Support for private (adopted) volumes.

This adds support for private volumes which is just a filesystem
wrapped in a dm-crypt layer.  For now we're using the exact same
configuration as internal encryption (aes-cbc-essiv:sha256), but we
don't store any key material on the removable media.  Instead, we
store the key on internal storage, and use the GPT partition GUID
to identify which key should be used.

This means that private external storage is effectively as secure as
the internal storage of the device.  That is, if the internal storage
is encrypted, then our external storage key is also encrypted.

When partitioning disks, we now support a "private" mode which has
a PrivateVolume partition, and a currently unused 16MB metadata
partition reserved for future use.  It also supports a "mixed" mode
which creates both a PublicVolume and PrivateVolume on the same
disk.  Mixed mode is currently experimental.

For now, just add ext4 support to PrivateVolume; we'll look at f2fs
in a future change.  Add VolumeBase lifecycle for setting up crypto
mappings, and extract blkid logic into shared method.  Sprinkle some
more "static" around the cryptfs code to improve invariants.

Bug: 19993667
Change-Id: Ibd1df6250735b706959a1eb9d9f7219ea85912a0
diff --git a/PrivateVolume.h b/PrivateVolume.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd464e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/PrivateVolume.h
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_VOLD_PRIVATE_VOLUME_H
+#define ANDROID_VOLD_PRIVATE_VOLUME_H
+
+#include "VolumeBase.h"
+
+#include <cutils/multiuser.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace vold {
+
+/*
+ * Private storage provided by an encrypted partition.
+ *
+ * Given a raw block device, it knows how to wrap it in dm-crypt and
+ * format as ext4/f2fs.  EmulatedVolume can be stacked above it.
+ *
+ * This volume is designed to behave much like the internal /data
+ * partition, both in layout and function.  For example, apps and
+ * private app data can be safely stored on this volume because the
+ * keys are tightly tied to this device.
+ */
+class PrivateVolume : public VolumeBase {
+public:
+    PrivateVolume(dev_t device, const std::string& keyRaw);
+    virtual ~PrivateVolume();
+
+protected:
+    status_t doCreate() override;
+    status_t doDestroy() override;
+    status_t doMount() override;
+    status_t doUnmount() override;
+    status_t doFormat() override;
+
+    status_t readMetadata();
+
+private:
+    /* Kernel device of raw, encrypted partition */
+    dev_t mRawDevice;
+    /* Path to raw, encrypted block device */
+    std::string mRawDevPath;
+    /* Path to decrypted block device */
+    std::string mDmDevPath;
+    /* Path where decrypted device is mounted */
+    std::string mPath;
+
+    /* Encryption key as raw bytes */
+    std::string mKeyRaw;
+
+    /* Filesystem type */
+    std::string mFsType;
+    /* Filesystem UUID */
+    std::string mFsUuid;
+    /* User-visible filesystem label */
+    std::string mFsLabel;
+
+    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(PrivateVolume);
+};
+
+}  // namespace vold
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif