *pipe,
 {
 	int i;
 	u32 channel_mask;
-	char is_cyclic;
 
 	dev_dbg(chip->card->dev,
 		"allocate_pipes: ch=%d int=%d\n", pipe_index, interleave);
@@ -1066,8 +1065,6 @@ static int allocate_pipes(struct echoaudio *chip, struct audiopipe *pipe,
 	if (chip->bad_board)
 		return -EIO;
 
-	is_cyclic = 1;	/* This driver uses cyclic buffers only */
-
 	for (channel_mask = i = 0; i < interleave; i++)
 		channel_mask |= 1 << (pipe_index + i);
 	if (chip->pipe_alloc_mask & channel_mask) {
@@ -1078,8 +1075,8 @@ static int allocate_pipes(struct echoaudio *chip, struct audiopipe *pipe,
 
 	chip->comm_page->position[pipe_index] = 0;
 	chip->pipe_alloc_mask |= channel_mask;
-	if (is_cyclic)
-		chip->pipe_cyclic_mask |= channel_mask;
+	/* This driver uses cyclic buffers only */
+	chip->pipe_cyclic_mask |= channel_mask;
 	pipe->index = pipe_index;
 	pipe->interleave = interleave;
 	pipe->state = PIPE_STATE_STOPPED;
diff --git a/sound/pci/hda/hda_codec.c b/sound/pci/hda/hda_codec.c
index 6c51b83..5346631 100644
--- a/sound/pci/hda/hda_codec.c
+++ b/sound/pci/hda/hda_codec.c
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ static int add_conn_list(struct hda_codec *codec, hda_nid_t nid, int len,
 {
 	struct hda_conn_list *p;
 
-	p = kmalloc(sizeof(*p) + len * sizeof(hda_nid_t), GFP_KERNEL);
+	p = kmalloc(struct_size(p, conns, len), GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!p)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	p->len = len;
@@ -1002,7 +1002,7 @@ int snd_hda_codec_update_widgets(struct hda_codec *codec)
 	hda_nid_t fg;
 	int err;
 
-	err = snd_hdac_refresh_widgets(&codec->core, true);
+	err = snd_hdac_refresh_widgets(&codec->core);
 	if (err < 0)
 		return err;
 
diff --git a/sound/pci/hda/hda_controller.c b/sound/pci/hda/hda_controller.c
index 232a192..c8d1b43 100644
--- a/sound/pci/hda/hda_controller.c
+++ b/sound/pci/hda/hda_controller.c
@@ -795,11 +795,11 @@ static int azx_rirb_get_response(struct hdac_bus *bus, unsigned int addr,
 
 	for (loopcounter = 0;; loopcounter++) {
 		spin_lock_irq(&bus->reg_lock);
-		if (chip->polling_mode || do_poll)
+		if (bus->polling_mode || do_poll)
 			snd_hdac_bus_update_rirb(bus);
 		if (!bus->rirb.cmds[addr]) {
 			if (!do_poll)
-				chip->poll_count = 0;
+				bus->poll_count = 0;
 			if (res)
 				*res = bus->rirb.res[addr]; /* the last value */
 			spin_unlock_irq(&bus->reg_lock);
@@ -819,21 +819,21 @@ static int azx_rirb_get_response(struct hdac_bus *bus, unsigned int addr,
 	if (hbus->no_response_fallback)
 		return -EIO;
 
-	if (!chip->polling_mode && chip->poll_count < 2) {
+	if (!bus->polling_mode && bus->poll_count < 2) {
 		dev_dbg(chip->card->dev,
 			"azx_get_response timeout, polling the codec once: last cmd=0x%08x\n",
 			bus->last_cmd[addr]);
 		do_poll = 1;
-		chip->poll_count++;
+		bus->poll_count++;
 		goto again;
 	}
 
 
-	if (!chip->polling_mode) {
+	if (!bus->polling_mode) {
 		dev_warn(chip->card->dev,
 			 "azx_get_response timeout, switching to polling mode: last cmd=0x%08x\n",
 			 bus->last_cmd[addr]);
-		chip->polling_mode = 1;
+		bus->polling_mode = 1;
 		goto again;
 	}
 
diff --git a/sound/pci/hda/hda_controller.h b/sound/pci/hda/hda_controller.h
index 3aa5c95..baa1537 100644
--- a/sound/pci/hda/hda_controller.h
+++ b/sound/pci/hda/hda_controller.h
@@ -133,11 +133,9 @@ struct azx {
 
 	/* flags */
 	int bdl_pos_adj;
-	int poll_count;
 	unsigned int running:1;
 	unsigned int fallback_to_single_cmd:1;
 	unsigned int single_cmd:1;
-	unsigned int polling_mode:1;
 	unsigned int msi:1;
 	unsigned int probing:1; /* codec probing phase */
 	unsigned int snoop:1;
diff --git a/sound/pci/hda/hda_intel.c b/sound/pci/hda/hda_intel.c
index 50f86f4..cb8b094 100644
--- a/sound/pci/hda/hda_intel.c
+++ b/sound/pci/hda/hda_intel.c
@@ -1687,10 +1687,6 @@ static int azx_create(struct snd_card *card, struct pci_dev *pci,
 	else
 		chip->bdl_pos_adj = bdl_pos_adj[dev];
 
-	/* Workaround for a communication error on CFL (bko#199007) and CNL */
-	if (IS_CFL(pci) || IS_CNL(pci))
-		chip->polling_mode = 1;
-
 	err = azx_bus_init(chip, model[dev], &pci_hda_io_ops);
 	if (err < 0) {
 		kfree(hda);
@@ -1698,6 +1694,10 @@ static int azx_create(struct snd_card *card, struct pci_dev *pci,
 		return err;
 	}
 
+	/* Workaround for a communication error on CFL (bko#199007) and CNL */
+	if (IS_CFL(pci) || IS_CNL(pci))
+		azx_bus(chip)->polling_mode = 1;
+
 	if (chip->driver_type == AZX_DRIVER_NVIDIA) {
 		dev_dbg(chip->card->dev, "Enable delay in RIRB handling\n");
 		chip->bus.needs_damn_long_delay = 1;
@@ -2374,6 +2374,9 @@ static const struct pci_device_id azx_ids[] = {
 	/* Icelake */
 	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x8086, 0x34c8),
 	  .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_SKL | AZX_DCAPS_INTEL_SKYLAKE},
+	/* Elkhart Lake */
+	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x8086, 0x4b55),
+	  .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_SKL | AZX_DCAPS_INTEL_SKYLAKE},
 	/* Broxton-P(Apollolake) */
 	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x8086, 0x5a98),
 	  .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_SKL | AZX_DCAPS_INTEL_BROXTON },
diff --git a/sound/pci/hda/hda_jack.c b/sound/pci/hda/hda_jack.c
index 6d9acd5..1fb7b06 100644
--- a/sound/pci/hda/hda_jack.c
+++ b/sound/pci/hda/hda_jack.c
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ static void call_jack_callback(struct hda_codec *codec, unsigned int res,
 void snd_hda_jack_unsol_event(struct hda_codec *codec, unsigned int res)
 {
 	struct hda_jack_tbl *event;
-	int tag = (res >> AC_UNSOL_RES_TAG_SHIFT) & 0x7f;
+	int tag = (res & AC_UNSOL_RES_TAG) >> AC_UNSOL_RES_TAG_SHIFT;
 
 	event = snd_hda_jack_tbl_get_from_tag(codec, tag);
 	if (!event)
diff --git a/sound/pci/hda/patch_ca0132.c b/sound/pci/hda/patch_ca0132.c
index c309679..0d51823 100644
--- a/sound/pci/hda/patch_ca0132.c
+++ b/sound/pci/hda/patch_ca0132.c
@@ -2718,7 +2718,7 @@ static bool is_last(const struct dsp_image_seg *p)
 
 static size_t dsp_sizeof(const struct dsp_image_seg *p)
 {
-	return sizeof(*p) + p->count*sizeof(u32);
+	return struct_size(p, data, p->count);
 }
 
 static const struct dsp_image_seg *get_next_seg_ptr(
@@ -5980,7 +5980,7 @@ static int ca0132_alt_volume_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 	int ch = get_amp_channels(kcontrol);
 	long *valp = ucontrol->value.integer.value;
 	hda_nid_t vnid = 0;
-	int changed = 1;
+	int changed;
 
 	switch (nid) {
 	case 0x02:
diff --git a/sound/pci/hda/patch_hdmi.c b/sound/pci/hda/patch_hdmi.c
index b7bde55b..40323d9 100644
--- a/sound/pci/hda/patch_hdmi.c
+++ b/sound/pci/hda/patch_hdmi.c
@@ -1614,7 +1614,8 @@ static void sync_eld_via_acomp(struct hda_codec *codec,
 	if (jack == NULL)
 		goto unlock;
 	snd_jack_report(jack,
-			eld->monitor_present ? SND_JACK_AVOUT : 0);
+			(eld->monitor_present && eld->eld_valid) ?
+				SND_JACK_AVOUT : 0);
  unlock:
 	mutex_unlock(&per_pin->lock);
 }
diff --git a/sound/pci/hda/patch_realtek.c b/sound/pci/hda/patch_realtek.c
index 5b3c269..f24a757 100644
--- a/sound/pci/hda/patch_realtek.c
+++ b/sound/pci/hda/patch_realtek.c
@@ -2448,9 +2448,10 @@ static const struct snd_pci_quirk alc882_fixup_tbl[] = {
 	SND_PCI_QUIRK(0x1558, 0x9501, "Clevo P950HR", ALC1220_FIXUP_CLEVO_P950),
 	SND_PCI_QUIRK(0x1558, 0x95e1, "Clevo P95xER", ALC1220_FIXUP_CLEVO_P950),
 	SND_PCI_QUIRK(0x1558, 0x95e2, "Clevo P950ER", ALC1220_FIXUP_CLEVO_P950),
-	SND_PCI_QUIRK(0x1558, 0x96e1, "System76 Oryx Pro (oryp5)", ALC1220_FIXUP_CLEVO_PB51ED_PINS),
-	SND_PCI_QUIRK(0x1558, 0x97e1, "System76 Oryx Pro (oryp5)", ALC1220_FIXUP_CLEVO_PB51ED_PINS),
-	SND_PCI_QUIRK(0x1558, 0x65d1, "Tuxedo Book XC1509", ALC1220_FIXUP_CLEVO_PB51ED_PINS),
+	SND_PCI_QUIRK(0x1558, 0x96e1, "Clevo P960[ER][CDFN]-K", ALC1220_FIXUP_CLEVO_P950),
+	SND_PCI_QUIRK(0x1558, 0x97e1, "Clevo P970[ER][CDFN]", ALC1220_FIXUP_CLEVO_P950),
+	SND_PCI_QUIRK(0x1558, 0x65d1, "Clevo PB51[ER][CDF]", ALC1220_FIXUP_CLEVO_PB51ED_PINS),
+	SND_PCI_QUIRK(0x1558, 0x67d1, "Clevo PB71[ER][CDF]", ALC1220_FIXUP_CLEVO_PB51ED_PINS),
 	SND_PCI_QUIRK_VENDOR(0x1558, "Clevo laptop", ALC882_FIXUP_EAPD),
 	SND_PCI_QUIRK(0x161f, 0x2054, "Medion laptop", ALC883_FIXUP_EAPD),
 	SND_PCI_QUIRK(0x17aa, 0x3a0d, "Lenovo Y530", ALC882_FIXUP_LENOVO_Y530),
@@ -3254,6 +3255,7 @@ static void alc256_init(struct hda_codec *codec)
 	alc_update_coefex_idx(codec, 0x57, 0x04, 0x0007, 0x4); /* Hight power */
 	alc_update_coefex_idx(codec, 0x53, 0x02, 0x8000, 1 << 15); /* Clear bit */
 	alc_update_coefex_idx(codec, 0x53, 0x02, 0x8000, 0 << 15);
+	alc_update_coef_idx(codec, 0x36, 1 << 13, 1 << 5); /* Switch pcbeep path to Line in path*/
 }
 
 static void alc256_shutup(struct hda_codec *codec)
@@ -7074,6 +7076,7 @@ static const struct snd_pci_quirk alc269_fixup_tbl[] = {
 	SND_PCI_QUIRK(0x17aa, 0x30bb, "ThinkCentre AIO", ALC233_FIXUP_LENOVO_LINE2_MIC_HOTKEY),
 	SND_PCI_QUIRK(0x17aa, 0x30e2, "ThinkCentre AIO", ALC233_FIXUP_LENOVO_LINE2_MIC_HOTKEY),
 	SND_PCI_QUIRK(0x17aa, 0x310c, "ThinkCentre Station", ALC294_FIXUP_LENOVO_MIC_LOCATION),
+	SND_PCI_QUIRK(0x17aa, 0x3111, "ThinkCentre Station", ALC294_FIXUP_LENOVO_MIC_LOCATION),
 	SND_PCI_QUIRK(0x17aa, 0x312a, "ThinkCentre Station", ALC294_FIXUP_LENOVO_MIC_LOCATION),
 	SND_PCI_QUIRK(0x17aa, 0x312f, "ThinkCentre Station", ALC294_FIXUP_LENOVO_MIC_LOCATION),
 	SND_PCI_QUIRK(0x17aa, 0x313c, "ThinkCentre Station", ALC294_FIXUP_LENOVO_MIC_LOCATION),
@@ -7823,7 +7826,6 @@ static int patch_alc269(struct hda_codec *codec)
 		spec->shutup = alc256_shutup;
 		spec->init_hook = alc256_init;
 		spec->gen.mixer_nid = 0; /* ALC256 does not have any loopback mixer path */
-		alc_update_coef_idx(codec, 0x36, 1 << 13, 1 << 5); /* Switch pcbeep path to Line in path*/
 		break;
 	case 0x10ec0257:
 		spec->codec_variant = ALC269_TYPE_ALC257;
diff --git a/sound/pci/lx6464es/lx_core.c b/sound/pci/lx6464es/lx_core.c
index 9236a1a..dd3a873 100644
--- a/sound/pci/lx6464es/lx_core.c
+++ b/sound/pci/lx6464es/lx_core.c
@@ -986,8 +986,6 @@ static int lx_interrupt_handle_async_events(struct lx6464es *chip, u32 irqsrc,
 	 * Stat[8]	LSB overrun
 	 * */
 
-	u64 orun_mask;
-	u64 urun_mask;
 	int eb_pending_out = (irqsrc & MASK_SYS_STATUS_EOBO) ? 1 : 0;
 	int eb_pending_in  = (irqsrc & MASK_SYS_STATUS_EOBI) ? 1 : 0;
 
@@ -1010,9 +1008,6 @@ static int lx_interrupt_handle_async_events(struct lx6464es *chip, u32 irqsrc,
 			    *r_notified_out_pipe_mask);
 	}
 
-	orun_mask = ((u64)stat[7] << 32) + stat[8];
-	urun_mask = ((u64)stat[5] << 32) + stat[6];
-
 	/* todo: handle xrun notification */
 
 	return err;
diff --git a/sound/pci/rme9652/hdspm.c b/sound/pci/rme9652/hdspm.c
index 6f5eaa5..81a6f4b 100644
--- a/sound/pci/rme9652/hdspm.c
+++ b/sound/pci/rme9652/hdspm.c
@@ -23,6 +23,9 @@
  *      Modified 2011-01-14 added S/PDIF input on RayDATs by Adrian Knoth
  *
  *	Modified 2011-01-25 variable period sizes on RayDAT/AIO by Adrian Knoth
+ *
+ *      Modified 2019-05-23 fix AIO single speed ADAT capture and playback
+ *      by Philippe.Bekaert@uhasselt.be
  */
 
 /* *************    Register Documentation   *******************************************************
@@ -1091,9 +1094,9 @@ static int hdspm_autosync_ref(struct hdspm *hdspm);
 static int hdspm_set_toggle_setting(struct hdspm *hdspm, u32 regmask, int out);
 static int snd_hdspm_set_defaults(struct hdspm *hdspm);
 static int hdspm_system_clock_mode(struct hdspm *hdspm);
-static void hdspm_set_sgbuf(struct hdspm *hdspm,
-			    struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
-			     unsigned int reg, int channels);
+static void hdspm_set_channel_dma_addr(struct hdspm *hdspm,
+				       struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+				       unsigned int reg, int channels);
 
 static int hdspm_aes_sync_check(struct hdspm *hdspm, int idx);
 static int hdspm_wc_sync_check(struct hdspm *hdspm);
@@ -5574,11 +5577,16 @@ static int snd_hdspm_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 
 	if (substream->stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK) {
 
-		hdspm_set_sgbuf(hdspm, substream, HDSPM_pageAddressBufferOut,
-				params_channels(params));
+		for (i = 0; i < params_channels(params); ++i) {
+			int c = hdspm->channel_map_out[i];
 
-		for (i = 0; i < params_channels(params); ++i)
-			snd_hdspm_enable_out(hdspm, i, 1);
+			if (c < 0)
+				continue;      /* just make sure */
+			hdspm_set_channel_dma_addr(hdspm, substream,
+						   HDSPM_pageAddressBufferOut,
+						   c);
+			snd_hdspm_enable_out(hdspm, c, 1);
+		}
 
 		hdspm->playback_buffer =
 			(unsigned char *) substream->runtime->dma_area;
@@ -5586,11 +5594,16 @@ static int snd_hdspm_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
 			"Allocated sample buffer for playback at %p\n",
 				hdspm->playback_buffer);
 	} else {
-		hdspm_set_sgbuf(hdspm, substream, HDSPM_pageAddressBufferIn,
-				params_channels(params));
+		for (i = 0; i < params_channels(params); ++i) {
+			int c = hdspm->channel_map_in[i];
 
-		for (i = 0; i < params_channels(params); ++i)
-			snd_hdspm_enable_in(hdspm, i, 1);
+			if (c < 0)
+				continue;
+			hdspm_set_channel_dma_addr(hdspm, substream,
+						   HDSPM_pageAddressBufferIn,
+						   c);
+			snd_hdspm_enable_in(hdspm, c, 1);
+		}
 
 		hdspm->capture_buffer =
 			(unsigned char *) substream->runtime->dma_area;
@@ -5651,19 +5664,17 @@ static int snd_hdspm_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 	struct hdspm *hdspm = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
 
 	if (substream->stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK) {
-
-		/* params_channels(params) should be enough,
-		   but to get sure in case of error */
-		for (i = 0; i < hdspm->max_channels_out; ++i)
+		/* Just disable all channels. The saving when disabling a */
+		/* smaller set is not worth the trouble. */
+		for (i = 0; i < HDSPM_MAX_CHANNELS; ++i)
 			snd_hdspm_enable_out(hdspm, i, 0);
 
 		hdspm->playback_buffer = NULL;
 	} else {
-		for (i = 0; i < hdspm->max_channels_in; ++i)
+		for (i = 0; i < HDSPM_MAX_CHANNELS; ++i)
 			snd_hdspm_enable_in(hdspm, i, 0);
 
 		hdspm->capture_buffer = NULL;
-
 	}
 
 	snd_pcm_lib_free_pages(substream);
@@ -6402,17 +6413,17 @@ static int snd_hdspm_preallocate_memory(struct hdspm *hdspm)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-
-static void hdspm_set_sgbuf(struct hdspm *hdspm,
-			    struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
-			     unsigned int reg, int channels)
+/* Inform the card what DMA addresses to use for the indicated channel. */
+/* Each channel got 16 4K pages allocated for DMA transfers. */
+static void hdspm_set_channel_dma_addr(struct hdspm *hdspm,
+				       struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+				       unsigned int reg, int channel)
 {
 	int i;
 
-	/* continuous memory segment */
-	for (i = 0; i < (channels * 16); i++)
+	for (i = channel * 16; i < channel * 16 + 16; i++)
 		hdspm_write(hdspm, reg + 4 * i,
-				snd_pcm_sgbuf_get_addr(substream, 4096 * i));
+			    snd_pcm_sgbuf_get_addr(substream, 4096 * i));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/sound/soc/codecs/hdac_hdmi.c b/sound/soc/codecs/hdac_hdmi.c
index 2d3f58a..2991895 100644
--- a/sound/soc/codecs/hdac_hdmi.c
+++ b/sound/soc/codecs/hdac_hdmi.c
@@ -2072,7 +2072,7 @@ static int hdac_hdmi_dev_probe(struct hdac_device *hdev)
 			"Failed in parse and map nid with err: %d\n", ret);
 		return ret;
 	}
-	snd_hdac_refresh_widgets(hdev, true);
+	snd_hdac_refresh_widgets(hdev);
 
 	/* ASoC specific initialization */
 	ret = devm_snd_soc_register_component(&hdev->dev, &hdmi_hda_codec,
diff --git a/sound/soc/sof/intel/hda.c b/sound/soc/sof/intel/hda.c
index 136f98b..7f66539 100644
--- a/sound/soc/sof/intel/hda.c
+++ b/sound/soc/sof/intel/hda.c
@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@
 /* platform specific devices */
 #include "shim.h"
 
+#define IS_CFL(pci) ((pci)->vendor == 0x8086 && (pci)->device == 0xa348)
+#define IS_CNL(pci) ((pci)->vendor == 0x8086 && (pci)->device == 0x9dc8)
+
 /*
  * Debug
  */
@@ -245,6 +248,11 @@ static int hda_init(struct snd_sof_dev *sdev)
 	ext_ops = snd_soc_hdac_hda_get_ops();
 #endif
 	sof_hda_bus_init(bus, &pci->dev, ext_ops);
+
+	/* Workaround for a communication error on CFL (bko#199007) and CNL */
+	if (IS_CFL(pci) || IS_CNL(pci))
+		bus->polling_mode = 1;
+
 	bus->use_posbuf = 1;
 	bus->bdl_pos_adj = 0;
 
diff --git a/sound/usb/format.c b/sound/usb/format.c
index c02b51a..d79db71 100644
--- a/sound/usb/format.c
+++ b/sound/usb/format.c
@@ -285,6 +285,33 @@ static int parse_uac2_sample_rate_range(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
 	return nr_rates;
 }
 
+/* Line6 Helix series don't support the UAC2_CS_RANGE usb function
+ * call. Return a static table of known clock rates.
+ */
+static int line6_parse_audio_format_rates_quirk(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
+						struct audioformat *fp)
+{
+	switch (chip->usb_id) {
+	case USB_ID(0x0E41, 0x4241): /* Line6 Helix */
+	case USB_ID(0x0E41, 0x4242): /* Line6 Helix Rack */
+	case USB_ID(0x0E41, 0x4244): /* Line6 Helix LT */
+	case USB_ID(0x0E41, 0x4246): /* Line6 HX-Stomp */
+		/* supported rates: 48Khz */
+		kfree(fp->rate_table);
+		fp->rate_table = kmalloc(sizeof(int), GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (!fp->rate_table)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+		fp->nr_rates = 1;
+		fp->rate_min = 48000;
+		fp->rate_max = 48000;
+		fp->rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000;
+		fp->rate_table[0] = 48000;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return -ENODEV;
+}
+
 /*
  * parse the format descriptor and stores the possible sample rates
  * on the audioformat table (audio class v2 and v3).
@@ -294,7 +321,7 @@ static int parse_audio_format_rates_v2v3(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
 {
 	struct usb_device *dev = chip->dev;
 	unsigned char tmp[2], *data;
-	int nr_triplets, data_size, ret = 0;
+	int nr_triplets, data_size, ret = 0, ret_l6;
 	int clock = snd_usb_clock_find_source(chip, fp->protocol,
 					      fp->clock, false);
 
@@ -313,9 +340,22 @@ static int parse_audio_format_rates_v2v3(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
 			      tmp, sizeof(tmp));
 
 	if (ret < 0) {
-		dev_err(&dev->dev,
-			"%s(): unable to retrieve number of sample rates (clock %d)\n",
+		/* line6 helix devices don't support UAC2_CS_CONTROL_SAM_FREQ call */
+		ret_l6 = line6_parse_audio_format_rates_quirk(chip, fp);
+		if (ret_l6 == -ENODEV) {
+			/* no line6 device found continue showing the error */
+			dev_err(&dev->dev,
+				"%s(): unable to retrieve number of sample rates (clock %d)\n",
 				__func__, clock);
+			goto err;
+		}
+		if (ret_l6 == 0) {
+			dev_info(&dev->dev,
+				"%s(): unable to retrieve number of sample rates: set it to a predefined value (clock %d).\n",
+				__func__, clock);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		ret = ret_l6;
 		goto err;
 	}
 
diff --git a/sound/usb/helper.c b/sound/usb/helper.c
index 84aa265..71d5f54 100644
--- a/sound/usb/helper.c
+++ b/sound/usb/helper.c
@@ -63,6 +63,20 @@ void *snd_usb_find_csint_desc(void *buffer, int buflen, void *after, u8 dsubtype
 	return NULL;
 }
 
+/* check the validity of pipe and EP types */
+int snd_usb_pipe_sanity_check(struct usb_device *dev, unsigned int pipe)
+{
+	static const int pipetypes[4] = {
+		PIPE_CONTROL, PIPE_ISOCHRONOUS, PIPE_BULK, PIPE_INTERRUPT
+	};
+	struct usb_host_endpoint *ep;
+
+	ep = usb_pipe_endpoint(dev, pipe);
+	if (usb_pipetype(pipe) != pipetypes[usb_endpoint_type(&ep->desc)])
+		return -EINVAL;
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /*
  * Wrapper for usb_control_msg().
  * Allocates a temp buffer to prevent dmaing from/to the stack.
@@ -75,6 +89,9 @@ int snd_usb_ctl_msg(struct usb_device *dev, unsigned int pipe, __u8 request,
 	void *buf = NULL;
 	int timeout;
 
+	if (snd_usb_pipe_sanity_check(dev, pipe))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
 	if (size > 0) {
 		buf = kmemdup(data, size, GFP_KERNEL);
 		if (!buf)
diff --git a/sound/usb/helper.h b/sound/usb/helper.h
index d338bd0..6afb701 100644
--- a/sound/usb/helper.h
+++ b/sound/usb/helper.h
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ unsigned int snd_usb_combine_bytes(unsigned char *bytes, int size);
 void *snd_usb_find_desc(void *descstart, int desclen, void *after, u8 dtype);
 void *snd_usb_find_csint_desc(void *descstart, int desclen, void *after, u8 dsubtype);
 
+int snd_usb_pipe_sanity_check(struct usb_device *dev, unsigned int pipe);
 int snd_usb_ctl_msg(struct usb_device *dev, unsigned int pipe,
 		    __u8 request, __u8 requesttype, __u16 value, __u16 index,
 		    void *data, __u16 size);
diff --git a/sound/usb/line6/driver.c b/sound/usb/line6/driver.c
index e63a245..ab2ec89 100644
--- a/sound/usb/line6/driver.c
+++ b/sound/usb/line6/driver.c
@@ -192,17 +192,6 @@ static int line6_send_raw_message_async_part(struct message *msg,
 }
 
 /*
-	Setup and start timer.
-*/
-void line6_start_timer(struct timer_list *timer, unsigned long msecs,
-		       void (*function)(struct timer_list *t))
-{
-	timer->function = function;
-	mod_timer(timer, jiffies + msecs_to_jiffies(msecs));
-}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(line6_start_timer);
-
-/*
 	Asynchronously send raw message.
 */
 int line6_send_raw_message_async(struct usb_line6 *line6, const char *buffer,
diff --git a/sound/usb/line6/driver.h b/sound/usb/line6/driver.h
index a9f7b4aa..e5e572e 100644
--- a/sound/usb/line6/driver.h
+++ b/sound/usb/line6/driver.h
@@ -64,13 +64,6 @@
 
 #define LINE6_CHANNEL_MASK 0x0f
 
-#define CHECK_STARTUP_PROGRESS(x, n)	\
-do {					\
-	if ((x) >= (n))			\
-		return;			\
-	x = (n);			\
-} while (0)
-
 extern const unsigned char line6_midi_id[3];
 
 static const int SYSEX_DATA_OFS = sizeof(line6_midi_id) + 3;
@@ -197,8 +190,6 @@ extern int line6_send_sysex_message(struct usb_line6 *line6,
 				    const char *buffer, int size);
 extern ssize_t line6_set_raw(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
 			     const char *buf, size_t count);
-extern void line6_start_timer(struct timer_list *timer, unsigned long msecs,
-			      void (*function)(struct timer_list *t));
 extern int line6_version_request_async(struct usb_line6 *line6);
 extern int line6_write_data(struct usb_line6 *line6, unsigned address,
 			    void *data, unsigned datalen);
diff --git a/sound/usb/line6/pcm.c b/sound/usb/line6/pcm.c
index 21127e4..2c03e0f 100644
--- a/sound/usb/line6/pcm.c
+++ b/sound/usb/line6/pcm.c
@@ -556,6 +556,11 @@ int line6_init_pcm(struct usb_line6 *line6,
 	line6pcm->max_packet_size_out =
 		usb_maxpacket(line6->usbdev,
 			usb_sndisocpipe(line6->usbdev, ep_write), 1);
+	if (!line6pcm->max_packet_size_in || !line6pcm->max_packet_size_out) {
+		dev_err(line6pcm->line6->ifcdev,
+			"cannot get proper max packet size\n");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
 
 	spin_lock_init(&line6pcm->out.lock);
 	spin_lock_init(&line6pcm->in.lock);
diff --git a/sound/usb/line6/pod.c b/sound/usb/line6/pod.c
index 200ae53..ee4c9d22 100644
--- a/sound/usb/line6/pod.c
+++ b/sound/usb/line6/pod.c
@@ -35,11 +35,9 @@
 	Stages of POD startup procedure
 */
 enum {
-	POD_STARTUP_INIT = 1,
 	POD_STARTUP_VERSIONREQ,
-	POD_STARTUP_WORKQUEUE,
 	POD_STARTUP_SETUP,
-	POD_STARTUP_LAST = POD_STARTUP_SETUP - 1
+	POD_STARTUP_DONE,
 };
 
 enum {
@@ -59,12 +57,6 @@ struct usb_line6_pod {
 	/* Instrument monitor level */
 	int monitor_level;
 
-	/* Timer for device initialization */
-	struct timer_list startup_timer;
-
-	/* Work handler for device initialization */
-	struct work_struct startup_work;
-
 	/* Current progress in startup procedure */
 	int startup_progress;
 
@@ -78,6 +70,8 @@ struct usb_line6_pod {
 	int device_id;
 };
 
+#define line6_to_pod(x)		container_of(x, struct usb_line6_pod, line6)
+
 #define POD_SYSEX_CODE 3
 
 /* *INDENT-OFF* */
@@ -169,10 +163,6 @@ static const char pod_version_header[] = {
 	0xf2, 0x7e, 0x7f, 0x06, 0x02
 };
 
-/* forward declarations: */
-static void pod_startup2(struct timer_list *t);
-static void pod_startup3(struct usb_line6_pod *pod);
-
 static char *pod_alloc_sysex_buffer(struct usb_line6_pod *pod, int code,
 				    int size)
 {
@@ -185,14 +175,17 @@ static char *pod_alloc_sysex_buffer(struct usb_line6_pod *pod, int code,
 */
 static void line6_pod_process_message(struct usb_line6 *line6)
 {
-	struct usb_line6_pod *pod = (struct usb_line6_pod *) line6;
+	struct usb_line6_pod *pod = line6_to_pod(line6);
 	const unsigned char *buf = pod->line6.buffer_message;
 
 	if (memcmp(buf, pod_version_header, sizeof(pod_version_header)) == 0) {
 		pod->firmware_version = buf[13] * 100 + buf[14] * 10 + buf[15];
 		pod->device_id = ((int)buf[8] << 16) | ((int)buf[9] << 8) |
 				 (int) buf[10];
-		pod_startup3(pod);
+		if (pod->startup_progress == POD_STARTUP_VERSIONREQ) {
+			pod->startup_progress = POD_STARTUP_SETUP;
+			schedule_delayed_work(&line6->startup_work, 0);
+		}
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -277,47 +270,27 @@ static ssize_t device_id_show(struct device *dev,
 	context). After the last one has finished, the device is ready to use.
 */
 
-static void pod_startup1(struct usb_line6_pod *pod)
+static void pod_startup(struct usb_line6 *line6)
 {
-	CHECK_STARTUP_PROGRESS(pod->startup_progress, POD_STARTUP_INIT);
+	struct usb_line6_pod *pod = line6_to_pod(line6);
 
-	/* delay startup procedure: */
-	line6_start_timer(&pod->startup_timer, POD_STARTUP_DELAY, pod_startup2);
-}
+	switch (pod->startup_progress) {
+	case POD_STARTUP_VERSIONREQ:
+		/* request firmware version: */
+		line6_version_request_async(line6);
+		break;
+	case POD_STARTUP_SETUP:
+		/* serial number: */
+		line6_read_serial_number(&pod->line6, &pod->serial_number);
 
-static void pod_startup2(struct timer_list *t)
-{
-	struct usb_line6_pod *pod = from_timer(pod, t, startup_timer);
-	struct usb_line6 *line6 = &pod->line6;
-
-	CHECK_STARTUP_PROGRESS(pod->startup_progress, POD_STARTUP_VERSIONREQ);
-
-	/* request firmware version: */
-	line6_version_request_async(line6);
-}
-
-static void pod_startup3(struct usb_line6_pod *pod)
-{
-	CHECK_STARTUP_PROGRESS(pod->startup_progress, POD_STARTUP_WORKQUEUE);
-
-	/* schedule work for global work queue: */
-	schedule_work(&pod->startup_work);
-}
-
-static void pod_startup4(struct work_struct *work)
-{
-	struct usb_line6_pod *pod =
-	    container_of(work, struct usb_line6_pod, startup_work);
-	struct usb_line6 *line6 = &pod->line6;
-
-	CHECK_STARTUP_PROGRESS(pod->startup_progress, POD_STARTUP_SETUP);
-
-	/* serial number: */
-	line6_read_serial_number(&pod->line6, &pod->serial_number);
-
-	/* ALSA audio interface: */
-	if (snd_card_register(line6->card))
-		dev_err(line6->ifcdev, "Failed to register POD card.\n");
+		/* ALSA audio interface: */
+		if (snd_card_register(line6->card))
+			dev_err(line6->ifcdev, "Failed to register POD card.\n");
+		pod->startup_progress = POD_STARTUP_DONE;
+		break;
+	default:
+		break;
+	}
 }
 
 /* POD special files: */
@@ -353,7 +326,7 @@ static int snd_pod_control_monitor_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 				       struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
 {
 	struct snd_line6_pcm *line6pcm = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
-	struct usb_line6_pod *pod = (struct usb_line6_pod *)line6pcm->line6;
+	struct usb_line6_pod *pod = line6_to_pod(line6pcm->line6);
 
 	ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = pod->monitor_level;
 	return 0;
@@ -364,7 +337,7 @@ static int snd_pod_control_monitor_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 				       struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
 {
 	struct snd_line6_pcm *line6pcm = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
-	struct usb_line6_pod *pod = (struct usb_line6_pod *)line6pcm->line6;
+	struct usb_line6_pod *pod = line6_to_pod(line6pcm->line6);
 
 	if (ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] == pod->monitor_level)
 		return 0;
@@ -387,30 +360,16 @@ static const struct snd_kcontrol_new pod_control_monitor = {
 };
 
 /*
-	POD device disconnected.
-*/
-static void line6_pod_disconnect(struct usb_line6 *line6)
-{
-	struct usb_line6_pod *pod = (struct usb_line6_pod *)line6;
-
-	del_timer_sync(&pod->startup_timer);
-	cancel_work_sync(&pod->startup_work);
-}
-
-/*
 	 Try to init POD device.
 */
 static int pod_init(struct usb_line6 *line6,
 		    const struct usb_device_id *id)
 {
 	int err;
-	struct usb_line6_pod *pod = (struct usb_line6_pod *) line6;
+	struct usb_line6_pod *pod = line6_to_pod(line6);
 
 	line6->process_message = line6_pod_process_message;
-	line6->disconnect = line6_pod_disconnect;
-
-	timer_setup(&pod->startup_timer, NULL, 0);
-	INIT_WORK(&pod->startup_work, pod_startup4);
+	line6->startup = pod_startup;
 
 	/* create sysfs entries: */
 	err = snd_card_add_dev_attr(line6->card, &pod_dev_attr_group);
@@ -443,7 +402,8 @@ static int pod_init(struct usb_line6 *line6,
 		pod->monitor_level = POD_SYSTEM_INVALID;
 
 		/* initiate startup procedure: */
-		pod_startup1(pod);
+		schedule_delayed_work(&line6->startup_work,
+				      msecs_to_jiffies(POD_STARTUP_DELAY));
 	}
 
 	return 0;
diff --git a/sound/usb/line6/podhd.c b/sound/usb/line6/podhd.c
index 77a1d55..f0662bd 100644
--- a/sound/usb/line6/podhd.c
+++ b/sound/usb/line6/podhd.c
@@ -18,16 +18,6 @@
 
 #define PODHD_STARTUP_DELAY 500
 
-/*
- * Stages of POD startup procedure
- */
-enum {
-	PODHD_STARTUP_INIT = 1,
-	PODHD_STARTUP_SCHEDULE_WORKQUEUE,
-	PODHD_STARTUP_SETUP,
-	PODHD_STARTUP_LAST = PODHD_STARTUP_SETUP - 1
-};
-
 enum {
 	LINE6_PODHD300,
 	LINE6_PODHD400,
@@ -43,15 +33,6 @@ struct usb_line6_podhd {
 	/* Generic Line 6 USB data */
 	struct usb_line6 line6;
 
-	/* Timer for device initialization */
-	struct timer_list startup_timer;
-
-	/* Work handler for device initialization */
-	struct work_struct startup_work;
-
-	/* Current progress in startup procedure */
-	int startup_progress;
-
 	/* Serial number of device */
 	u32 serial_number;
 
@@ -59,6 +40,8 @@ struct usb_line6_podhd {
 	int firmware_version;
 };
 
+#define line6_to_podhd(x)	container_of(x, struct usb_line6_podhd, line6)
+
 static struct snd_ratden podhd_ratden = {
 	.num_min = 48000,
 	.num_max = 48000,
@@ -154,10 +137,6 @@ static struct line6_pcm_properties podx3_pcm_properties = {
 };
 static struct usb_driver podhd_driver;
 
-static void podhd_startup_start_workqueue(struct timer_list *t);
-static void podhd_startup_workqueue(struct work_struct *work);
-static int podhd_startup_finalize(struct usb_line6_podhd *pod);
-
 static ssize_t serial_number_show(struct device *dev,
 				  struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
 {
@@ -198,26 +177,6 @@ static const struct attribute_group podhd_dev_attr_group = {
  * audio nor bulk interfaces to work.
  */
 
-static void podhd_startup(struct usb_line6_podhd *pod)
-{
-	CHECK_STARTUP_PROGRESS(pod->startup_progress, PODHD_STARTUP_INIT);
-
-	/* delay startup procedure: */
-	line6_start_timer(&pod->startup_timer, PODHD_STARTUP_DELAY,
-		podhd_startup_start_workqueue);
-}
-
-static void podhd_startup_start_workqueue(struct timer_list *t)
-{
-	struct usb_line6_podhd *pod = from_timer(pod, t, startup_timer);
-
-	CHECK_STARTUP_PROGRESS(pod->startup_progress,
-		PODHD_STARTUP_SCHEDULE_WORKQUEUE);
-
-	/* schedule work for global work queue: */
-	schedule_work(&pod->startup_work);
-}
-
 static int podhd_dev_start(struct usb_line6_podhd *pod)
 {
 	int ret;
@@ -268,37 +227,23 @@ static int podhd_dev_start(struct usb_line6_podhd *pod)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static void podhd_startup_workqueue(struct work_struct *work)
+static void podhd_startup(struct usb_line6 *line6)
 {
-	struct usb_line6_podhd *pod =
-	    container_of(work, struct usb_line6_podhd, startup_work);
-
-	CHECK_STARTUP_PROGRESS(pod->startup_progress, PODHD_STARTUP_SETUP);
+	struct usb_line6_podhd *pod = line6_to_podhd(line6);
 
 	podhd_dev_start(pod);
 	line6_read_serial_number(&pod->line6, &pod->serial_number);
-
-	podhd_startup_finalize(pod);
-}
-
-static int podhd_startup_finalize(struct usb_line6_podhd *pod)
-{
-	struct usb_line6 *line6 = &pod->line6;
-
-	/* ALSA audio interface: */
-	return snd_card_register(line6->card);
+	if (snd_card_register(line6->card))
+		dev_err(line6->ifcdev, "Failed to register POD HD card.\n");
 }
 
 static void podhd_disconnect(struct usb_line6 *line6)
 {
-	struct usb_line6_podhd *pod = (struct usb_line6_podhd *)line6;
+	struct usb_line6_podhd *pod = line6_to_podhd(line6);
 
 	if (pod->line6.properties->capabilities & LINE6_CAP_CONTROL_INFO) {
 		struct usb_interface *intf;
 
-		del_timer_sync(&pod->startup_timer);
-		cancel_work_sync(&pod->startup_work);
-
 		intf = usb_ifnum_to_if(line6->usbdev,
 					pod->line6.properties->ctrl_if);
 		if (intf)
@@ -313,13 +258,11 @@ static int podhd_init(struct usb_line6 *line6,
 		      const struct usb_device_id *id)
 {
 	int err;
-	struct usb_line6_podhd *pod = (struct usb_line6_podhd *) line6;
+	struct usb_line6_podhd *pod = line6_to_podhd(line6);
 	struct usb_interface *intf;
 
 	line6->disconnect = podhd_disconnect;
-
-	timer_setup(&pod->startup_timer, NULL, 0);
-	INIT_WORK(&pod->startup_work, podhd_startup_workqueue);
+	line6->startup = podhd_startup;
 
 	if (pod->line6.properties->capabilities & LINE6_CAP_CONTROL) {
 		/* claim the data interface */
@@ -358,11 +301,12 @@ static int podhd_init(struct usb_line6 *line6,
 
 	if (!(pod->line6.properties->capabilities & LINE6_CAP_CONTROL_INFO)) {
 		/* register USB audio system directly */
-		return podhd_startup_finalize(pod);
+		return snd_card_register(line6->card);
 	}
 
 	/* init device and delay registering */
-	podhd_startup(pod);
+	schedule_delayed_work(&line6->startup_work,
+			      msecs_to_jiffies(PODHD_STARTUP_DELAY));
 	return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/sound/usb/line6/toneport.c b/sound/usb/line6/toneport.c
index 974ab3e..d0a555d 100644
--- a/sound/usb/line6/toneport.c
+++ b/sound/usb/line6/toneport.c
@@ -57,6 +57,8 @@ struct usb_line6_toneport {
 	struct toneport_led leds[2];
 };
 
+#define line6_to_toneport(x) container_of(x, struct usb_line6_toneport, line6)
+
 static int toneport_send_cmd(struct usb_device *usbdev, int cmd1, int cmd2);
 
 #define TONEPORT_PCM_DELAY 1
@@ -207,8 +209,8 @@ static int snd_toneport_source_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 				   struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
 {
 	struct snd_line6_pcm *line6pcm = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
-	struct usb_line6_toneport *toneport =
-	    (struct usb_line6_toneport *)line6pcm->line6;
+	struct usb_line6_toneport *toneport = line6_to_toneport(line6pcm->line6);
+
 	ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0] = toneport->source;
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -218,8 +220,7 @@ static int snd_toneport_source_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol,
 				   struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
 {
 	struct snd_line6_pcm *line6pcm = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
-	struct usb_line6_toneport *toneport =
-	    (struct usb_line6_toneport *)line6pcm->line6;
+	struct usb_line6_toneport *toneport = line6_to_toneport(line6pcm->line6);
 	unsigned int source;
 
 	source = ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0];
@@ -393,8 +394,7 @@ static int toneport_setup(struct usb_line6_toneport *toneport)
 */
 static void line6_toneport_disconnect(struct usb_line6 *line6)
 {
-	struct usb_line6_toneport *toneport =
-		(struct usb_line6_toneport *)line6;
+	struct usb_line6_toneport *toneport = line6_to_toneport(line6);
 
 	if (toneport_has_led(toneport))
 		toneport_remove_leds(toneport);
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ static int toneport_init(struct usb_line6 *line6,
 			 const struct usb_device_id *id)
 {
 	int err;
-	struct usb_line6_toneport *toneport =  (struct usb_line6_toneport *) line6;
+	struct usb_line6_toneport *toneport = line6_to_toneport(line6);
 
 	toneport->type = id->driver_info;
 
diff --git a/sound/usb/line6/variax.c b/sound/usb/line6/variax.c
index e59b974..0d24c72c 100644
--- a/sound/usb/line6/variax.c
+++ b/sound/usb/line6/variax.c
@@ -22,13 +22,9 @@
 	Stages of Variax startup procedure
 */
 enum {
-	VARIAX_STARTUP_INIT = 1,
 	VARIAX_STARTUP_VERSIONREQ,
-	VARIAX_STARTUP_WAIT,
 	VARIAX_STARTUP_ACTIVATE,
-	VARIAX_STARTUP_WORKQUEUE,
 	VARIAX_STARTUP_SETUP,
-	VARIAX_STARTUP_LAST = VARIAX_STARTUP_SETUP - 1
 };
 
 enum {
@@ -43,17 +39,12 @@ struct usb_line6_variax {
 	/* Buffer for activation code */
 	unsigned char *buffer_activate;
 
-	/* Handler for device initialization */
-	struct work_struct startup_work;
-
-	/* Timers for device initialization */
-	struct timer_list startup_timer1;
-	struct timer_list startup_timer2;
-
 	/* Current progress in startup procedure */
 	int startup_progress;
 };
 
+#define line6_to_variax(x)	container_of(x, struct usb_line6_variax, line6)
+
 #define VARIAX_OFFSET_ACTIVATE 7
 
 /*
@@ -77,11 +68,6 @@ static const char variax_activate[] = {
 	0xf7
 };
 
-/* forward declarations: */
-static void variax_startup2(struct timer_list *t);
-static void variax_startup4(struct timer_list *t);
-static void variax_startup5(struct timer_list *t);
-
 static void variax_activate_async(struct usb_line6_variax *variax, int a)
 {
 	variax->buffer_activate[VARIAX_OFFSET_ACTIVATE] = a;
@@ -96,74 +82,30 @@ static void variax_activate_async(struct usb_line6_variax *variax, int a)
 	context). After the last one has finished, the device is ready to use.
 */
 
-static void variax_startup1(struct usb_line6_variax *variax)
+static void variax_startup(struct usb_line6 *line6)
 {
-	CHECK_STARTUP_PROGRESS(variax->startup_progress, VARIAX_STARTUP_INIT);
+	struct usb_line6_variax *variax = line6_to_variax(line6);
 
-	/* delay startup procedure: */
-	line6_start_timer(&variax->startup_timer1, VARIAX_STARTUP_DELAY1,
-			  variax_startup2);
-}
-
-static void variax_startup2(struct timer_list *t)
-{
-	struct usb_line6_variax *variax = from_timer(variax, t, startup_timer1);
-	struct usb_line6 *line6 = &variax->line6;
-
-	/* schedule another startup procedure until startup is complete: */
-	if (variax->startup_progress >= VARIAX_STARTUP_LAST)
-		return;
-
-	variax->startup_progress = VARIAX_STARTUP_VERSIONREQ;
-	line6_start_timer(&variax->startup_timer1, VARIAX_STARTUP_DELAY1,
-			  variax_startup2);
-
-	/* request firmware version: */
-	line6_version_request_async(line6);
-}
-
-static void variax_startup3(struct usb_line6_variax *variax)
-{
-	CHECK_STARTUP_PROGRESS(variax->startup_progress, VARIAX_STARTUP_WAIT);
-
-	/* delay startup procedure: */
-	line6_start_timer(&variax->startup_timer2, VARIAX_STARTUP_DELAY3,
-			  variax_startup4);
-}
-
-static void variax_startup4(struct timer_list *t)
-{
-	struct usb_line6_variax *variax = from_timer(variax, t, startup_timer2);
-
-	CHECK_STARTUP_PROGRESS(variax->startup_progress,
-			       VARIAX_STARTUP_ACTIVATE);
-
-	/* activate device: */
-	variax_activate_async(variax, 1);
-	line6_start_timer(&variax->startup_timer2, VARIAX_STARTUP_DELAY4,
-			  variax_startup5);
-}
-
-static void variax_startup5(struct timer_list *t)
-{
-	struct usb_line6_variax *variax = from_timer(variax, t, startup_timer2);
-
-	CHECK_STARTUP_PROGRESS(variax->startup_progress,
-			       VARIAX_STARTUP_WORKQUEUE);
-
-	/* schedule work for global work queue: */
-	schedule_work(&variax->startup_work);
-}
-
-static void variax_startup6(struct work_struct *work)
-{
-	struct usb_line6_variax *variax =
-	    container_of(work, struct usb_line6_variax, startup_work);
-
-	CHECK_STARTUP_PROGRESS(variax->startup_progress, VARIAX_STARTUP_SETUP);
-
-	/* ALSA audio interface: */
-	snd_card_register(variax->line6.card);
+	switch (variax->startup_progress) {
+	case VARIAX_STARTUP_VERSIONREQ:
+		/* repeat request until getting the response */
+		schedule_delayed_work(&line6->startup_work,
+				      msecs_to_jiffies(VARIAX_STARTUP_DELAY1));
+		/* request firmware version: */
+		line6_version_request_async(line6);
+		break;
+	case VARIAX_STARTUP_ACTIVATE:
+		/* activate device: */
+		variax_activate_async(variax, 1);
+		variax->startup_progress = VARIAX_STARTUP_SETUP;
+		schedule_delayed_work(&line6->startup_work,
+				      msecs_to_jiffies(VARIAX_STARTUP_DELAY4));
+		break;
+	case VARIAX_STARTUP_SETUP:
+		/* ALSA audio interface: */
+		snd_card_register(variax->line6.card);
+		break;
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -171,7 +113,7 @@ static void variax_startup6(struct work_struct *work)
 */
 static void line6_variax_process_message(struct usb_line6 *line6)
 {
-	struct usb_line6_variax *variax = (struct usb_line6_variax *) line6;
+	struct usb_line6_variax *variax = line6_to_variax(line6);
 	const unsigned char *buf = variax->line6.buffer_message;
 
 	switch (buf[0]) {
@@ -182,11 +124,19 @@ static void line6_variax_process_message(struct usb_line6 *line6)
 	case LINE6_SYSEX_BEGIN:
 		if (memcmp(buf + 1, variax_init_version + 1,
 			   sizeof(variax_init_version) - 1) == 0) {
-			variax_startup3(variax);
+			if (variax->startup_progress >= VARIAX_STARTUP_ACTIVATE)
+				break;
+			variax->startup_progress = VARIAX_STARTUP_ACTIVATE;
+			cancel_delayed_work(&line6->startup_work);
+			schedule_delayed_work(&line6->startup_work,
+					      msecs_to_jiffies(VARIAX_STARTUP_DELAY3));
 		} else if (memcmp(buf + 1, variax_init_done + 1,
 				  sizeof(variax_init_done) - 1) == 0) {
 			/* notify of complete initialization: */
-			variax_startup4(&variax->startup_timer2);
+			if (variax->startup_progress >= VARIAX_STARTUP_SETUP)
+				break;
+			cancel_delayed_work(&line6->startup_work);
+			schedule_delayed_work(&line6->startup_work, 0);
 		}
 		break;
 	}
@@ -197,11 +147,7 @@ static void line6_variax_process_message(struct usb_line6 *line6)
 */
 static void line6_variax_disconnect(struct usb_line6 *line6)
 {
-	struct usb_line6_variax *variax = (struct usb_line6_variax *)line6;
-
-	del_timer(&variax->startup_timer1);
-	del_timer(&variax->startup_timer2);
-	cancel_work_sync(&variax->startup_work);
+	struct usb_line6_variax *variax = line6_to_variax(line6);
 
 	kfree(variax->buffer_activate);
 }
@@ -212,15 +158,12 @@ static void line6_variax_disconnect(struct usb_line6 *line6)
 static int variax_init(struct usb_line6 *line6,
 		       const struct usb_device_id *id)
 {
-	struct usb_line6_variax *variax = (struct usb_line6_variax *) line6;
+	struct usb_line6_variax *variax = line6_to_variax(line6);
 	int err;
 
 	line6->process_message = line6_variax_process_message;
 	line6->disconnect = line6_variax_disconnect;
-
-	timer_setup(&variax->startup_timer1, NULL, 0);
-	timer_setup(&variax->startup_timer2, NULL, 0);
-	INIT_WORK(&variax->startup_work, variax_startup6);
+	line6->startup = variax_startup;
 
 	/* initialize USB buffers: */
 	variax->buffer_activate = kmemdup(variax_activate,
@@ -235,7 +178,8 @@ static int variax_init(struct usb_line6 *line6,
 		return err;
 
 	/* initiate startup procedure: */
-	variax_startup1(variax);
+	schedule_delayed_work(&line6->startup_work,
+			      msecs_to_jiffies(VARIAX_STARTUP_DELAY1));
 	return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/sound/usb/mixer.c b/sound/usb/mixer.c
index c703f85..7498b51 100644
--- a/sound/usb/mixer.c
+++ b/sound/usb/mixer.c
@@ -2303,7 +2303,7 @@ static struct procunit_info extunits[] = {
  */
 static int build_audio_procunit(struct mixer_build *state, int unitid,
 				void *raw_desc, struct procunit_info *list,
-				char *name)
+				bool extension_unit)
 {
 	struct uac_processing_unit_descriptor *desc = raw_desc;
 	int num_ins;
@@ -2320,6 +2320,8 @@ static int build_audio_procunit(struct mixer_build *state, int unitid,
 	static struct procunit_info default_info = {
 		0, NULL, default_value_info
 	};
+	const char *name = extension_unit ?
+		"Extension Unit" : "Processing Unit";
 
 	if (desc->bLength < 13) {
 		usb_audio_err(state->chip, "invalid %s descriptor (id %d)\n", name, unitid);
@@ -2433,7 +2435,10 @@ static int build_audio_procunit(struct mixer_build *state, int unitid,
 		} else if (info->name) {
 			strlcpy(kctl->id.name, info->name, sizeof(kctl->id.name));
 		} else {
-			nameid = uac_processing_unit_iProcessing(desc, state->mixer->protocol);
+			if (extension_unit)
+				nameid = uac_extension_unit_iExtension(desc, state->mixer->protocol);
+			else
+				nameid = uac_processing_unit_iProcessing(desc, state->mixer->protocol);
 			len = 0;
 			if (nameid)
 				len = snd_usb_copy_string_desc(state->chip,
@@ -2466,10 +2471,10 @@ static int parse_audio_processing_unit(struct mixer_build *state, int unitid,
 	case UAC_VERSION_2:
 	default:
 		return build_audio_procunit(state, unitid, raw_desc,
-				procunits, "Processing Unit");
+					    procunits, false);
 	case UAC_VERSION_3:
 		return build_audio_procunit(state, unitid, raw_desc,
-				uac3_procunits, "Processing Unit");
+					    uac3_procunits, false);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -2480,8 +2485,7 @@ static int parse_audio_extension_unit(struct mixer_build *state, int unitid,
 	 * Note that we parse extension units with processing unit descriptors.
 	 * That's ok as the layout is the same.
 	 */
-	return build_audio_procunit(state, unitid, raw_desc,
-				    extunits, "Extension Unit");
+	return build_audio_procunit(state, unitid, raw_desc, extunits, true);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/sound/usb/mixer_quirks.c b/sound/usb/mixer_quirks.c
index 1f6011f..199fa15 100644
--- a/sound/usb/mixer_quirks.c
+++ b/sound/usb/mixer_quirks.c
@@ -741,7 +741,7 @@ static int snd_ni_control_init_val(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer,
 		return err;
 	}
 
-	kctl->private_value |= (value << 24);
+	kctl->private_value |= ((unsigned int)value << 24);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -902,7 +902,7 @@ static int snd_ftu_eff_switch_init(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer,
 	if (err < 0)
 		return err;
 
-	kctl->private_value |= value[0] << 24;
+	kctl->private_value |= (unsigned int)value[0] << 24;
 	return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/sound/usb/quirks-table.h b/sound/usb/quirks-table.h
index 9e049f6..e918ce3 100644
--- a/sound/usb/quirks-table.h
+++ b/sound/usb/quirks-table.h
@@ -2408,7 +2408,7 @@ YAMAHA_DEVICE(0x7010, "UB99"),
 	USB_DEVICE(0x086a, 0x0001),
 	.driver_info = (unsigned long) & (const struct snd_usb_audio_quirk) {
 		.vendor_name = "Emagic",
-		/* .product_name = "Unitor8", */
+		.product_name = "Unitor8",
 		.ifnum = 2,
 		.type = QUIRK_MIDI_EMAGIC,
 		.data = & (const struct snd_usb_midi_endpoint_info) {
diff --git a/sound/usb/quirks.c b/sound/usb/quirks.c
index cf5cff1..7885891 100644
--- a/sound/usb/quirks.c
+++ b/sound/usb/quirks.c
@@ -828,11 +828,13 @@ static int snd_usb_novation_boot_quirk(struct usb_device *dev)
 static int snd_usb_accessmusic_boot_quirk(struct usb_device *dev)
 {
 	int err, actual_length;
-
 	/* "midi send" enable */
 	static const u8 seq[] = { 0x4e, 0x73, 0x52, 0x01 };
+	void *buf;
 
-	void *buf = kmemdup(seq, ARRAY_SIZE(seq), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (snd_usb_pipe_sanity_check(dev, usb_sndintpipe(dev, 0x05)))
+		return -EINVAL;
+	buf = kmemdup(seq, ARRAY_SIZE(seq), GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!buf)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	err = usb_interrupt_msg(dev, usb_sndintpipe(dev, 0x05), buf,
@@ -857,7 +859,11 @@ static int snd_usb_accessmusic_boot_quirk(struct usb_device *dev)
 
 static int snd_usb_nativeinstruments_boot_quirk(struct usb_device *dev)
 {
-	int ret = usb_control_msg(dev, usb_sndctrlpipe(dev, 0),
+	int ret;
+
+	if (snd_usb_pipe_sanity_check(dev, usb_sndctrlpipe(dev, 0)))
+		return -EINVAL;
+	ret = usb_control_msg(dev, usb_sndctrlpipe(dev, 0),
 				  0xaf, USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_DEVICE,
 				  1, 0, NULL, 0, 1000);
 
@@ -964,6 +970,8 @@ static int snd_usb_axefx3_boot_quirk(struct usb_device *dev)
 
 	dev_dbg(&dev->dev, "Waiting for Axe-Fx III to boot up...\n");
 
+	if (snd_usb_pipe_sanity_check(dev, usb_sndctrlpipe(dev, 0)))
+		return -EINVAL;
 	/* If the Axe-Fx III has not fully booted, it will timeout when trying
 	 * to enable the audio streaming interface. A more generous timeout is
 	 * used here to detect when the Axe-Fx III has finished booting as the
@@ -996,6 +1004,8 @@ static int snd_usb_motu_microbookii_communicate(struct usb_device *dev, u8 *buf,
 {
 	int err, actual_length;
 
+	if (snd_usb_pipe_sanity_check(dev, usb_sndintpipe(dev, 0x01)))
+		return -EINVAL;
 	err = usb_interrupt_msg(dev, usb_sndintpipe(dev, 0x01), buf, *length,
 				&actual_length, 1000);
 	if (err < 0)
@@ -1006,6 +1016,8 @@ static int snd_usb_motu_microbookii_communicate(struct usb_device *dev, u8 *buf,
 
 	memset(buf, 0, buf_size);
 
+	if (snd_usb_pipe_sanity_check(dev, usb_rcvintpipe(dev, 0x82)))
+		return -EINVAL;
 	err = usb_interrupt_msg(dev, usb_rcvintpipe(dev, 0x82), buf, buf_size,
 				&actual_length, 1000);
 	if (err < 0)
diff --git a/sound/xen/xen_snd_front_alsa.c b/sound/xen/xen_snd_front_alsa.c
index b14ab51..e016319 100644
--- a/sound/xen/xen_snd_front_alsa.c
+++ b/sound/xen/xen_snd_front_alsa.c
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ static u64 to_sndif_formats_mask(u64 alsa_formats)
 	mask = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(ALSA_SNDIF_FORMATS); i++)
 		if (pcm_format_to_bits(ALSA_SNDIF_FORMATS[i].alsa) & alsa_formats)
-			mask |= 1 << ALSA_SNDIF_FORMATS[i].sndif;
+			mask |= BIT_ULL(ALSA_SNDIF_FORMATS[i].sndif);
 
 	return mask;
 }
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ static u64 to_alsa_formats_mask(u64 sndif_formats)
 
 	mask = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(ALSA_SNDIF_FORMATS); i++)
-		if (1 << ALSA_SNDIF_FORMATS[i].sndif & sndif_formats)
+		if (BIT_ULL(ALSA_SNDIF_FORMATS[i].sndif) & sndif_formats)
 			mask |= pcm_format_to_bits(ALSA_SNDIF_FORMATS[i].alsa);
 
 	return mask;