diff --git a/drivers/bluetooth/hci_ldisc.c b/drivers/bluetooth/hci_ldisc.c
index e5cd856..69df187 100644
--- a/drivers/bluetooth/hci_ldisc.c
+++ b/drivers/bluetooth/hci_ldisc.c
@@ -282,8 +282,8 @@
 	/* FIXME: why is this needed. Note don't use ldisc_ref here as the
 	   open path is before the ldisc is referencable */
 
-	if (tty->ldisc.flush_buffer)
-		tty->ldisc.flush_buffer(tty);
+	if (tty->ldisc.ops->flush_buffer)
+		tty->ldisc.ops->flush_buffer(tty);
 	tty_driver_flush_buffer(tty);
 
 	return 0;
@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@
 
 static int __init hci_uart_init(void)
 {
-	static struct tty_ldisc hci_uart_ldisc;
+	static struct tty_ldisc_ops hci_uart_ldisc;
 	int err;
 
 	BT_INFO("HCI UART driver ver %s", VERSION);
diff --git a/drivers/char/cyclades.c b/drivers/char/cyclades.c
index 6bff9d8..a957dbc 100644
--- a/drivers/char/cyclades.c
+++ b/drivers/char/cyclades.c
@@ -5246,7 +5246,8 @@
 					HZ, info->idle_stats.recv_bytes,
 					(cur_jifs - info->idle_stats.recv_idle)/
 					HZ, info->idle_stats.overruns,
-					(long)info->tty->ldisc.num);
+					/* FIXME: double check locking */
+					(long)info->tty->ldisc.ops->num);
 			else
 				size = sprintf(buf + len, "%3d %8lu %10lu %8lu "
 					"%10lu %8lu %9lu %6ld\n",
diff --git a/drivers/char/epca.c b/drivers/char/epca.c
index 60a4df7..aa8e19f 100644
--- a/drivers/char/epca.c
+++ b/drivers/char/epca.c
@@ -2262,8 +2262,8 @@
 			tty_wait_until_sent(tty, 0);
 		} else {
 			/* ldisc lock already held in ioctl */
-			if (tty->ldisc.flush_buffer)
-				tty->ldisc.flush_buffer(tty);
+			if (tty->ldisc.ops->flush_buffer)
+				tty->ldisc.ops->flush_buffer(tty);
 		}
 		unlock_kernel();
 		/* Fall Thru */
diff --git a/drivers/char/ip2/i2lib.c b/drivers/char/ip2/i2lib.c
index 938879c..0061e18 100644
--- a/drivers/char/ip2/i2lib.c
+++ b/drivers/char/ip2/i2lib.c
@@ -868,11 +868,11 @@
 		amountToMove = count;
 	}
 	// Move the first block
-	pCh->pTTY->ldisc.receive_buf( pCh->pTTY, 
+	pCh->pTTY->ldisc.ops->receive_buf( pCh->pTTY,
 		 &(pCh->Ibuf[stripIndex]), NULL, amountToMove );
 	// If we needed to wrap, do the second data move
 	if (count > amountToMove) {
-		pCh->pTTY->ldisc.receive_buf( pCh->pTTY, 
+		pCh->pTTY->ldisc.ops->receive_buf( pCh->pTTY,
 		 pCh->Ibuf, NULL, count - amountToMove );
 	}
 	// Bump and wrap the stripIndex all at once by the amount of data read. This
diff --git a/drivers/char/ip2/ip2main.c b/drivers/char/ip2/ip2main.c
index 9a2394c..5dc7440 100644
--- a/drivers/char/ip2/ip2main.c
+++ b/drivers/char/ip2/ip2main.c
@@ -1289,11 +1289,12 @@
 // code duplicated from n_tty (ldisc)
 static inline void  isig(int sig, struct tty_struct *tty, int flush)
 {
+	/* FIXME: This is completely bogus */
 	if (tty->pgrp)
 		kill_pgrp(tty->pgrp, sig, 1);
 	if (flush || !L_NOFLSH(tty)) {
-		if ( tty->ldisc.flush_buffer )  
-			tty->ldisc.flush_buffer(tty);
+		if ( tty->ldisc.ops->flush_buffer )  
+			tty->ldisc.ops->flush_buffer(tty);
 		i2InputFlush( tty->driver_data );
 	}
 }
@@ -1342,7 +1343,7 @@
 		}
 		tmp = pCh->pTTY->real_raw;
 		pCh->pTTY->real_raw = 0;
-		pCh->pTTY->ldisc.receive_buf( pCh->pTTY, &brkc, &brkf, 1 );
+		pCh->pTTY->ldisc->ops.receive_buf( pCh->pTTY, &brkc, &brkf, 1 );
 		pCh->pTTY->real_raw = tmp;
 	}
 #endif /* NEVER_HAPPENS_AS_SETUP_XXX */
diff --git a/drivers/char/n_hdlc.c b/drivers/char/n_hdlc.c
index a35bfd7..ed4e033 100644
--- a/drivers/char/n_hdlc.c
+++ b/drivers/char/n_hdlc.c
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@
 #define tty2n_hdlc(tty)	((struct n_hdlc *) ((tty)->disc_data))
 #define n_hdlc2tty(n_hdlc)	((n_hdlc)->tty)
 
-static struct tty_ldisc n_hdlc_ldisc = {
+static struct tty_ldisc_ops n_hdlc_ldisc = {
 	.owner		= THIS_MODULE,
 	.magic		= TTY_LDISC_MAGIC,
 	.name		= "hdlc",
@@ -342,8 +342,8 @@
 #endif
 	
 	/* Flush any pending characters in the driver and discipline. */
-	if (tty->ldisc.flush_buffer)
-		tty->ldisc.flush_buffer(tty);
+	if (tty->ldisc.ops->flush_buffer)
+		tty->ldisc.ops->flush_buffer(tty);
 
 	tty_driver_flush_buffer(tty);
 		
diff --git a/drivers/char/n_r3964.c b/drivers/char/n_r3964.c
index 9021690..ae377aa4 100644
--- a/drivers/char/n_r3964.c
+++ b/drivers/char/n_r3964.c
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@
 static void r3964_receive_buf(struct tty_struct *tty, const unsigned char *cp,
 		char *fp, int count);
 
-static struct tty_ldisc tty_ldisc_N_R3964 = {
+static struct tty_ldisc_ops tty_ldisc_N_R3964 = {
 	.owner = THIS_MODULE,
 	.magic = TTY_LDISC_MAGIC,
 	.name = "R3964",
diff --git a/drivers/char/n_tty.c b/drivers/char/n_tty.c
index 8096389..708c2b1 100644
--- a/drivers/char/n_tty.c
+++ b/drivers/char/n_tty.c
@@ -1573,7 +1573,7 @@
 	return mask;
 }
 
-struct tty_ldisc tty_ldisc_N_TTY = {
+struct tty_ldisc_ops tty_ldisc_N_TTY = {
 	.magic           = TTY_LDISC_MAGIC,
 	.name            = "n_tty",
 	.open            = n_tty_open,
diff --git a/drivers/char/pcmcia/synclink_cs.c b/drivers/char/pcmcia/synclink_cs.c
index 1dd0e99..95743e2 100644
--- a/drivers/char/pcmcia/synclink_cs.c
+++ b/drivers/char/pcmcia/synclink_cs.c
@@ -514,8 +514,8 @@
 		return;
 	ld = tty_ldisc_ref(tty);
 	if (ld) {
-		if (ld->receive_buf)
-			ld->receive_buf(tty, data, flags, count);
+		if (ld->ops->receive_buf)
+			ld->ops->receive_buf(tty, data, flags, count);
 		tty_ldisc_deref(ld);
 	}
 }
diff --git a/drivers/char/pty.c b/drivers/char/pty.c
index 0a05c03..76b2793 100644
--- a/drivers/char/pty.c
+++ b/drivers/char/pty.c
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
 	c = to->receive_room;
 	if (c > count)
 		c = count;
-	to->ldisc.receive_buf(to, buf, NULL, c);
+	to->ldisc.ops->receive_buf(to, buf, NULL, c);
 	
 	return c;
 }
@@ -149,11 +149,11 @@
 	int count;
 
 	/* We should get the line discipline lock for "tty->link" */
-	if (!to || !to->ldisc.chars_in_buffer)
+	if (!to || !to->ldisc.ops->chars_in_buffer)
 		return 0;
 
 	/* The ldisc must report 0 if no characters available to be read */
-	count = to->ldisc.chars_in_buffer(to);
+	count = to->ldisc.ops->chars_in_buffer(to);
 
 	if (tty->driver->subtype == PTY_TYPE_SLAVE) return count;
 
@@ -186,8 +186,8 @@
 	if (!to)
 		return;
 	
-	if (to->ldisc.flush_buffer)
-		to->ldisc.flush_buffer(to);
+	if (to->ldisc.ops->flush_buffer)
+		to->ldisc.ops->flush_buffer(to);
 	
 	if (to->packet) {
 		spin_lock_irqsave(&tty->ctrl_lock, flags);
diff --git a/drivers/char/selection.c b/drivers/char/selection.c
index d63f5cc..2978a49 100644
--- a/drivers/char/selection.c
+++ b/drivers/char/selection.c
@@ -327,7 +327,8 @@
 		}
 		count = sel_buffer_lth - pasted;
 		count = min(count, tty->receive_room);
-		tty->ldisc.receive_buf(tty, sel_buffer + pasted, NULL, count);
+		tty->ldisc.ops->receive_buf(tty, sel_buffer + pasted,
+								NULL, count);
 		pasted += count;
 	}
 	remove_wait_queue(&vc->paste_wait, &wait);
diff --git a/drivers/char/synclink.c b/drivers/char/synclink.c
index ac5080d..5e4b2e6 100644
--- a/drivers/char/synclink.c
+++ b/drivers/char/synclink.c
@@ -975,8 +975,8 @@
 		return;
 	ld = tty_ldisc_ref(tty);
 	if (ld) {
-		if (ld->receive_buf)
-			ld->receive_buf(tty, data, flags, count);
+		if (ld->ops->receive_buf)
+			ld->ops->receive_buf(tty, data, flags, count);
 		tty_ldisc_deref(ld);
 	}
 }
diff --git a/drivers/char/synclink_gt.c b/drivers/char/synclink_gt.c
index 55c1653..e473778 100644
--- a/drivers/char/synclink_gt.c
+++ b/drivers/char/synclink_gt.c
@@ -641,8 +641,8 @@
 		return;
 	ld = tty_ldisc_ref(tty);
 	if (ld) {
-		if (ld->receive_buf)
-			ld->receive_buf(tty, data, flags, count);
+		if (ld->ops->receive_buf)
+			ld->ops->receive_buf(tty, data, flags, count);
 		tty_ldisc_deref(ld);
 	}
 }
diff --git a/drivers/char/synclinkmp.c b/drivers/char/synclinkmp.c
index bec54866..5341b5a 100644
--- a/drivers/char/synclinkmp.c
+++ b/drivers/char/synclinkmp.c
@@ -712,8 +712,8 @@
 		return;
 	ld = tty_ldisc_ref(tty);
 	if (ld) {
-		if (ld->receive_buf)
-			ld->receive_buf(tty, data, flags, count);
+		if (ld->ops->receive_buf)
+			ld->ops->receive_buf(tty, data, flags, count);
 		tty_ldisc_deref(ld);
 	}
 }
diff --git a/drivers/char/tty_io.c b/drivers/char/tty_io.c
index 047a173..54c4ada 100644
--- a/drivers/char/tty_io.c
+++ b/drivers/char/tty_io.c
@@ -95,8 +95,9 @@
 #include <linux/wait.h>
 #include <linux/bitops.h>
 #include <linux/delay.h>
+#include <linux/seq_file.h>
 
-#include <asm/uaccess.h>
+#include <linux/uaccess.h>
 #include <asm/system.h>
 
 #include <linux/kbd_kern.h>
@@ -682,7 +683,7 @@
 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(tty_ldisc_lock);
 static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(tty_ldisc_wait);
 /* Line disc dispatch table */
-static struct tty_ldisc tty_ldiscs[NR_LDISCS];
+static struct tty_ldisc_ops *tty_ldiscs[NR_LDISCS];
 
 /**
  *	tty_register_ldisc	-	install a line discipline
@@ -697,7 +698,7 @@
  *		takes tty_ldisc_lock to guard against ldisc races
  */
 
-int tty_register_ldisc(int disc, struct tty_ldisc *new_ldisc)
+int tty_register_ldisc(int disc, struct tty_ldisc_ops *new_ldisc)
 {
 	unsigned long flags;
 	int ret = 0;
@@ -706,10 +707,9 @@
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	spin_lock_irqsave(&tty_ldisc_lock, flags);
-	tty_ldiscs[disc] = *new_ldisc;
-	tty_ldiscs[disc].num = disc;
-	tty_ldiscs[disc].flags |= LDISC_FLAG_DEFINED;
-	tty_ldiscs[disc].refcount = 0;
+	tty_ldiscs[disc] = new_ldisc;
+	new_ldisc->num = disc;
+	new_ldisc->refcount = 0;
 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&tty_ldisc_lock, flags);
 
 	return ret;
@@ -737,19 +737,56 @@
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	spin_lock_irqsave(&tty_ldisc_lock, flags);
-	if (tty_ldiscs[disc].refcount)
+	if (tty_ldiscs[disc]->refcount)
 		ret = -EBUSY;
 	else
-		tty_ldiscs[disc].flags &= ~LDISC_FLAG_DEFINED;
+		tty_ldiscs[disc] = NULL;
 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&tty_ldisc_lock, flags);
 
 	return ret;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(tty_unregister_ldisc);
 
+
+/**
+ *	tty_ldisc_try_get	-	try and reference an ldisc
+ *	@disc: ldisc number
+ *	@ld: tty ldisc structure to complete
+ *
+ *	Attempt to open and lock a line discipline into place. Return
+ *	the line discipline refcounted and assigned in ld. On an error
+ *	report the error code back
+ */
+
+static int tty_ldisc_try_get(int disc, struct tty_ldisc *ld)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+	struct tty_ldisc_ops *ldops;
+	int err = -EINVAL;
+	
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&tty_ldisc_lock, flags);
+	ld->ops = NULL;
+	ldops = tty_ldiscs[disc];
+	/* Check the entry is defined */
+	if (ldops) {
+		/* If the module is being unloaded we can't use it */
+		if (!try_module_get(ldops->owner))
+			err = -EAGAIN;
+		else {
+			/* lock it */
+			ldops->refcount++;
+			ld->ops = ldops;
+			err = 0;
+		}
+	}
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&tty_ldisc_lock, flags);
+	return err;
+}
+
 /**
  *	tty_ldisc_get		-	take a reference to an ldisc
  *	@disc: ldisc number
+ *	@ld: tty line discipline structure to use
  *
  *	Takes a reference to a line discipline. Deals with refcounts and
  *	module locking counts. Returns NULL if the discipline is not available.
@@ -760,32 +797,20 @@
  *		takes tty_ldisc_lock to guard against ldisc races
  */
 
-struct tty_ldisc *tty_ldisc_get(int disc)
+static int tty_ldisc_get(int disc, struct tty_ldisc *ld)
 {
-	unsigned long flags;
-	struct tty_ldisc *ld;
+	int err;
 
 	if (disc < N_TTY || disc >= NR_LDISCS)
-		return NULL;
-
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&tty_ldisc_lock, flags);
-
-	ld = &tty_ldiscs[disc];
-	/* Check the entry is defined */
-	if (ld->flags & LDISC_FLAG_DEFINED) {
-		/* If the module is being unloaded we can't use it */
-		if (!try_module_get(ld->owner))
-			ld = NULL;
-		else /* lock it */
-			ld->refcount++;
-	} else
-		ld = NULL;
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&tty_ldisc_lock, flags);
-	return ld;
+		return -EINVAL;
+	err = tty_ldisc_try_get(disc, ld);
+	if (err == -EAGAIN) {
+		request_module("tty-ldisc-%d", disc);
+		err = tty_ldisc_try_get(disc, ld);
+	}
+	return err;
 }
 
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tty_ldisc_get);
-
 /**
  *	tty_ldisc_put		-	drop ldisc reference
  *	@disc: ldisc number
@@ -797,22 +822,67 @@
  *		takes tty_ldisc_lock to guard against ldisc races
  */
 
-void tty_ldisc_put(int disc)
+static void tty_ldisc_put(struct tty_ldisc_ops *ld)
 {
-	struct tty_ldisc *ld;
 	unsigned long flags;
+	int disc = ld->num;
 
 	BUG_ON(disc < N_TTY || disc >= NR_LDISCS);
 
 	spin_lock_irqsave(&tty_ldisc_lock, flags);
-	ld = &tty_ldiscs[disc];
+	ld = tty_ldiscs[disc];
 	BUG_ON(ld->refcount == 0);
 	ld->refcount--;
 	module_put(ld->owner);
 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&tty_ldisc_lock, flags);
 }
 
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tty_ldisc_put);
+static void * tty_ldiscs_seq_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos)
+{
+	return (*pos < NR_LDISCS) ? pos : NULL;
+}
+
+static void * tty_ldiscs_seq_next(struct seq_file *m, void *v, loff_t *pos)
+{
+	(*pos)++;
+	return (*pos < NR_LDISCS) ? pos : NULL;
+}
+
+static void tty_ldiscs_seq_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
+{
+}
+
+static int tty_ldiscs_seq_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
+{
+	int i = *(loff_t *)v;
+	struct tty_ldisc ld;
+	
+	if (tty_ldisc_get(i, &ld) < 0)
+		return 0;
+	seq_printf(m, "%-10s %2d\n", ld.ops->name ? ld.ops->name : "???", i);
+	tty_ldisc_put(ld.ops);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static const struct seq_operations tty_ldiscs_seq_ops = {
+	.start	= tty_ldiscs_seq_start,
+	.next	= tty_ldiscs_seq_next,
+	.stop	= tty_ldiscs_seq_stop,
+	.show	= tty_ldiscs_seq_show,
+};
+
+static int proc_tty_ldiscs_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+{
+	return seq_open(file, &tty_ldiscs_seq_ops);
+}
+
+const struct file_operations tty_ldiscs_proc_fops = {
+	.owner		= THIS_MODULE,
+	.open		= proc_tty_ldiscs_open,
+	.read		= seq_read,
+	.llseek		= seq_lseek,
+	.release	= seq_release,
+};
 
 /**
  *	tty_ldisc_assign	-	set ldisc on a tty
@@ -829,8 +899,8 @@
 
 static void tty_ldisc_assign(struct tty_struct *tty, struct tty_ldisc *ld)
 {
+	ld->refcount = 0;
 	tty->ldisc = *ld;
-	tty->ldisc.refcount = 0;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -954,6 +1024,41 @@
 }
 
 /**
+ *	tty_ldisc_restore	-	helper for tty ldisc change
+ *	@tty: tty to recover
+ *	@old: previous ldisc
+ *
+ *	Restore the previous line discipline or N_TTY when a line discipline
+ *	change fails due to an open error
+ */
+
+static void tty_ldisc_restore(struct tty_struct *tty, struct tty_ldisc *old)
+{
+	char buf[64];
+	struct tty_ldisc new_ldisc;
+
+	/* There is an outstanding reference here so this is safe */
+	tty_ldisc_get(old->ops->num, old);
+	tty_ldisc_assign(tty, old);
+	tty_set_termios_ldisc(tty, old->ops->num);
+	if (old->ops->open && (old->ops->open(tty) < 0)) {
+		tty_ldisc_put(old->ops);
+		/* This driver is always present */
+		if (tty_ldisc_get(N_TTY, &new_ldisc) < 0)
+			panic("n_tty: get");
+		tty_ldisc_assign(tty, &new_ldisc);
+		tty_set_termios_ldisc(tty, N_TTY);
+		if (new_ldisc.ops->open) {
+			int r = new_ldisc.ops->open(tty);
+				if (r < 0)
+				panic("Couldn't open N_TTY ldisc for "
+				      "%s --- error %d.",
+				      tty_name(tty, buf), r);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/**
  *	tty_set_ldisc		-	set line discipline
  *	@tty: the terminal to set
  *	@ldisc: the line discipline
@@ -967,28 +1072,18 @@
 
 static int tty_set_ldisc(struct tty_struct *tty, int ldisc)
 {
-	int retval = 0;
-	struct tty_ldisc o_ldisc;
-	char buf[64];
+	int retval;
+	struct tty_ldisc o_ldisc, new_ldisc;
 	int work;
 	unsigned long flags;
-	struct tty_ldisc *ld;
 	struct tty_struct *o_tty;
 
-	if ((ldisc < N_TTY) || (ldisc >= NR_LDISCS))
-		return -EINVAL;
-
 restart:
-
-	ld = tty_ldisc_get(ldisc);
-	/* Eduardo Blanco <ejbs@cs.cs.com.uy> */
-	/* Cyrus Durgin <cider@speakeasy.org> */
-	if (ld == NULL) {
-		request_module("tty-ldisc-%d", ldisc);
-		ld = tty_ldisc_get(ldisc);
-	}
-	if (ld == NULL)
-		return -EINVAL;
+	/* This is a bit ugly for now but means we can break the 'ldisc
+	   is part of the tty struct' assumption later */
+	retval = tty_ldisc_get(ldisc, &new_ldisc);
+	if (retval)
+		return retval;
 
 	/*
 	 *	Problem: What do we do if this blocks ?
@@ -996,8 +1091,8 @@
 
 	tty_wait_until_sent(tty, 0);
 
-	if (tty->ldisc.num == ldisc) {
-		tty_ldisc_put(ldisc);
+	if (tty->ldisc.ops->num == ldisc) {
+		tty_ldisc_put(new_ldisc.ops);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -1024,7 +1119,7 @@
 			/* Free the new ldisc we grabbed. Must drop the lock
 			   first. */
 			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&tty_ldisc_lock, flags);
-			tty_ldisc_put(ldisc);
+			tty_ldisc_put(o_ldisc.ops);
 			/*
 			 * There are several reasons we may be busy, including
 			 * random momentary I/O traffic. We must therefore
@@ -1038,7 +1133,7 @@
 		}
 		if (o_tty && o_tty->ldisc.refcount) {
 			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&tty_ldisc_lock, flags);
-			tty_ldisc_put(ldisc);
+			tty_ldisc_put(o_tty->ldisc.ops);
 			if (wait_event_interruptible(tty_ldisc_wait, o_tty->ldisc.refcount == 0) < 0)
 				return -ERESTARTSYS;
 			goto restart;
@@ -1049,8 +1144,9 @@
 	 *	another ldisc change
 	 */
 	if (!test_bit(TTY_LDISC, &tty->flags)) {
+		struct tty_ldisc *ld;
 		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&tty_ldisc_lock, flags);
-		tty_ldisc_put(ldisc);
+		tty_ldisc_put(new_ldisc.ops);
 		ld = tty_ldisc_ref_wait(tty);
 		tty_ldisc_deref(ld);
 		goto restart;
@@ -1060,7 +1156,7 @@
 	if (o_tty)
 		clear_bit(TTY_LDISC, &o_tty->flags);
 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&tty_ldisc_lock, flags);
-
+	
 	/*
 	 *	From this point on we know nobody has an ldisc
 	 *	usage reference, nor can they obtain one until
@@ -1070,45 +1166,30 @@
 	work = cancel_delayed_work(&tty->buf.work);
 	/*
 	 * Wait for ->hangup_work and ->buf.work handlers to terminate
+	 * MUST NOT hold locks here.
 	 */
 	flush_scheduled_work();
 	/* Shutdown the current discipline. */
-	if (tty->ldisc.close)
-		(tty->ldisc.close)(tty);
+	if (o_ldisc.ops->close)
+		(o_ldisc.ops->close)(tty);
 
 	/* Now set up the new line discipline. */
-	tty_ldisc_assign(tty, ld);
+	tty_ldisc_assign(tty, &new_ldisc);
 	tty_set_termios_ldisc(tty, ldisc);
-	if (tty->ldisc.open)
-		retval = (tty->ldisc.open)(tty);
+	if (new_ldisc.ops->open)
+		retval = (new_ldisc.ops->open)(tty);
 	if (retval < 0) {
-		tty_ldisc_put(ldisc);
-		/* There is an outstanding reference here so this is safe */
-		tty_ldisc_assign(tty, tty_ldisc_get(o_ldisc.num));
-		tty_set_termios_ldisc(tty, tty->ldisc.num);
-		if (tty->ldisc.open && (tty->ldisc.open(tty) < 0)) {
-			tty_ldisc_put(o_ldisc.num);
-			/* This driver is always present */
-			tty_ldisc_assign(tty, tty_ldisc_get(N_TTY));
-			tty_set_termios_ldisc(tty, N_TTY);
-			if (tty->ldisc.open) {
-				int r = tty->ldisc.open(tty);
-
-				if (r < 0)
-					panic("Couldn't open N_TTY ldisc for "
-					      "%s --- error %d.",
-					      tty_name(tty, buf), r);
-			}
-		}
+		tty_ldisc_put(new_ldisc.ops);
+		tty_ldisc_restore(tty, &o_ldisc);
 	}
 	/* At this point we hold a reference to the new ldisc and a
 	   a reference to the old ldisc. If we ended up flipping back
 	   to the existing ldisc we have two references to it */
 
-	if (tty->ldisc.num != o_ldisc.num && tty->ops->set_ldisc)
+	if (tty->ldisc.ops->num != o_ldisc.ops->num && tty->ops->set_ldisc)
 		tty->ops->set_ldisc(tty);
 
-	tty_ldisc_put(o_ldisc.num);
+	tty_ldisc_put(o_ldisc.ops);
 
 	/*
 	 *	Allow ldisc referencing to occur as soon as the driver
@@ -1335,8 +1416,8 @@
 	if (test_bit(TTY_DO_WRITE_WAKEUP, &tty->flags)) {
 		ld = tty_ldisc_ref(tty);
 		if (ld) {
-			if (ld->write_wakeup)
-				ld->write_wakeup(tty);
+			if (ld->ops->write_wakeup)
+				ld->ops->write_wakeup(tty);
 			tty_ldisc_deref(ld);
 		}
 	}
@@ -1357,8 +1438,8 @@
 {
 	struct tty_ldisc *ld = tty_ldisc_ref(tty);
 	if (ld) {
-		if (ld->flush_buffer)
-			ld->flush_buffer(tty);
+		if (ld->ops->flush_buffer)
+			ld->ops->flush_buffer(tty);
 		tty_ldisc_deref(ld);
 	}
 	tty_buffer_flush(tty);
@@ -1386,7 +1467,7 @@
  *	do_tty_hangup		-	actual handler for hangup events
  *	@work: tty device
  *
- *	This can be called by the "eventd" kernel thread.  That is process
+k *	This can be called by the "eventd" kernel thread.  That is process
  *	synchronous but doesn't hold any locks, so we need to make sure we
  *	have the appropriate locks for what we're doing.
  *
@@ -1449,14 +1530,14 @@
 	ld = tty_ldisc_ref(tty);
 	if (ld != NULL) {
 		/* We may have no line discipline at this point */
-		if (ld->flush_buffer)
-			ld->flush_buffer(tty);
+		if (ld->ops->flush_buffer)
+			ld->ops->flush_buffer(tty);
 		tty_driver_flush_buffer(tty);
 		if ((test_bit(TTY_DO_WRITE_WAKEUP, &tty->flags)) &&
-		    ld->write_wakeup)
-			ld->write_wakeup(tty);
-		if (ld->hangup)
-			ld->hangup(tty);
+		    ld->ops->write_wakeup)
+			ld->ops->write_wakeup(tty);
+		if (ld->ops->hangup)
+			ld->ops->hangup(tty);
 	}
 	/*
 	 * FIXME: Once we trust the LDISC code better we can wait here for
@@ -1825,8 +1906,8 @@
 	/* We want to wait for the line discipline to sort out in this
 	   situation */
 	ld = tty_ldisc_ref_wait(tty);
-	if (ld->read)
-		i = (ld->read)(tty, file, buf, count);
+	if (ld->ops->read)
+		i = (ld->ops->read)(tty, file, buf, count);
 	else
 		i = -EIO;
 	tty_ldisc_deref(ld);
@@ -1978,10 +2059,10 @@
 		printk(KERN_ERR "tty driver %s lacks a write_room method.\n",
 			tty->driver->name);
 	ld = tty_ldisc_ref_wait(tty);
-	if (!ld->write)
+	if (!ld->ops->write)
 		ret = -EIO;
 	else
-		ret = do_tty_write(ld->write, tty, file, buf, count);
+		ret = do_tty_write(ld->ops->write, tty, file, buf, count);
 	tty_ldisc_deref(ld);
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -2076,6 +2157,7 @@
 	struct ktermios *tp, **tp_loc, *o_tp, **o_tp_loc;
 	struct ktermios *ltp, **ltp_loc, *o_ltp, **o_ltp_loc;
 	int retval = 0;
+	struct tty_ldisc *ld;
 
 	/* check whether we're reopening an existing tty */
 	if (driver->flags & TTY_DRIVER_DEVPTS_MEM) {
@@ -2224,17 +2306,19 @@
 	 * If we fail here just call release_tty to clean up.  No need
 	 * to decrement the use counts, as release_tty doesn't care.
 	 */
+	 
+	ld = &tty->ldisc;
 
-	if (tty->ldisc.open) {
-		retval = (tty->ldisc.open)(tty);
+	if (ld->ops->open) {
+		retval = (ld->ops->open)(tty);
 		if (retval)
 			goto release_mem_out;
 	}
-	if (o_tty && o_tty->ldisc.open) {
-		retval = (o_tty->ldisc.open)(o_tty);
+	if (o_tty && o_tty->ldisc.ops->open) {
+		retval = (o_tty->ldisc.ops->open)(o_tty);
 		if (retval) {
-			if (tty->ldisc.close)
-				(tty->ldisc.close)(tty);
+			if (ld->ops->close)
+				(ld->ops->close)(tty);
 			goto release_mem_out;
 		}
 		tty_ldisc_enable(o_tty);
@@ -2378,6 +2462,7 @@
 static void release_dev(struct file *filp)
 {
 	struct tty_struct *tty, *o_tty;
+	struct tty_ldisc ld;
 	int	pty_master, tty_closing, o_tty_closing, do_sleep;
 	int	devpts;
 	int	idx;
@@ -2611,26 +2696,27 @@
 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&tty_ldisc_lock, flags);
 	/*
 	 * Shutdown the current line discipline, and reset it to N_TTY.
-	 * N.B. why reset ldisc when we're releasing the memory??
 	 *
 	 * FIXME: this MUST get fixed for the new reflocking
 	 */
-	if (tty->ldisc.close)
-		(tty->ldisc.close)(tty);
-	tty_ldisc_put(tty->ldisc.num);
+	if (tty->ldisc.ops->close)
+		(tty->ldisc.ops->close)(tty);
+	tty_ldisc_put(tty->ldisc.ops);
 
 	/*
 	 *	Switch the line discipline back
 	 */
-	tty_ldisc_assign(tty, tty_ldisc_get(N_TTY));
+	WARN_ON(tty_ldisc_get(N_TTY, &ld));
+	tty_ldisc_assign(tty, &ld);
 	tty_set_termios_ldisc(tty, N_TTY);
 	if (o_tty) {
 		/* FIXME: could o_tty be in setldisc here ? */
 		clear_bit(TTY_LDISC, &o_tty->flags);
-		if (o_tty->ldisc.close)
-			(o_tty->ldisc.close)(o_tty);
-		tty_ldisc_put(o_tty->ldisc.num);
-		tty_ldisc_assign(o_tty, tty_ldisc_get(N_TTY));
+		if (o_tty->ldisc.ops->close)
+			(o_tty->ldisc.ops->close)(o_tty);
+		tty_ldisc_put(o_tty->ldisc.ops);
+		WARN_ON(tty_ldisc_get(N_TTY, &ld));
+		tty_ldisc_assign(o_tty, &ld);
 		tty_set_termios_ldisc(o_tty, N_TTY);
 	}
 	/*
@@ -2899,8 +2985,8 @@
 		return 0;
 
 	ld = tty_ldisc_ref_wait(tty);
-	if (ld->poll)
-		ret = (ld->poll)(tty, filp, wait);
+	if (ld->ops->poll)
+		ret = (ld->ops->poll)(tty, filp, wait);
 	tty_ldisc_deref(ld);
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -2974,7 +3060,7 @@
 	if (get_user(ch, p))
 		return -EFAULT;
 	ld = tty_ldisc_ref_wait(tty);
-	ld->receive_buf(tty, &ch, &mbz, 1);
+	ld->ops->receive_buf(tty, &ch, &mbz, 1);
 	tty_ldisc_deref(ld);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -3528,7 +3614,7 @@
 	case TIOCGSID:
 		return tiocgsid(tty, real_tty, p);
 	case TIOCGETD:
-		return put_user(tty->ldisc.num, (int __user *)p);
+		return put_user(tty->ldisc.ops->num, (int __user *)p);
 	case TIOCSETD:
 		return tiocsetd(tty, p);
 #ifdef CONFIG_VT
@@ -3581,8 +3667,8 @@
 	}
 	ld = tty_ldisc_ref_wait(tty);
 	retval = -EINVAL;
-	if (ld->ioctl) {
-		retval = ld->ioctl(tty, file, cmd, arg);
+	if (ld->ops->ioctl) {
+		retval = ld->ops->ioctl(tty, file, cmd, arg);
 		if (retval == -ENOIOCTLCMD)
 			retval = -EINVAL;
 	}
@@ -3609,8 +3695,8 @@
 	}
 
 	ld = tty_ldisc_ref_wait(tty);
-	if (ld->compat_ioctl)
-		retval = ld->compat_ioctl(tty, file, cmd, arg);
+	if (ld->ops->compat_ioctl)
+		retval = ld->ops->compat_ioctl(tty, file, cmd, arg);
 	tty_ldisc_deref(ld);
 
 	return retval;
@@ -3782,7 +3868,8 @@
 			flag_buf = head->flag_buf_ptr + head->read;
 			head->read += count;
 			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&tty->buf.lock, flags);
-			disc->receive_buf(tty, char_buf, flag_buf, count);
+			disc->ops->receive_buf(tty, char_buf,
+							flag_buf, count);
 			spin_lock_irqsave(&tty->buf.lock, flags);
 		}
 		/* Restore the queue head */
@@ -3843,9 +3930,12 @@
 
 static void initialize_tty_struct(struct tty_struct *tty)
 {
+	struct tty_ldisc ld;
 	memset(tty, 0, sizeof(struct tty_struct));
 	tty->magic = TTY_MAGIC;
-	tty_ldisc_assign(tty, tty_ldisc_get(N_TTY));
+	if (tty_ldisc_get(N_TTY, &ld) < 0)
+		panic("n_tty: init_tty");
+	tty_ldisc_assign(tty, &ld);
 	tty->session = NULL;
 	tty->pgrp = NULL;
 	tty->overrun_time = jiffies;
diff --git a/drivers/char/tty_ioctl.c b/drivers/char/tty_ioctl.c
index 8f81139..ea9fc5d 100644
--- a/drivers/char/tty_ioctl.c
+++ b/drivers/char/tty_ioctl.c
@@ -491,8 +491,8 @@
 
 	ld = tty_ldisc_ref(tty);
 	if (ld != NULL) {
-		if (ld->set_termios)
-			(ld->set_termios)(tty, &old_termios);
+		if (ld->ops->set_termios)
+			(ld->ops->set_termios)(tty, &old_termios);
 		tty_ldisc_deref(ld);
 	}
 	mutex_unlock(&tty->termios_mutex);
@@ -552,8 +552,8 @@
 	ld = tty_ldisc_ref(tty);
 
 	if (ld != NULL) {
-		if ((opt & TERMIOS_FLUSH) && ld->flush_buffer)
-			ld->flush_buffer(tty);
+		if ((opt & TERMIOS_FLUSH) && ld->ops->flush_buffer)
+			ld->ops->flush_buffer(tty);
 		tty_ldisc_deref(ld);
 	}
 
@@ -959,12 +959,12 @@
 	ld = tty_ldisc_ref(tty);
 	switch (arg) {
 	case TCIFLUSH:
-		if (ld && ld->flush_buffer)
-			ld->flush_buffer(tty);
+		if (ld && ld->ops->flush_buffer)
+			ld->ops->flush_buffer(tty);
 		break;
 	case TCIOFLUSH:
-		if (ld && ld->flush_buffer)
-			ld->flush_buffer(tty);
+		if (ld && ld->ops->flush_buffer)
+			ld->ops->flush_buffer(tty);
 		/* fall through */
 	case TCOFLUSH:
 		tty_driver_flush_buffer(tty);
diff --git a/drivers/input/serio/serport.c b/drivers/input/serio/serport.c
index 7ff71ba..b9694b6 100644
--- a/drivers/input/serio/serport.c
+++ b/drivers/input/serio/serport.c
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@
  * The line discipline structure.
  */
 
-static struct tty_ldisc serport_ldisc = {
+static struct tty_ldisc_ops serport_ldisc = {
 	.owner =	THIS_MODULE,
 	.name =		"input",
 	.open =		serport_ldisc_open,
diff --git a/drivers/isdn/capi/capi.c b/drivers/isdn/capi/capi.c
index 2095153..8a35029 100644
--- a/drivers/isdn/capi/capi.c
+++ b/drivers/isdn/capi/capi.c
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@
 	ld = tty_ldisc_ref(mp->tty);
 	if (ld == NULL)
 		return -1;
-	if (ld->receive_buf == NULL) {
+	if (ld->ops->receive_buf == NULL) {
 #if defined(_DEBUG_DATAFLOW) || defined(_DEBUG_TTYFUNCS)
 		printk(KERN_DEBUG "capi: ldisc has no receive_buf function\n");
 #endif
@@ -501,7 +501,7 @@
 	printk(KERN_DEBUG "capi: DATA_B3_RESP %u len=%d => ldisc\n",
 				datahandle, skb->len);
 #endif
-	ld->receive_buf(mp->tty, skb->data, NULL, skb->len);
+	ld->ops->receive_buf(mp->tty, skb->data, NULL, skb->len);
 	kfree_skb(skb);
 	tty_ldisc_deref(ld);
 	return 0;
diff --git a/drivers/isdn/gigaset/ser-gigaset.c b/drivers/isdn/gigaset/ser-gigaset.c
index 45d1ee9..5e89fa1 100644
--- a/drivers/isdn/gigaset/ser-gigaset.c
+++ b/drivers/isdn/gigaset/ser-gigaset.c
@@ -766,7 +766,7 @@
 	cs_put(cs);
 }
 
-static struct tty_ldisc gigaset_ldisc = {
+static struct tty_ldisc_ops gigaset_ldisc = {
 	.owner		= THIS_MODULE,
 	.magic		= TTY_LDISC_MAGIC,
 	.name		= "ser_gigaset",
diff --git a/drivers/net/hamradio/6pack.c b/drivers/net/hamradio/6pack.c
index 9d57212..19dd0a6 100644
--- a/drivers/net/hamradio/6pack.c
+++ b/drivers/net/hamradio/6pack.c
@@ -783,7 +783,7 @@
 	return err;
 }
 
-static struct tty_ldisc sp_ldisc = {
+static struct tty_ldisc_ops sp_ldisc = {
 	.owner		= THIS_MODULE,
 	.magic		= TTY_LDISC_MAGIC,
 	.name		= "6pack",
diff --git a/drivers/net/hamradio/mkiss.c b/drivers/net/hamradio/mkiss.c
index 6516603..c6ca475 100644
--- a/drivers/net/hamradio/mkiss.c
+++ b/drivers/net/hamradio/mkiss.c
@@ -969,7 +969,7 @@
 	mkiss_put(ax);
 }
 
-static struct tty_ldisc ax_ldisc = {
+static struct tty_ldisc_ops ax_ldisc = {
 	.owner		= THIS_MODULE,
 	.magic		= TTY_LDISC_MAGIC,
 	.name		= "mkiss",
diff --git a/drivers/net/irda/irtty-sir.c b/drivers/net/irda/irtty-sir.c
index e6f40b7..9e33196 100644
--- a/drivers/net/irda/irtty-sir.c
+++ b/drivers/net/irda/irtty-sir.c
@@ -533,7 +533,7 @@
 
 /* ------------------------------------------------------- */
 
-static struct tty_ldisc irda_ldisc = {
+static struct tty_ldisc_ops irda_ldisc = {
 	.magic		= TTY_LDISC_MAGIC,
  	.name		= "irda",
 	.flags		= 0,
diff --git a/drivers/net/ppp_async.c b/drivers/net/ppp_async.c
index f1a52de..451bdb5 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ppp_async.c
+++ b/drivers/net/ppp_async.c
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@
 }
 
 
-static struct tty_ldisc ppp_ldisc = {
+static struct tty_ldisc_ops ppp_ldisc = {
 	.owner  = THIS_MODULE,
 	.magic	= TTY_LDISC_MAGIC,
 	.name	= "ppp",
diff --git a/drivers/net/ppp_synctty.c b/drivers/net/ppp_synctty.c
index b8f0369..801d8f9 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ppp_synctty.c
+++ b/drivers/net/ppp_synctty.c
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@
 }
 
 
-static struct tty_ldisc ppp_sync_ldisc = {
+static struct tty_ldisc_ops ppp_sync_ldisc = {
 	.owner	= THIS_MODULE,
 	.magic	= TTY_LDISC_MAGIC,
 	.name	= "pppsync",
diff --git a/drivers/net/slip.c b/drivers/net/slip.c
index 84af68f..1d58991 100644
--- a/drivers/net/slip.c
+++ b/drivers/net/slip.c
@@ -1301,7 +1301,7 @@
 #endif
 /* VSV changes end */
 
-static struct tty_ldisc	sl_ldisc = {
+static struct tty_ldisc_ops sl_ldisc = {
 	.owner 		= THIS_MODULE,
 	.magic 		= TTY_LDISC_MAGIC,
 	.name 		= "slip",
diff --git a/drivers/net/wan/pc300_tty.c b/drivers/net/wan/pc300_tty.c
index e03eef2..c2c10c6 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wan/pc300_tty.c
+++ b/drivers/net/wan/pc300_tty.c
@@ -688,9 +688,9 @@
 				if (cpc_tty->tty) {
 					ld = tty_ldisc_ref(cpc_tty->tty);
 					if (ld) {
-						if (ld->receive_buf) {
+						if (ld->ops->receive_buf) {
 							CPC_TTY_DBG("%s: call line disc. receive_buf\n",cpc_tty->name);
-							ld->receive_buf(cpc_tty->tty, (char *)(buf->data), &flags, buf->size);
+							ld->ops->receive_buf(cpc_tty->tty, (char *)(buf->data), &flags, buf->size);
 						}
 						tty_ldisc_deref(ld);
 					}
diff --git a/drivers/net/wan/x25_asy.c b/drivers/net/wan/x25_asy.c
index 069f8bb..2a6c7a6 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wan/x25_asy.c
+++ b/drivers/net/wan/x25_asy.c
@@ -754,7 +754,7 @@
 	dev->flags		= IFF_NOARP;
 }
 
-static struct tty_ldisc x25_ldisc = {
+static struct tty_ldisc_ops x25_ldisc = {
 	.owner		= THIS_MODULE,
 	.magic		= TTY_LDISC_MAGIC,
 	.name		= "X.25",