direct-io: Implement generic deferred AIO completions

Add support to the core direct-io code to defer AIO completions to user
context using a workqueue.  This replaces opencoded and less efficient
code in XFS and ext4 (we save a memory allocation for each direct IO)
and will be needed to properly support O_(D)SYNC for AIO.

The communication between the filesystem and the direct I/O code requires
a new buffer head flag, which is a bit ugly but not avoidable until the
direct I/O code stops abusing the buffer_head structure for communicating
with the filesystems.

Currently this creates a per-superblock unbound workqueue for these
completions, which is taken from an earlier patch by Jan Kara.  I'm
not really convinced about this use and would prefer a "normal" global
workqueue with a high concurrency limit, but this needs further discussion.

JK: Fixed ext4 part, dynamic allocation of the workqueue.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
diff --git a/include/linux/buffer_head.h b/include/linux/buffer_head.h
index 91fa9a9..d77797a 100644
--- a/include/linux/buffer_head.h
+++ b/include/linux/buffer_head.h
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 	BH_Quiet,	/* Buffer Error Prinks to be quiet */
 	BH_Meta,	/* Buffer contains metadata */
 	BH_Prio,	/* Buffer should be submitted with REQ_PRIO */
+	BH_Defer_Completion, /* Defer AIO completion to workqueue */
 
 	BH_PrivateStart,/* not a state bit, but the first bit available
 			 * for private allocation by other entities
@@ -128,6 +129,7 @@
 BUFFER_FNS(Unwritten, unwritten)
 BUFFER_FNS(Meta, meta)
 BUFFER_FNS(Prio, prio)
+BUFFER_FNS(Defer_Completion, defer_completion)
 
 #define bh_offset(bh)		((unsigned long)(bh)->b_data & ~PAGE_MASK)