diff --git a/.clang-format b/.clang-format
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae4a451
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.clang-format
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+BasedOnStyle: Google
+AccessModifierOffset: -2
+AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: Inline
+ColumnLimit: 100
+CommentPragmas: NOLINT:.*
+DerivePointerAlignment: false
+IndentWidth: 4
+PointerAlignment: Left
+TabWidth: 4
+UseTab: Never
+PenaltyExcessCharacter: 32
diff --git a/Android.bp b/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4071e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "vold_default_flags",
+
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wextra",
+        "-Wno-missing-field-initializers",
+        "-Wno-unused-parameter",
+        "-Wno-unused-variable",
+    ],
+
+    clang: true,
+
+    tidy: true,
+    tidy_checks: [
+        "-*",
+        "cert-*",
+        "clang-analyzer-security*",
+    ],
+    tidy_flags: [
+        "-warnings-as-errors=clang-analyzer-security*,cert-*",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "vold_default_libs",
+
+    static_libs: [
+        "libavb",
+        "libbootloader_message",
+        "libfec",
+        "libfec_rs",
+        "libfs_mgr",
+        "libscrypt_static",
+        "libsquashfs_utils",
+        "libvold_binder",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.keymaster@3.0",
+        "libbase",
+        "libbinder",
+        "libcrypto",
+        "libcrypto_utils",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libdiskconfig",
+        "libext4_utils",
+        "libf2fs_sparseblock",
+        "libhardware",
+        "libhardware_legacy",
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "libkeystore_binder",
+        "libkeyutils",
+        "liblog",
+        "liblogwrap",
+        "libselinux",
+        "libsysutils",
+        "libutils",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "libvold_binder",
+    defaults: ["vold_default_flags"],
+
+    srcs: [
+        ":vold_aidl",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbinder",
+        "libutils",
+    ],
+    aidl: {
+        local_include_dirs: ["binder"],
+        include_dirs: ["frameworks/native/aidl/binder"],
+        export_aidl_headers: true,
+    },
+}
+
+cc_library_headers {
+    name: "libvold_headers",
+    export_include_dirs: ["."],
+}
+
+// Static library factored out to support testing
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "libvold",
+    defaults: [
+        "vold_default_flags",
+        "vold_default_libs",
+    ],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "Benchmark.cpp",
+        "CheckEncryption.cpp",
+        "Devmapper.cpp",
+        "EncryptInplace.cpp",
+        "Ext4Crypt.cpp",
+        "FileDeviceUtils.cpp",
+        "IdleMaint.cpp",
+        "KeyBuffer.cpp",
+        "KeyStorage.cpp",
+        "KeyUtil.cpp",
+        "Keymaster.cpp",
+        "Loop.cpp",
+        "MetadataCrypt.cpp",
+        "MoveStorage.cpp",
+        "NetlinkHandler.cpp",
+        "NetlinkManager.cpp",
+        "Process.cpp",
+        "ScryptParameters.cpp",
+        "Utils.cpp",
+        "VoldNativeService.cpp",
+        "VoldUtil.cpp",
+        "VolumeManager.cpp",
+        "cryptfs.cpp",
+        "fs/Ext4.cpp",
+        "fs/F2fs.cpp",
+        "fs/Vfat.cpp",
+        "model/Disk.cpp",
+        "model/EmulatedVolume.cpp",
+        "model/ObbVolume.cpp",
+        "model/PrivateVolume.cpp",
+        "model/PublicVolume.cpp",
+        "model/VolumeBase.cpp",
+        "secontext.cpp",
+    ],
+    product_variables: {
+        arc: {
+            exclude_srcs: [
+                "model/ObbVolume.cpp",
+            ],
+            static_libs: [
+                "libarcobbvolume",
+            ],
+        },
+    },
+}
+
+cc_binary {
+    name: "vold",
+    defaults: [
+        "vold_default_flags",
+        "vold_default_libs",
+    ],
+
+    srcs: ["main.cpp"],
+    static_libs: ["libvold"],
+    product_variables: {
+        arc: {
+            static_libs: [
+                "libarcobbvolume",
+            ]
+        },
+    },
+    init_rc: ["vold.rc"],
+
+    required: [
+        "mke2fs",
+        "vold_prepare_subdirs",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_binary {
+    name: "vdc",
+    defaults: ["vold_default_flags"],
+
+    srcs: ["vdc.cpp"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libbinder",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libutils",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libvold_binder",
+    ],
+    init_rc: ["vdc.rc"],
+}
+
+cc_binary {
+    name: "secdiscard",
+    defaults: ["vold_default_flags"],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "FileDeviceUtils.cpp",
+        "secdiscard.cpp",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: ["libbase"],
+}
+
+cc_binary {
+    name: "vold_prepare_subdirs",
+    defaults: ["vold_default_flags"],
+
+    srcs: ["vold_prepare_subdirs.cpp", "Utils.cpp"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libcutils",
+        "liblogwrap",
+        "libselinux",
+        "libutils",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libvold_binder",
+    ],
+}
+
+filegroup {
+    name: "vold_aidl",
+    srcs: [
+        "binder/android/os/IVold.aidl",
+        "binder/android/os/IVoldListener.aidl",
+        "binder/android/os/IVoldTaskListener.aidl",
+    ],
+}
+
+subdirs = ["tests"]
diff --git a/Android.mk b/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index bd457f6..0000000
--- a/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,173 +0,0 @@
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-
-common_src_files := \
-	VolumeManager.cpp \
-	CommandListener.cpp \
-	CryptCommandListener.cpp \
-	VoldCommand.cpp \
-	NetlinkManager.cpp \
-	NetlinkHandler.cpp \
-	Process.cpp \
-	fs/Ext4.cpp \
-	fs/F2fs.cpp \
-	fs/Vfat.cpp \
-	Loop.cpp \
-	Devmapper.cpp \
-	ResponseCode.cpp \
-	Ext4Crypt.cpp \
-	VoldUtil.c \
-	cryptfs.cpp \
-	Disk.cpp \
-	VolumeBase.cpp \
-	PublicVolume.cpp \
-	PrivateVolume.cpp \
-	EmulatedVolume.cpp \
-	Utils.cpp \
-	MoveTask.cpp \
-	Benchmark.cpp \
-	TrimTask.cpp \
-	KeyBuffer.cpp \
-	Keymaster.cpp \
-	KeyStorage.cpp \
-	KeyUtil.cpp \
-	ScryptParameters.cpp \
-	secontext.cpp \
-	EncryptInplace.cpp \
-	MetadataCrypt.cpp \
-
-common_c_includes := \
-	system/extras/f2fs_utils \
-	external/scrypt/lib/crypto \
-	external/f2fs-tools/include \
-	frameworks/native/include \
-	system/security/keystore \
-
-common_shared_libraries := \
-	libsysutils \
-	libbinder \
-	libcutils \
-	libkeyutils \
-	liblog \
-	libdiskconfig \
-	libhardware_legacy \
-	liblogwrap \
-	libext4_utils \
-	libf2fs_sparseblock \
-	libcrypto_utils \
-	libcrypto \
-	libselinux \
-	libutils \
-	libhardware \
-	libbase \
-	libhwbinder \
-	libhidlbase \
-	android.hardware.keymaster@3.0 \
-	libkeystore_binder
-
-common_static_libraries := \
-	libbootloader_message \
-	libfs_mgr \
-	libfec \
-	libfec_rs \
-	libsquashfs_utils \
-	libscrypt_static \
-	libavb \
-
-# TODO: include "cert-err34-c" once we move to Binder
-# TODO: include "cert-err58-cpp" once 36656327 is fixed
-common_local_tidy_flags := -warnings-as-errors=clang-analyzer-security*,cert-*
-common_local_tidy_checks := -*,clang-analyzer-security*,cert-*,-cert-err34-c,-cert-err58-cpp
-
-vold_conlyflags := -std=c11
-vold_cflags := -Werror -Wall -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wno-unused-variable -Wno-unused-parameter
-
-required_modules :=
-ifeq ($(TARGET_USERIMAGES_USE_EXT4), true)
-  ifeq ($(TARGET_USES_MKE2FS), true)
-    vold_cflags += -DTARGET_USES_MKE2FS
-    required_modules += mke2fs
-  else
-    # Adoptable storage has fully moved to mke2fs, so we need both tools
-    required_modules += mke2fs
-    required_modules += make_ext4fs
-  endif
-endif
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_ADDITIONAL_DEPENDENCIES := $(LOCAL_PATH)/Android.mk
-LOCAL_MODULE := libvold
-LOCAL_CLANG := true
-LOCAL_TIDY := true
-LOCAL_TIDY_FLAGS := $(common_local_tidy_flags)
-LOCAL_TIDY_CHECKS := $(common_local_tidy_checks)
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(common_src_files)
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := $(common_c_includes)
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := $(common_shared_libraries)
-LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := $(common_static_libraries)
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := eng tests
-LOCAL_CFLAGS := $(vold_cflags)
-LOCAL_CONLYFLAGS := $(vold_conlyflags)
-LOCAL_REQUIRED_MODULES := $(required_modules)
-
-include $(BUILD_STATIC_LIBRARY)
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_ADDITIONAL_DEPENDENCIES := $(LOCAL_PATH)/Android.mk
-LOCAL_MODULE := vold
-LOCAL_CLANG := true
-LOCAL_TIDY := true
-LOCAL_TIDY_FLAGS := $(common_local_tidy_flags)
-LOCAL_TIDY_CHECKS := $(common_local_tidy_checks)
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
-	main.cpp \
-	$(common_src_files)
-
-LOCAL_INIT_RC := vold.rc
-
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := $(common_c_includes)
-LOCAL_CFLAGS := $(vold_cflags)
-LOCAL_CONLYFLAGS := $(vold_conlyflags)
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := $(common_shared_libraries)
-LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := $(common_static_libraries)
-LOCAL_REQUIRED_MODULES := $(required_modules)
-
-include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_ADDITIONAL_DEPENDENCIES := $(LOCAL_PATH)/Android.mk
-LOCAL_CLANG := true
-LOCAL_TIDY := true
-LOCAL_TIDY_FLAGS := $(common_local_tidy_flags)
-LOCAL_TIDY_CHECKS := $(common_local_tidy_checks)
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := vdc.cpp
-LOCAL_MODULE := vdc
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := libcutils libbase
-LOCAL_CFLAGS := $(vold_cflags)
-LOCAL_CONLYFLAGS := $(vold_conlyflags)
-LOCAL_INIT_RC := vdc.rc
-
-include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_ADDITIONAL_DEPENDENCIES := $(LOCAL_PATH)/Android.mk
-LOCAL_CLANG := true
-LOCAL_TIDY := true
-LOCAL_TIDY_FLAGS := $(common_local_tidy_flags)
-LOCAL_TIDY_CHECKS := $(common_local_tidy_checks)
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= \
-    FileDeviceUtils.cpp \
-    secdiscard.cpp \
-
-LOCAL_MODULE:= secdiscard
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := libbase
-LOCAL_CFLAGS := $(vold_cflags)
-LOCAL_CONLYFLAGS := $(vold_conlyflags)
-
-include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
-
-include $(LOCAL_PATH)/tests/Android.mk
diff --git a/Asec.h b/Asec.h
deleted file mode 100644
index dd64fd0..0000000
--- a/Asec.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef _ASEC_H
-#define _ASEC_H
-
-struct asec_superblock {
-#define ASEC_SB_MAGIC 0xc0def00d
-    unsigned int magic;
-
-#define ASEC_SB_VER 1
-    unsigned char ver;
-
-#define ASEC_SB_C_CIPHER_NONE    0
-#define ASEC_SB_C_CIPHER_TWOFISH 1
-#define ASEC_SB_C_CIPHER_AES     2
-    unsigned char c_cipher;
-
-#define ASEC_SB_C_CHAIN_NONE 0
-    unsigned char c_chain;
-
-#define ASEC_SB_C_OPTS_NONE 0
-#define ASEC_SB_C_OPTS_EXT4 1
-    unsigned char c_opts;
-
-#define ASEC_SB_C_MODE_NONE 0
-    unsigned char c_mode;
-} __attribute__((packed));
-
-#endif
diff --git a/Benchmark.cpp b/Benchmark.cpp
index bbab792..dfe3366 100644
--- a/Benchmark.cpp
+++ b/Benchmark.cpp
@@ -17,57 +17,91 @@
 #include "Benchmark.h"
 #include "BenchmarkGen.h"
 #include "VolumeManager.h"
-#include "ResponseCode.h"
 
+#include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
+
 #include <cutils/iosched_policy.h>
+#include <hardware_legacy/power.h>
 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
 
+#include <thread>
+
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #include <sys/resource.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
-#define ENABLE_DROP_CACHES 1
-
 using android::base::ReadFileToString;
 using android::base::WriteStringToFile;
 
 namespace android {
 namespace vold {
 
-static void notifyResult(const std::string& path, int64_t create_d,
-        int64_t drop_d, int64_t run_d, int64_t destroy_d) {
-    std::string res(path +
-            + " " + BenchmarkIdent()
-            + " " + std::to_string(create_d)
-            + " " + std::to_string(drop_d)
-            + " " + std::to_string(run_d)
-            + " " + std::to_string(destroy_d));
-    VolumeManager::Instance()->getBroadcaster()->sendBroadcast(
-            ResponseCode::BenchmarkResult, res.c_str(), false);
-}
+// Benchmark currently uses chdir(), which means we can only
+// safely run one at a time.
+static std::mutex kBenchmarkLock;
 
-static nsecs_t benchmark(const std::string& path) {
-    errno = 0;
-    int orig_prio = getpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0);
-    if (errno != 0) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to getpriority";
-        return -1;
-    }
-    if (setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, -10) != 0) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to setpriority";
-        return -1;
+static const char* kWakeLock = "Benchmark";
+
+// Reasonable cards are able to complete the create/run stages
+// in under 20 seconds.
+constexpr auto kTimeout = 20s;
+
+// RAII class for boosting device performance during benchmarks.
+class PerformanceBoost {
+private:
+    int orig_prio;
+    int orig_ioprio;
+    IoSchedClass orig_clazz;
+
+public:
+    PerformanceBoost() {
+        errno = 0;
+        orig_prio = getpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0);
+        if (errno != 0) {
+            PLOG(WARNING) << "Failed to getpriority";
+            orig_prio = 0;
+        }
+        if (setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, -10) != 0) {
+            PLOG(WARNING) << "Failed to setpriority";
+        }
+        if (android_get_ioprio(0, &orig_clazz, &orig_ioprio)) {
+            PLOG(WARNING) << "Failed to android_get_ioprio";
+            orig_ioprio = 0;
+            orig_clazz = IoSchedClass_NONE;
+        }
+        if (android_set_ioprio(0, IoSchedClass_RT, 0)) {
+            PLOG(WARNING) << "Failed to android_set_ioprio";
+        }
     }
 
-    IoSchedClass orig_clazz = IoSchedClass_NONE;
-    int orig_ioprio = 0;
-    if (android_get_ioprio(0, &orig_clazz, &orig_ioprio)) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to android_get_ioprio";
+    ~PerformanceBoost() {
+        if (android_set_ioprio(0, orig_clazz, orig_ioprio)) {
+            PLOG(WARNING) << "Failed to android_set_ioprio";
+        }
+        if (setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, orig_prio) != 0) {
+            PLOG(WARNING) << "Failed to setpriority";
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+static status_t benchmarkInternal(const std::string& rootPath,
+        const android::sp<android::os::IVoldTaskListener>& listener,
+        android::os::PersistableBundle* extras) {
+    status_t res = 0;
+
+    auto path = rootPath;
+    path += "/misc";
+    if (android::vold::PrepareDir(path, 01771, AID_SYSTEM, AID_MISC)) {
         return -1;
     }
-    if (android_set_ioprio(0, IoSchedClass_RT, 0)) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to android_set_ioprio";
+    path += "/vold";
+    if (android::vold::PrepareDir(path, 0700, AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT)) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    path += "/bench";
+    if (android::vold::PrepareDir(path, 0700, AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT)) {
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -83,70 +117,81 @@
 
     sync();
 
-    LOG(INFO) << "Benchmarking " << path;
-    nsecs_t start = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_BOOTTIME);
+    extras->putString(String16("path"), String16(path.c_str()));
+    extras->putString(String16("ident"), String16(BenchmarkIdent().c_str()));
 
-    BenchmarkCreate();
-    sync();
-    nsecs_t create = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_BOOTTIME);
-
-#if ENABLE_DROP_CACHES
-    LOG(VERBOSE) << "Before drop_caches";
-    if (!WriteStringToFile("3", "/proc/sys/vm/drop_caches")) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to drop_caches";
+    // Always create
+    {
+        android::base::Timer timer;
+        LOG(INFO) << "Creating " << path;
+        res |= BenchmarkCreate([&](int progress) -> bool {
+            if (listener) {
+                listener->onStatus(progress, *extras);
+            }
+            return (timer.duration() < kTimeout);
+        });
+        sync();
+        if (res == OK) extras->putLong(String16("create"), timer.duration().count());
     }
-    LOG(VERBOSE) << "After drop_caches";
-#endif
-    nsecs_t drop = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_BOOTTIME);
 
-    BenchmarkRun();
-    sync();
-    nsecs_t run = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_BOOTTIME);
+    // Only drop when we haven't aborted
+    if (res == OK) {
+        android::base::Timer timer;
+        LOG(VERBOSE) << "Before drop_caches";
+        if (!WriteStringToFile("3", "/proc/sys/vm/drop_caches")) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to drop_caches";
+            res = -1;
+        }
+        LOG(VERBOSE) << "After drop_caches";
+        sync();
+        if (res == OK) extras->putLong(String16("drop"), timer.duration().count());
+    }
 
-    BenchmarkDestroy();
-    sync();
-    nsecs_t destroy = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_BOOTTIME);
+    // Only run when we haven't aborted
+    if (res == OK) {
+        android::base::Timer timer;
+        LOG(INFO) << "Running " << path;
+        res |= BenchmarkRun([&](int progress) -> bool {
+            if (listener) {
+                listener->onStatus(progress, *extras);
+            }
+            return (timer.duration() < kTimeout);
+        });
+        sync();
+        if (res == OK) extras->putLong(String16("run"), timer.duration().count());
+    }
+
+    // Always destroy
+    {
+        android::base::Timer timer;
+        LOG(INFO) << "Destroying " << path;
+        res |= BenchmarkDestroy();
+        sync();
+        if (res == OK) extras->putLong(String16("destroy"), timer.duration().count());
+    }
 
     if (chdir(orig_cwd) != 0) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to chdir";
-    }
-    if (android_set_ioprio(0, orig_clazz, orig_ioprio)) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to android_set_ioprio";
-    }
-    if (setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, orig_prio) != 0) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to setpriority";
+        return -1;
     }
 
-    nsecs_t create_d = create - start;
-    nsecs_t drop_d = drop - create;
-    nsecs_t run_d = run - drop;
-    nsecs_t destroy_d = destroy - run;
-
-    LOG(INFO) << "create took " << nanoseconds_to_milliseconds(create_d) << "ms";
-    LOG(INFO) << "drop took " << nanoseconds_to_milliseconds(drop_d) << "ms";
-    LOG(INFO) << "run took " << nanoseconds_to_milliseconds(run_d) << "ms";
-    LOG(INFO) << "destroy took " << nanoseconds_to_milliseconds(destroy_d) << "ms";
-
-    notifyResult(path, create_d, drop_d, run_d, destroy_d);
-
-    return run_d;
+    return res;
 }
 
-nsecs_t BenchmarkPrivate(const std::string& path) {
-    std::string benchPath(path);
-    benchPath += "/misc";
-    if (android::vold::PrepareDir(benchPath, 01771, AID_SYSTEM, AID_MISC)) {
-        return -1;
+void Benchmark(const std::string& path,
+        const android::sp<android::os::IVoldTaskListener>& listener) {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(kBenchmarkLock);
+    acquire_wake_lock(PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK, kWakeLock);
+
+    PerformanceBoost boost;
+    android::os::PersistableBundle extras;
+
+    status_t res = benchmarkInternal(path, listener, &extras);
+    if (listener) {
+        listener->onFinished(res, extras);
     }
-    benchPath += "/vold";
-    if (android::vold::PrepareDir(benchPath, 0700, AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT)) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-    benchPath += "/bench";
-    if (android::vold::PrepareDir(benchPath, 0700, AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT)) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-    return benchmark(benchPath);
+
+    release_wake_lock(kWakeLock);
 }
 
 }  // namespace vold
diff --git a/Benchmark.h b/Benchmark.h
index 13f9009..4f19b01 100644
--- a/Benchmark.h
+++ b/Benchmark.h
@@ -17,16 +17,15 @@
 #ifndef ANDROID_VOLD_BENCHMARK_H
 #define ANDROID_VOLD_BENCHMARK_H
 
-#include <utils/Errors.h>
-#include <utils/Timers.h>
+#include "android/os/IVoldTaskListener.h"
 
 #include <string>
 
 namespace android {
 namespace vold {
 
-/* Benchmark a private volume mounted at the given path */
-nsecs_t BenchmarkPrivate(const std::string& path);
+void Benchmark(const std::string& path,
+        const android::sp<android::os::IVoldTaskListener>& listener);
 
 }  // namespace vold
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/BenchmarkGen.h b/BenchmarkGen.h
index cd95aae..a1bf718 100644
--- a/BenchmarkGen.h
+++ b/BenchmarkGen.h
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 #include <fcntl.h>
 
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <functional>
 #include <string>
 
 #include <Utils.h>
@@ -36,10 +37,11 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace vold {
 
-static status_t BenchmarkRun() {
+static status_t BenchmarkRun(std::function<bool(int)> checkpoint) {
+
 
 char* buf = (char*) malloc(1048576);
-int  t3433f17 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file0", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
+int t3433f17 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file0", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(lseek(t3433f17, 0, SEEK_END));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(lseek(t3433f17, 38891199, SEEK_SET));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3433f17, buf, 65557));
@@ -50,7 +52,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3433f17, buf, 30, 37276895));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3433f17, buf, 14, 37276925));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3433f17, buf, 914520, 37273600)); // mmap2
-int  t3433f18 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file1", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
+int t3433f18 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file1", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3433f18, buf, 4096, 0)); // mmap2
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3433f18, buf, 4096, 0)); // mmap2
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3433f18, buf, 4096, 0)); // mmap2
@@ -211,8 +213,8 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3433f17, buf, 30, 32521955));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3433f17, buf, 45, 32521985));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3433f17, buf, 6350, 32518144)); // mmap2
-int  t3450f18 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file11", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
-int  t3450f22 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file12", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
+int t3450f18 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file11", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
+int t3450f22 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file12", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3450f22, buf, 1));
 close(t3450f22);
 t3450f22 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file13", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC));
@@ -224,7 +226,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fsync(t3450f22));
 close(t3450f22);
 close(t3450f18);
-int  t3454f26 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file0", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3454f26 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file0", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(lseek(t3454f26, 0, SEEK_END));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(lseek(t3454f26, 38891199, SEEK_SET));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3454f26, buf, 65557));
@@ -236,7 +238,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3454f26, buf, 65557));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3454f26, buf, 769726, 38187008)); // mmap2
 close(t3454f26);
-int  t3455f17 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file0", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
+int t3455f17 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file0", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(lseek(t3455f17, 0, SEEK_END));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(lseek(t3455f17, 38891199, SEEK_SET));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3455f17, buf, 65557));
@@ -247,10 +249,10 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 30, 37276895));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 14, 37276925));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 914520, 37273600)); // mmap2
-int  t3454f29 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file16", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
+int t3454f29 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file16", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3454f29, buf, 14048, 0)); // mmap2
 close(t3454f29);
-int  t3455f18 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file1", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
+int t3455f18 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file1", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f18, buf, 4096, 0)); // mmap2
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f18, buf, 4096, 0)); // mmap2
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f18, buf, 4096, 0)); // mmap2
@@ -277,6 +279,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f18, buf, 1048576, 0)); // mmap2
 close(t3455f18);
 t3455f18 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file0", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
+if (!checkpoint(52)) return -1;
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3455f18, buf, 4));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(lseek(t3455f18, 0, SEEK_SET));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(lseek(t3455f18, 0, SEEK_END));
@@ -397,7 +400,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 30, 3513185));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 46, 3513215));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 3262, 3510272)); // mmap2
-int  t3455f19 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file12", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
+int t3455f19 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file12", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3455f19, buf, 1));
 close(t3455f19);
 t3455f19 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file13", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC));
@@ -415,9 +418,9 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f18, buf, 13748, 0)); // mmap2
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f18, buf, 4196, 12288)); // mmap2
 close(t3455f18);
-int  t3483f20 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file17", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0600));
+int t3483f20 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file17", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0600));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3483f20, buf, 100, 0));
-int  t3483f21 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3483f21 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3483f21, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3483f21);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3483f20, buf, 4096, 0));
@@ -440,7 +443,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3483f20, buf, 16, 24));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3483f20, buf, 4096, 16384));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3483f20, buf, 4096, 12288));
-int  t3483f22 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3483f22 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3483f22, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3483f22);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3483f20, buf, 16, 24));
@@ -467,9 +470,9 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3483f20, buf, 4096, 49152));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3483f20, buf, 4096, 139264));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3483f20, buf, 4096, 172032));
-int  t3483f25 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file19", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0600));
+int t3483f25 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file19", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0600));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3483f25, buf, 100, 0));
-int  t3483f26 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file20", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3483f26 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file20", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3483f26, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3483f26);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3483f25, buf, 4096, 0));
@@ -492,7 +495,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3483f25, buf, 16, 24));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3483f25, buf, 4096, 16384));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3483f25, buf, 4096, 12288));
-int  t3483f27 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file20", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3483f27 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file20", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3483f27, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3483f27);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3483f25, buf, 16, 24));
@@ -533,6 +536,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3483f25, buf, 4096, 69632));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3483f25, buf, 4096, 81920));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3483f25, buf, 4096, 90112));
+if (!checkpoint(55)) return -1;
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3483f25, buf, 4096, 102400));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3483f25, buf, 4096, 114688));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3483f25, buf, 4096, 131072));
@@ -541,16 +545,16 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3483f27, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3483f27);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3483f25, buf, 16, 24));
-int  t3498f30 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file21", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
+int t3498f30 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file21", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3498f30, buf, 16384));
 close(t3498f30);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 30, 278721));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 19, 278751));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 25119, 278528)); // mmap2
-int  t3499f30 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f30 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f30, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3499f30);
-int  t3499f31 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0660));
+int t3499f31 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0660));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f31, buf, 512, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f31, buf, 4, 512));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f31, buf, 4096, 516));
@@ -595,7 +599,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f30, buf, 28, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f30));
 close(t3499f30);
-int  t3500f30 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file23", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3500f30 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file23", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3500f30, buf, 52, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3500f30, buf, 4096, 0)); // mmap2
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3500f30, buf, 27898, 0)); // mmap2
@@ -631,7 +635,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3500f30, buf, 1048576, 0)); // mmap2
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3500f30, buf, 122564, 3059712)); // mmap2
 close(t3500f30);
-int  t3502f30 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file29", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
+int t3502f30 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file29", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3502f30, buf, 1));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3502f30, buf, 4));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3502f30, buf, 1));
@@ -776,6 +780,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 2073, 32759808)); // mmap2
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 30, 32273035));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 37, 32273065));
+if (!checkpoint(58)) return -1;
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 1692, 32272384)); // mmap2
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 30, 34612102));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 38, 34612132));
@@ -802,7 +807,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f31, buf, 4, 16924));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f31, buf, 8, 17408));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f31));
-int  t3499f32 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f32 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f32));
 close(t3499f32);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f31, buf, 12, 0));
@@ -837,9 +842,9 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f31, buf, 28, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f31));
 close(t3499f31);
-int  t3492f31 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file30", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0600));
+int t3492f31 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file30", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0600));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3492f31, buf, 100, 0));
-int  t3492f32 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file31", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3492f32 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file31", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3492f32, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3492f32);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3492f31, buf, 4096, 0));
@@ -865,7 +870,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 1005, 35635200)); // mmap2
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3492f31, buf, 4096, 16384));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3492f31, buf, 4096, 12288));
-int  t3492f33 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file31", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3492f33 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file31", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3492f33, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3492f33);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3492f31, buf, 16, 24));
@@ -899,7 +904,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f30, buf, 4, 16924));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f30, buf, 8, 17408));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f30));
-int  t3499f34 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f34 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f34));
 close(t3499f34);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f30, buf, 12, 0));
@@ -1001,6 +1006,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 43, 35474168));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 3682, 35471360)); // mmap2
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 30, 34394223));
+if (!checkpoint(61)) return -1;
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 41, 34394253));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 481, 34394112)); // mmap2
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 30, 32648704));
@@ -1034,19 +1040,19 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 30, 36096678));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 29, 36096708));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 3292, 36093952)); // mmap2
-int  t3509f41 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file33", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
-int  t3492f42 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file31", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3509f41 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file33", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
+int t3492f42 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file31", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3492f42, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3492f42);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3492f31, buf, 16, 24));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3492f31, buf, 4096, 53248));
-int  t3499f42 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f42 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f42, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3499f42);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3509f41, buf, 8192));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3509f41, buf, 8091));
 close(t3509f41);
-int  t3499f41 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f41 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f41, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3499f41);
 t3499f41 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0660));
@@ -1103,10 +1109,10 @@
 t3499f41 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f41, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3499f41);
-int  t3499f40 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f40 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f40, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3499f40);
-int  t3492f40 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file31", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3492f40 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file31", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3492f40, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3492f40);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3492f31, buf, 16, 24));
@@ -1192,7 +1198,7 @@
 t3499f40 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f40, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3499f40);
-int  t3492f41 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file31", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3492f41 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file31", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3492f41, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3492f41);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3492f31, buf, 16, 24));
@@ -1223,6 +1229,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f40, buf, 4, 12820));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f40, buf, 4, 12824));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f40, buf, 4096, 12828));
+if (!checkpoint(64)) return -1;
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f40, buf, 4, 16924));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f40, buf, 8, 17408));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f40));
@@ -1253,7 +1260,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f40, buf, 4, 16924));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f40, buf, 8, 17408));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f40));
-int  t3508f42 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file0", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3508f42 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file0", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(lseek(t3508f42, 0, SEEK_END));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(lseek(t3508f42, 38891199, SEEK_SET));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3508f42, buf, 65557));
@@ -1265,7 +1272,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3508f42, buf, 65557));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3508f42, buf, 769726, 38187008)); // mmap2
 close(t3508f42);
-int  t3499f43 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f43 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f43));
 close(t3499f43);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f40, buf, 12, 0));
@@ -1273,10 +1280,10 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f40, buf, 28, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f40));
 close(t3499f40);
-int  t3508f40 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file16", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
+int t3508f40 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file16", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3508f40, buf, 14048, 0)); // mmap2
 close(t3508f40);
-int  t3499f33 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f33 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f33, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3499f33);
 t3499f33 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0660));
@@ -1295,7 +1302,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f33, buf, 4, 16924));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f33, buf, 8, 17408));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f33));
-int  t3499f39 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f39 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f39));
 close(t3499f39);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f33, buf, 12, 0));
@@ -1336,7 +1343,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 30, 35448800));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 31, 35448830));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 2408, 35446784)); // mmap2
-int  t3519f33 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file34", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
+int t3519f33 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file34", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3519f33, buf, 1422));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3519f33, buf, 1));
 close(t3519f33);
@@ -1436,11 +1443,11 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 30, 29897692));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 34, 29897722));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 1809, 29896704)); // mmap2
-int  t3523f49 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file33", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
+int t3523f49 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file33", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3523f49, buf, 8192));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3523f49, buf, 8091));
 close(t3523f49);
-int  t3455f50 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file7", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3455f50 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file7", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 close(t3455f50);
 t3455f50 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file35", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f50, buf, 52, 0));
@@ -1452,6 +1459,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f50, buf, 52, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f50, buf, 4096, 0)); // mmap2
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f50, buf, 187587, 0)); // mmap2
+if (!checkpoint(67)) return -1;
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f50, buf, 4128, 188416)); // mmap2
 close(t3455f50);
 t3455f50 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file24", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
@@ -1471,7 +1479,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 30, 29922405));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 45, 29922435));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 1962, 29921280)); // mmap2
-int  t3499f50 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f50 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f50, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3499f50);
 t3499f50 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0660));
@@ -1490,7 +1498,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f50, buf, 4, 16924));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f50, buf, 8, 17408));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f50));
-int  t3499f52 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f52 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f52));
 close(t3499f52);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f50, buf, 12, 0));
@@ -1534,7 +1542,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 30, 33255456));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 43, 33255486));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 795, 33255424)); // mmap2
-int  t3492f52 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file31", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3492f52 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file31", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3492f52, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3492f52);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3492f31, buf, 16, 24));
@@ -1594,8 +1602,8 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 30, 35513539));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 37, 35513569));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 1673, 35512320)); // mmap2
-int  t3526f50 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file39", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
-int  t3526f52 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file40", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3526f50 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file39", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
+int t3526f52 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file40", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3526f52, buf, 52, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3526f52, buf, 4096, 0)); // mmap2
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3526f52, buf, 1584, 0)); // mmap2
@@ -1619,7 +1627,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 30, 32575657));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 49, 32575687));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 451, 32575488)); // mmap2
-int  t3519f50 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file41", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
+int t3519f50 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file41", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3519f50, buf, 16384));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3519f50, buf, 16384));
 close(t3519f50);
@@ -1632,7 +1640,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 30, 29920348));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 42, 29920378));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 5221, 29917184)); // mmap2
-int  t3527f50 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file42", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3527f50 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file42", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3527f50, buf, 52, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3527f50, buf, 4096, 0)); // mmap2
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 30, 32567874));
@@ -1652,7 +1660,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3519f50, buf, 16384));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3519f50, buf, 16384));
 close(t3519f50);
-int  t3492f50 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file44", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3492f50 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file44", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3492f50, buf, 52, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3492f50, buf, 4096, 0)); // mmap2
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3492f50, buf, 10313, 0)); // mmap2
@@ -1666,23 +1674,23 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3526f52, buf, 16384));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3526f52, buf, 16384));
 close(t3526f52);
-int  t3532f53 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file47", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
+int t3532f53 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file47", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3532f53, buf, 16384));
-int  t3533f47 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file48", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
+int t3533f47 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file48", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3532f53, buf, 16384));
 close(t3532f53);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3533f47, buf, 16384));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3533f47, buf, 16384));
 close(t3533f47);
-int  t3519f43 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file49", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
+int t3519f43 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file49", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3519f43, buf, 16384));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3519f43, buf, 16384));
 close(t3519f43);
-int  t3532f43 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file50", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
+int t3532f43 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file50", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3532f43, buf, 16384));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3532f43, buf, 16384));
 close(t3532f43);
-int  t3533f43 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file51", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
+int t3533f43 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file51", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3533f43, buf, 16384));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3533f43, buf, 16384));
 close(t3533f43);
@@ -1695,10 +1703,11 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3532f53, buf, 16384));
 close(t3519f43);
 close(t3532f53);
-int  t3492f57 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file54", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
+int t3492f57 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file54", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
+if (!checkpoint(70)) return -1;
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3492f57, buf, 39938));
 close(t3492f57);
-int  t3492f61 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file55", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
+int t3492f61 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file55", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3492f61, buf, 8192));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3492f61, buf, 8192));
 close(t3492f61);
@@ -1793,7 +1802,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 30, 28977951));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 48, 28977981));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 3292, 28975104)); // mmap2
-int  t3499f55 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f55 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f55, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3499f55);
 t3499f55 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0660));
@@ -1812,7 +1821,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f55, buf, 4, 16924));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f55, buf, 8, 17408));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f55));
-int  t3499f56 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f56 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f56));
 close(t3499f56);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f55, buf, 12, 0));
@@ -1820,14 +1829,14 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f55, buf, 28, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f55));
 close(t3499f55);
-int  t3505f55 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file31", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3505f55 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file31", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3505f55, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3505f55);
-int  t3519f55 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file57", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
+int t3519f55 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file57", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3519f55, buf, 16384));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3519f55, buf, 16384));
 close(t3519f55);
-int  t3532f55 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file58", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
+int t3532f55 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file58", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
 t3499f56 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f56, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3499f56);
@@ -1835,7 +1844,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3532f55, buf, 16384));
 close(t3532f55);
 t3499f55 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0660));
-int  t3505f56 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file59", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
+int t3505f56 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file59", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f55, buf, 512, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f55, buf, 4, 512));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f55, buf, 4096, 516));
@@ -1848,7 +1857,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f55, buf, 4, 12820));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f55, buf, 8, 13312));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f55));
-int  t3499f59 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f59 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f59));
 close(t3499f59);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f55, buf, 12, 0));
@@ -1856,11 +1865,11 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f55, buf, 28, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f55));
 close(t3499f55);
-int  t3533f55 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file60", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
+int t3533f55 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file60", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3533f55, buf, 16384));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3533f55, buf, 16384));
 close(t3533f55);
-int  t3499f58 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f58 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f58, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3499f58);
 t3499f58 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0660));
@@ -1928,6 +1937,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f55, buf, 4, 512));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f55, buf, 4096, 516));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f55, buf, 4, 4612));
+if (!checkpoint(73)) return -1;
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f55, buf, 4, 4616));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f55, buf, 4096, 4620));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f55, buf, 4, 8716));
@@ -2026,7 +2036,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3505f56, buf, 4, 12824));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3505f56, buf, 4096, 12828));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3505f56, buf, 4, 16924));
-int  t3499f62 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f62 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f62, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3499f62);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3505f56, buf, 4, 16928));
@@ -2048,7 +2058,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f62, buf, 4, 12820));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f62, buf, 8, 13312));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f62));
-int  t3499f68 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f68 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f68));
 close(t3499f68);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f62, buf, 12, 0));
@@ -2058,7 +2068,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f62, buf, 28, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f62));
 close(t3499f62);
-int  t3505f62 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3505f62 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3505f62));
 close(t3505f62);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3505f56, buf, 12, 0));
@@ -2069,11 +2079,11 @@
 t3505f56 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file31", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3505f56, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3505f56);
-int  t3533f56 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file61", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
+int t3533f56 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file61", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3533f56, buf, 16384));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3533f56, buf, 16384));
 close(t3533f56);
-int  t3532f56 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file62", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
+int t3532f56 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file62", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3532f56, buf, 16384));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3532f56, buf, 16384));
 close(t3532f56);
@@ -2130,7 +2140,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 30, 29935078));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 50, 29935108));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 1983, 29933568)); // mmap2
-int  t3499f66 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f66 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f66, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3499f66);
 t3499f66 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0660));
@@ -2142,7 +2152,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f66, buf, 4096, 4620));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f66, buf, 4, 8716));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 30, 36467015));
-int  t3532f68 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file64", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
+int t3532f68 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file64", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 41, 36467045));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f66, buf, 4, 8720));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f66, buf, 4096, 8724));
@@ -2152,13 +2162,14 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f66));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3532f68, buf, 16384));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3532f68, buf, 16384));
-int  t3499f73 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f73 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3532f68, buf, 16384));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f73));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 30, 34267550));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 49, 34267580));
 close(t3499f73);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f66, buf, 12, 0));
+if (!checkpoint(76)) return -1;
 close(t3532f68);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f66));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 722, 34267136)); // mmap2
@@ -2180,11 +2191,11 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 30, 35513539));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 37, 35513569));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 1673, 35512320)); // mmap2
-int  t3532f61 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file65", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
+int t3532f61 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file65", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3532f61, buf, 16384));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3532f61, buf, 16384));
 close(t3532f61);
-int  t3533f61 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file66", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
+int t3533f61 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file66", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3533f61, buf, 16384));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3533f61, buf, 16384));
 close(t3533f61);
@@ -2212,7 +2223,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f62, buf, 4, 12820));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f62, buf, 8, 13312));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f62));
-int  t3499f61 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f61 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f61));
 close(t3499f61);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f62, buf, 12, 0));
@@ -2228,11 +2239,11 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3533f61, buf, 16384));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3533f61, buf, 16384));
 close(t3533f61);
-int  t3519f61 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file71", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
+int t3519f61 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file71", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3519f61, buf, 16384));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3519f61, buf, 16384));
 close(t3519f61);
-int  t3499f80 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f80 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f80, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3499f80);
 t3499f80 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0660));
@@ -2248,7 +2259,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f80, buf, 4, 12820));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f80, buf, 8, 13312));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f80));
-int  t3499f81 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f81 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f81));
 close(t3499f81);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f80, buf, 12, 0));
@@ -2283,7 +2294,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 30, 34957756));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 29, 34957786));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 3273, 34955264)); // mmap2
-int  t3519f68 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file72", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3519f68 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file72", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC));
 close(t3519f68);
 t3519f68 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file73", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC));
 close(t3519f68);
@@ -2305,7 +2316,7 @@
 close(t3519f68);
 t3519f68 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file82", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC));
 close(t3519f68);
-int  t3519f70 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file83", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3519f70 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file83", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC));
 close(t3519f70);
 t3519f68 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file84", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC));
 close(t3519f68);
@@ -2330,12 +2341,12 @@
 t3519f70 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file94", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC));
 close(t3519f70);
 t3519f70 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file95", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC));
-int  t3492f72 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file31", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3492f72 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file31", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3492f72, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3492f72);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3492f31, buf, 16, 24));
 close(t3519f70);
-int  t3492f70 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file31", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3492f70 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file31", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3492f70, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3492f70);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3492f31, buf, 16, 24));
@@ -2367,15 +2378,15 @@
 close(t3519f68);
 t3519f68 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file109", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC));
 close(t3519f68);
-int  t3519f72 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file110", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3519f72 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file110", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC));
 close(t3519f72);
-int  t3519f80 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file111", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3519f80 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file111", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC));
 close(t3519f80);
-int  t3519f81 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file112", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3519f81 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file112", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC));
 close(t3519f81);
 t3519f81 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file113", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC));
 close(t3519f81);
-int  t3519f76 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file114", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3519f76 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file114", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC));
 close(t3519f76);
 t3519f70 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file115", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC));
 close(t3519f70);
@@ -2383,7 +2394,7 @@
 close(t3519f70);
 t3519f70 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file117", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC));
 close(t3519f70);
-int  t3519f67 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file118", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3519f67 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file118", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC));
 close(t3519f67);
 t3519f67 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file119", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC));
 close(t3519f67);
@@ -2396,6 +2407,7 @@
 t3519f67 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file123", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC));
 close(t3519f67);
 t3519f67 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file124", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC));
+if (!checkpoint(79)) return -1;
 close(t3519f67);
 t3519f67 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file125", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC));
 close(t3519f67);
@@ -2405,8 +2417,8 @@
 close(t3519f67);
 t3519f70 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file128", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
 close(t3519f70);
-int  t3526f70 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file129", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
-int  t3519f75 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file128", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
+int t3526f70 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file129", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
+int t3519f75 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file128", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
 close(t3526f70);
 t3526f70 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file129", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(t3519f75, buf, 2991));
@@ -2415,7 +2427,7 @@
 close(t3526f70);
 t3519f67 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file130", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3519f67, buf, 16384));
-int  t3499f72 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f72 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f72, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3499f72);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3519f67, buf, 16384));
@@ -2433,7 +2445,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f72, buf, 4, 12820));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f72, buf, 8, 13312));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f72));
-int  t3499f67 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f67 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f67));
 close(t3499f67);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f72, buf, 12, 0));
@@ -2446,7 +2458,7 @@
 t3526f70 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file131", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(t3526f70, buf, 4622));
 close(t3526f70);
-int  t3526f72 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file132", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
+int t3526f72 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file132", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
 close(t3526f72);
 t3526f72 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file132", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(t3526f72, buf, 16384));
@@ -2454,10 +2466,10 @@
 close(t3526f72);
 t3526f70 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file133", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
 close(t3526f70);
-int  t3526f75 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file133", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
+int t3526f75 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file133", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(t3526f75, buf, 13332));
 close(t3526f75);
-int  t3495f70 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file31", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3495f70 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file31", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3495f70, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3495f70);
 t3495f70 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file31", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0660));
@@ -2473,7 +2485,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3495f70, buf, 4, 12820));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3495f70, buf, 8, 13312));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3495f70));
-int  t3495f75 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3495f75 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3495f75));
 close(t3495f75);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3495f70, buf, 12, 0));
@@ -2481,9 +2493,9 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3495f70, buf, 28, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3495f70));
 close(t3495f70);
-int  t3526f93 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file134", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
+int t3526f93 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file134", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
 close(t3526f93);
-int  t3526f88 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file134", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
+int t3526f88 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file134", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(t3526f88, buf, 15056));
 close(t3526f88);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 30, 34433108));
@@ -2511,7 +2523,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3495f75, buf, 4, 12820));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3495f75, buf, 8, 13312));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3495f75));
-int  t3495f86 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3495f86 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3495f86));
 close(t3495f86);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3495f75, buf, 12, 0));
@@ -2519,7 +2531,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3495f75, buf, 28, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3495f75));
 close(t3495f75);
-int  t3499f74 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f74 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f74, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3499f74);
 t3499f74 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0660));
@@ -2535,7 +2547,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f74, buf, 4, 12820));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f74, buf, 8, 13312));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f74));
-int  t3499f75 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f75 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f75));
 close(t3499f75);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f74, buf, 12, 0));
@@ -2543,18 +2555,18 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f74, buf, 28, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f74));
 close(t3499f74);
-int  t3526f64 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file135", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
+int t3526f64 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file135", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
 close(t3526f64);
 t3526f64 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file135", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(t3526f64, buf, 16384));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(t3526f64, buf, 4873));
 close(t3526f64);
-int  t3526f90 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file136", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
+int t3526f90 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file136", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
 close(t3526f90);
 t3526f90 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file136", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(t3526f90, buf, 4199));
 close(t3526f90);
-int  t3499f90 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f90 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f90, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3499f90);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 30, 35511105));
@@ -2579,7 +2591,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f90, buf, 4, 12820));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f90, buf, 8, 13312));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f90));
-int  t3499f92 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f92 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f92));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 30, 35513993));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 34, 35514023));
@@ -2620,6 +2632,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f90, buf, 28, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f90));
 close(t3499f90);
+if (!checkpoint(82)) return -1;
 t3499f90 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f90, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3499f90);
@@ -2644,17 +2657,17 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f90, buf, 28, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f90));
 close(t3499f90);
-int  t3495f72 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file31", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3495f72 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file31", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3495f72, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3495f72);
-int  t3499f84 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f84 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f84, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3499f84);
 t3499f72 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0660));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f72, buf, 512, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f72, buf, 4, 512));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f72, buf, 4096, 516));
-int  t3495f84 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file31", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0660));
+int t3495f84 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file31", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0660));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f72, buf, 4, 4612));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f72, buf, 4, 4616));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f72, buf, 4096, 4620));
@@ -2667,7 +2680,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f72, buf, 8, 13312));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f72));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3495f84, buf, 4096, 516));
-int  t3499f88 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f88 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f88));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3495f84, buf, 4, 4612));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3495f84, buf, 4, 4616));
@@ -2683,7 +2696,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3495f84));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f72, buf, 28, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f72));
-int  t3495f88 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3495f88 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 30, 31156572));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 58, 31156602));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 3099, 31154176)); // mmap2
@@ -2698,7 +2711,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 30, 34907552));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 39, 34907582));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 2551, 34906112)); // mmap2
-int  t3495f66 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file31", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3495f66 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file31", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3495f66, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3495f66);
 t3495f66 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file31", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0660));
@@ -2738,7 +2751,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f66, buf, 4, 12820));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f66, buf, 8, 13312));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f66));
-int  t3499f70 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f70 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f70));
 close(t3499f70);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f66, buf, 12, 0));
@@ -2746,11 +2759,11 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f66, buf, 28, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f66));
 close(t3499f66);
-int  t3526f66 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file137", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
+int t3526f66 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file137", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3526f66, buf, 16384));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3526f66, buf, 16384));
 close(t3526f66);
-int  t3505f66 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file31", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3505f66 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file31", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3505f66, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3505f66);
 t3505f66 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file138", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
@@ -2786,7 +2799,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3495f70));
 close(t3495f70);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(t3505f66, buf, 10592));
-int  t3533f70 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file140", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
+int t3533f70 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file140", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
 close(t3533f70);
 t3533f70 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file140", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(t3533f70, buf, 4042));
@@ -2796,7 +2809,7 @@
 t3533f70 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file141", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
 close(t3533f70);
 t3526f70 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file142", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
-int  t3533f72 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file141", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
+int t3533f72 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file141", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
 close(t3526f70);
 t3526f70 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file142", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(t3526f70, buf, 5057));
@@ -2838,6 +2851,7 @@
 close(t3505f66);
 t3505f66 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file31", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0660));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3505f66, buf, 512, 0));
+if (!checkpoint(85)) return -1;
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3505f66, buf, 4, 512));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3505f66, buf, 4096, 516));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3505f66, buf, 4, 4612));
@@ -2858,7 +2872,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3505f66, buf, 4, 25132));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3505f66, buf, 8, 25600));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3505f66));
-int  t3505f70 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3505f70 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3505f70));
 close(t3505f70);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3505f66, buf, 12, 0));
@@ -2923,7 +2937,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 30, 34261624));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 49, 34261654));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 2993, 34258944)); // mmap2
-int  t3533f91 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file143", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
+int t3533f91 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file143", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
 close(t3533f91);
 t3533f91 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file143", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 30, 31210525));
@@ -2932,7 +2946,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 3673, 31207424)); // mmap2
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(t3533f91, buf, 2024));
 close(t3533f91);
-int  t3499f91 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f91 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f91, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3499f91);
 t3499f91 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0660));
@@ -2948,7 +2962,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f91, buf, 4, 12820));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f91, buf, 8, 13312));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f91));
-int  t3499f93 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f93 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f93));
 close(t3499f93);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f91, buf, 12, 0));
@@ -2956,7 +2970,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f91, buf, 28, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f91));
 close(t3499f91);
-int  t3505f84 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file31", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3505f84 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file31", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3505f84, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3505f84);
 t3505f84 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file31", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0660));
@@ -2972,7 +2986,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3505f84, buf, 4, 12820));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3505f84, buf, 8, 13312));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3505f84));
-int  t3505f90 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3505f90 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3505f90));
 close(t3505f90);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3505f84, buf, 12, 0));
@@ -2980,41 +2994,41 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3505f84, buf, 28, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3505f84));
 close(t3505f84);
-int  t3533f102 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file144", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
+int t3533f102 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file144", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
 close(t3533f102);
 t3533f72 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file144", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(t3533f72, buf, 5550));
 close(t3533f72);
-int  t3526f84 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file145", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
+int t3526f84 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file145", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
 close(t3526f84);
-int  t3526f101 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file145", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
+int t3526f101 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file145", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(t3526f101, buf, 3612));
 close(t3526f101);
 t3526f90 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file146", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
 close(t3526f90);
 t3526f90 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file146", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(t3526f90, buf, 5414));
-int  t3533f96 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file147", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
+int t3533f96 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file147", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
 close(t3533f96);
 t3533f96 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file147", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
 close(t3526f90);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(t3533f96, buf, 3834));
 close(t3533f96);
-int  t3519f90 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file148", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
+int t3519f90 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file148", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
 close(t3519f90);
 t3519f90 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file148", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(t3519f90, buf, 3461));
-int  t3526f96 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file149", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
+int t3526f96 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file149", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
 close(t3526f96);
 close(t3519f90);
 t3526f90 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file149", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(t3526f90, buf, 16384));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(t3526f90, buf, 12766));
 close(t3526f90);
-int  t3533f90 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file150", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
+int t3533f90 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file150", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
 close(t3533f90);
 t3533f90 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file150", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
-int  t3505f96 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file151", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0600));
+int t3505f96 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file151", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0600));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3505f96, buf, 100, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(t3533f90, buf, 10056));
 close(t3533f90);
@@ -3036,7 +3050,7 @@
 close(t3505f90);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3505f96, buf, 16, 24));
 t3505f90 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file152", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
-int  t3533f99 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file153", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
+int t3533f99 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file153", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
 close(t3533f99);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3505f90, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3505f90);
@@ -3046,7 +3060,7 @@
 close(t3533f90);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3505f96, buf, 4096, 16384));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3505f96, buf, 4096, 12288));
-int  t3505f99 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file152", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3505f99 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file152", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3505f99, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3505f99);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3505f96, buf, 16, 24));
@@ -3066,6 +3080,7 @@
 t3499f90 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f90, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3499f90);
+if (!checkpoint(88)) return -1;
 t3499f90 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0660));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f90, buf, 512, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f90, buf, 4, 512));
@@ -3079,7 +3094,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f90, buf, 4, 12820));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f90, buf, 8, 13312));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f90));
-int  t3499f97 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f97 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f97));
 close(t3499f97);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f90, buf, 12, 0));
@@ -3114,7 +3129,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 30, 34438470));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 63, 34438500));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 3681, 34435072)); // mmap2
-int  t3576f95 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file152", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3576f95 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file152", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3576f95, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3576f95);
 t3499f92 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
@@ -3136,7 +3151,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f92, buf, 4, 16924));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f92, buf, 8, 17408));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f92));
-int  t3499f95 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f95 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f95));
 close(t3499f95);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f92, buf, 12, 0));
@@ -3174,7 +3189,7 @@
 t3576f95 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file152", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3576f95, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3576f95);
-int  t3499f100 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f100 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f100, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3499f100);
 t3499f100 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0660));
@@ -3190,7 +3205,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f100, buf, 4, 12820));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f100, buf, 8, 13312));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f100));
-int  t3499f106 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f106 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f106));
 close(t3499f106);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f100, buf, 12, 0));
@@ -3217,7 +3232,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f100, buf, 4, 16924));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f100, buf, 8, 17408));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f100));
-int  t3499f105 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f105 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f105));
 close(t3499f105);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f100, buf, 12, 0));
@@ -3278,11 +3293,12 @@
 close(t3499f100);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 30, 35636928));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 60, 35636958));
+if (!checkpoint(91)) return -1;
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 2062, 35635200)); // mmap2
 t3499f84 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f84, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3499f84);
-int  t3499f27 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0660));
+int t3499f27 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0660));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f27, buf, 512, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f27, buf, 4, 512));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f27, buf, 4096, 516));
@@ -3360,9 +3376,9 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f92, buf, 28, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f92));
 close(t3499f92);
-int  t3545f92 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file154", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0600));
+int t3545f92 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file154", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0600));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3545f92, buf, 100, 0));
-int  t3545f97 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file155", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3545f97 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file155", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3545f97, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3545f97);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3545f92, buf, 4096, 0));
@@ -3392,7 +3408,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3545f97, buf, 8));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3545f97, buf, 1));
 close(t3545f97);
-int  t3545f100 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file155", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3545f100 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file155", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3545f100, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3545f100);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3545f92, buf, 16, 24));
@@ -3427,11 +3443,11 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3545f97, buf, 28, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3545f97));
 close(t3545f97);
-int  t3545f104 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file155", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3545f104 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file155", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3545f104, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3545f104);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3545f92, buf, 16, 24));
-int  t3545f29 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file155", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3545f29 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file155", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3545f29, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3545f29);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3545f92, buf, 16, 24));
@@ -3460,7 +3476,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3545f97, buf, 28, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3545f97));
 close(t3545f97);
-int  t3575f29 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file16", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0));
+int t3575f29 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file16", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(t3575f29, buf, 17344));
 close(t3575f29);
 t3545f97 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file155", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
@@ -3496,7 +3512,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3545f29, buf, 28, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3545f29));
 close(t3545f29);
-int  t3499f26 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f26 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f26, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3499f26);
 t3499f26 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0660));
@@ -3514,6 +3530,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f26));
 t3499f97 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f97));
+if (!checkpoint(93)) return -1;
 close(t3499f97);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f26, buf, 12, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f26));
@@ -3523,7 +3540,7 @@
 t3499f26 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f26, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3499f26);
-int  t3499f28 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0660));
+int t3499f28 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0660));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f28, buf, 512, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f28, buf, 4, 512));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f28, buf, 4096, 516));
@@ -3548,7 +3565,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3545f97, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3545f97);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3545f92, buf, 16, 24));
-int  t3545f90 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file155", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3545f90 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file155", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3545f90, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3545f90);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3545f92, buf, 16, 24));
@@ -3594,13 +3611,13 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3545f29, buf, 28, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3545f29));
 close(t3545f29);
-int  t3545f84 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file155", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3545f84 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file155", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3545f84, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3545f84);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3545f92, buf, 16, 24));
-int  t3584f84 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file157", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0600));
+int t3584f84 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file157", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0600));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3584f84, buf, 100, 0));
-int  t3584f90 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file158", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3584f90 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file158", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3584f90, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3584f90);
 t3545f90 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file155", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
@@ -3619,13 +3636,13 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3545f90, buf, 4, 8720));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3545f90, buf, 4096, 8724));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3545f90, buf, 4, 12820));
-int  t3584f99 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file158", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3584f99 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file158", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3545f90, buf, 8, 13312));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3545f90));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3584f99, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3584f99);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3584f84, buf, 16, 24));
-int  t3545f99 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3545f99 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3545f99));
 close(t3545f99);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3545f90, buf, 12, 0));
@@ -3637,16 +3654,16 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3545f90, buf, 28, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3545f90));
 close(t3545f90);
-int  t3584f29 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file158", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3584f29 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file158", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3584f29, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3584f29);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3584f84, buf, 16, 24));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3584f84, buf, 4096, 8192));
-int  t3584f27 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file158", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3584f27 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file158", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3584f27, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3584f27);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3584f84, buf, 16, 24));
-int  t3545f95 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file155", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3545f95 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file155", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 t3584f99 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file158", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3545f95, buf, 1, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3584f99, buf, 1, 0));
@@ -3665,7 +3682,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3545f99, buf, 4, 4616));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3545f99, buf, 4096, 4620));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3545f99, buf, 4, 8716));
-int  t3584f95 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file159", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
+int t3584f95 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file159", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3584f95, buf, 8));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3584f95, buf, 1));
 close(t3584f95);
@@ -3679,7 +3696,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3545f99, buf, 4, 16928));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3545f99, buf, 4096, 16932));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3545f99, buf, 4, 21028));
-int  t3584f101 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file158", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3584f101 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file158", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3584f101, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3584f101);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3584f84, buf, 16, 24));
@@ -3722,7 +3739,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3545f99, buf, 28, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3545f99));
 close(t3545f99);
-int  t3581f99 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file155", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3581f99 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file155", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3581f99, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3581f99);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3455f17, buf, 30, 34970937));
@@ -3760,6 +3777,7 @@
 t3526f90 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file162", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3526f90, buf, 16384));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3526f90, buf, 16384));
+if (!checkpoint(96)) return -1;
 close(t3526f90);
 t3526f90 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file163", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3526f90, buf, 16384));
@@ -3773,20 +3791,20 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3526f90, buf, 16384));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3526f90, buf, 16384));
 close(t3526f90);
-int  t3586f102 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file166", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3586f102 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file166", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC));
 close(t3586f102);
-int  t3586f97 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file167", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
+int t3586f97 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file167", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3586f97, buf, 8192));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3586f97, buf, 8192));
 close(t3586f97);
-int  t3587f95 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file168", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
+int t3587f95 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file168", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3587f95, buf, 16384));
 close(t3587f95);
 t3499f28 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f28, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3499f28);
-int  t3496f28 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file169", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
-int  t3499f103 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0660));
+int t3496f28 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file169", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_LARGEFILE, 0600));
+int t3499f103 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0660));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f103, buf, 512, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f103, buf, 4, 512));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f103, buf, 4096, 516));
@@ -3835,9 +3853,9 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f28, buf, 28, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f28));
 close(t3499f28);
-int  t3541f103 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file170", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0600));
+int t3541f103 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file170", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0600));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3541f103, buf, 100, 0));
-int  t3541f105 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file171", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3541f105 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file171", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3541f105, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3541f105);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3541f103, buf, 4096, 0));
@@ -3864,12 +3882,12 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3541f105, buf, 8));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3541f105, buf, 1));
 close(t3541f105);
-int  t3541f106 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file171", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3541f106 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file171", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3541f106, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3541f106);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3541f103, buf, 16, 24));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3541f103, buf, 4096, 20480));
-int  t3499f107 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f107 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f107, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3499f107);
 t3499f107 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0660));
@@ -3885,7 +3903,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f107, buf, 4, 12820));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f107, buf, 8, 13312));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f107));
-int  t3499f108 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3499f108 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file22", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f108));
 close(t3499f108);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f107, buf, 12, 0));
@@ -3917,16 +3935,16 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite(t3499f105, buf, 28, 0));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fdatasync(t3499f105));
 close(t3499f105);
-int  t3505f106 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file171", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3505f106 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file171", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3505f106, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3505f106);
-int  t3540f107 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file173", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0600));
+int t3540f107 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file173", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0600));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3540f107, buf, 100, 0));
-int  t3540f108 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file174", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3540f108 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file174", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3540f108, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3540f108);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3540f107, buf, 4096, 0));
-int  t3540f105 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file174", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3540f105 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file174", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3540f105, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3540f105);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3540f107, buf, 16, 24));
@@ -3949,7 +3967,7 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3540f105, buf, 8));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3540f105, buf, 1));
 close(t3540f105);
-int  t3540f106 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file174", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3540f106 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file174", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3540f106, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3540f106);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3540f107, buf, 16, 24));
@@ -3963,14 +3981,14 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3540f106, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3540f106);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3540f107, buf, 16, 24));
-int  t3496f105 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file176", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3496f105 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file176", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC));
 close(t3496f105);
 t3499f108 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file18", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3499f108, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3499f108);
-int  t3597f108 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file177", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0600));
+int t3597f108 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file177", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC, 0600));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3597f108, buf, 100, 0));
-int  t3597f109 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file178", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3597f109 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file178", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3597f109, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3597f109);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3597f108, buf, 4096, 0));
@@ -3987,27 +4005,28 @@
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3597f109, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3597f109);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3597f108, buf, 16, 24));
-int  t3540f109 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file179", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
+int t3540f109 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file179", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(t3540f109, buf, 4000));
-int  t3597f110 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file178", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3597f110 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file178", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3597f110, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3597f110);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3597f108, buf, 16, 24));
 close(t3540f109);
+if (!checkpoint(99)) return -1;
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3597f108, buf, 4096, 16384));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3597f108, buf, 4096, 12288));
 t3597f109 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file178", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3597f109, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3597f109);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3597f108, buf, 16, 24));
-int  t3597f111 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file178", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3597f111 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file178", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3597f111, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3597f111);
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3597f108, buf, 16, 24));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3597f108, buf, 4096, 24576));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3597f108, buf, 4096, 20480));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3597f108, buf, 4096, 57344));
-int  t3598f111 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file178", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
+int t3598f111 = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("file178", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC));
 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(t3598f111, buf, 1, 0));
 close(t3598f111);
 close(t3540f107);
@@ -4054,7 +4073,7 @@
     return OK;
 }
 
-static status_t BenchmarkCreate() {
+static status_t BenchmarkCreate(std::function<bool(int)> checkpoint) {
 status_t res = 0;
 res |= CreateFile("stub", 0);
 
@@ -4069,6 +4088,7 @@
 res |= CreateFile("file76", 0);
 res |= CreateFile("file140", 4042);
 res |= CreateFile("file80", 0);
+if (!checkpoint(3)) return -1;
 res |= CreateFile("file139", 49152);
 res |= CreateFile("file50", 32768);
 res |= CreateFile("file179", 4000);
@@ -4081,6 +4101,7 @@
 res |= CreateFile("file72", 0);
 res |= CreateFile("file55", 16384);
 res |= CreateFile("file54", 39938);
+if (!checkpoint(6)) return -1;
 res |= CreateFile("file129", 3974);
 res |= CreateFile("file107", 0);
 res |= CreateFile("file95", 0);
@@ -4093,6 +4114,7 @@
 res |= CreateFile("file40", 4172);
 res |= CreateFile("file20", 1);
 res |= CreateFile("file151", 499712);
+if (!checkpoint(10)) return -1;
 res |= CreateFile("file106", 0);
 res |= CreateFile("file159", 9);
 res |= CreateFile("file47", 32768);
@@ -4105,6 +4127,7 @@
 res |= CreateFile("file148", 3461);
 res |= CreateFile("file7", 794976);
 res |= CreateFile("file68", 32768);
+if (!checkpoint(13)) return -1;
 res |= CreateFile("file109", 0);
 res |= CreateFile("file142", 5057);
 res |= CreateFile("file147", 3834);
@@ -4117,6 +4140,7 @@
 res |= CreateFile("file79", 0);
 res |= CreateFile("file65", 32768);
 res |= CreateFile("file135", 21257);
+if (!checkpoint(16)) return -1;
 res |= CreateFile("file124", 0);
 res |= CreateFile("file87", 0);
 res |= CreateFile("file64", 49152);
@@ -4129,6 +4153,7 @@
 res |= CreateFile("file163", 32768);
 res |= CreateFile("file67", 32768);
 res |= CreateFile("file155", 21512);
+if (!checkpoint(20)) return -1;
 res |= CreateFile("file156", 9);
 res |= CreateFile("file23", 28700);
 res |= CreateFile("file61", 32768);
@@ -4141,6 +4166,7 @@
 res |= CreateFile("file57", 32768);
 res |= CreateFile("file104", 0);
 res |= CreateFile("file113", 0);
+if (!checkpoint(23)) return -1;
 res |= CreateFile("file99", 0);
 res |= CreateFile("file120", 0);
 res |= CreateFile("file154", 73728);
@@ -4153,6 +4179,7 @@
 res |= CreateFile("file91", 0);
 res |= CreateFile("file158", 1);
 res |= CreateFile("file174", 1);
+if (!checkpoint(26)) return -1;
 res |= CreateFile("file48", 32768);
 res |= CreateFile("file33", 32566);
 res |= CreateFile("file83", 0);
@@ -4165,6 +4192,7 @@
 res |= CreateFile("file164", 32768);
 res |= CreateFile("file36", 192544);
 res |= CreateFile("file6", 4636);
+if (!checkpoint(30)) return -1;
 res |= CreateFile("file10", 16484);
 res |= CreateFile("file150", 10056);
 res |= CreateFile("file62", 32768);
@@ -4177,6 +4205,7 @@
 res |= CreateFile("file103", 0);
 res |= CreateFile("file26", 28676);
 res |= CreateFile("file46", 32768);
+if (!checkpoint(33)) return -1;
 res |= CreateFile("file60", 32768);
 res |= CreateFile("file162", 32768);
 res |= CreateFile("file25", 32872);
@@ -4189,6 +4218,7 @@
 res |= CreateFile("file37", 159752);
 res |= CreateFile("file73", 0);
 res |= CreateFile("file71", 32768);
+if (!checkpoint(36)) return -1;
 res |= CreateFile("file98", 0);
 res |= CreateFile("file74", 0);
 res |= CreateFile("file93", 0);
@@ -4201,6 +4231,7 @@
 res |= CreateFile("file132", 23233);
 res |= CreateFile("file92", 0);
 res |= CreateFile("file11", 0);
+if (!checkpoint(40)) return -1;
 res |= CreateFile("file86", 0);
 res |= CreateFile("file22", 0);
 res |= CreateFile("file56", 16384);
@@ -4213,6 +4244,7 @@
 res |= CreateFile("file116", 0);
 res |= CreateFile("file29", 1035);
 res |= CreateFile("file35", 118788);
+if (!checkpoint(43)) return -1;
 res |= CreateFile("file170", 24576);
 res |= CreateFile("file30", 98304);
 res |= CreateFile("file14", 0);
@@ -4225,6 +4257,7 @@
 res |= CreateFile("file134", 15056);
 res |= CreateFile("file31", 25608);
 res |= CreateFile("file97", 0);
+if (!checkpoint(46)) return -1;
 res |= CreateFile("file84", 0);
 res |= CreateFile("file114", 0);
 res |= CreateFile("file88", 0);
@@ -4237,6 +4270,7 @@
 res |= CreateFile("file169", 11354);
 res |= CreateFile("file166", 0);
 res |= CreateFile("file49", 32768);
+if (!checkpoint(50)) return -1;
 res |= CreateFile("file177", 61440);
 
 return res;
diff --git a/CheckEncryption.cpp b/CheckEncryption.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffa3698
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CheckEncryption.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "CheckEncryption.h"
+#include "FileDeviceUtils.h"
+#include "Utils.h"
+#include "VolumeManager.h"
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+#include <cutils/iosched_policy.h>
+#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <sys/resource.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+using android::base::unique_fd;
+
+using android::base::ReadFileToString;
+using android::base::WriteStringToFile;
+
+namespace android {
+namespace vold {
+
+constexpr uint32_t max_extents = 32;
+constexpr size_t bytecount = 8;
+constexpr int repeats = 256;
+
+bool check_file(const std::string& needle) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "checkEncryption check_file: " << needle;
+    auto haystack = android::vold::BlockDeviceForPath(needle);
+    if (haystack.empty()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to find device for path: " << needle;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    std::string randombytes;
+    if (ReadRandomBytes(bytecount, randombytes) != 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read random bytes";
+        return false;
+    }
+    std::string randomhex;
+    StrToHex(randombytes, randomhex);
+    std::ostringstream os;
+    for (int i = 0; i < repeats; i++) os << randomhex;
+    auto towrite = os.str();
+
+    if (access(needle.c_str(), F_OK) == 0) {
+        if (unlink(needle.c_str()) != 0) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to unlink " << needle;
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "Writing to " << needle;
+    if (!WriteStringToFile(towrite, needle)) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to write " << needle;
+        return false;
+    }
+    sync();
+
+    unique_fd haystack_fd(open(haystack.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC));
+    if (haystack_fd.get() == -1) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open " << haystack;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    auto fiemap = PathFiemap(needle, max_extents);
+
+    std::string area;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < fiemap->fm_mapped_extents; i++) {
+        auto xt = &(fiemap->fm_extents[i]);
+        LOG(DEBUG) << "Extent " << i << " at " << xt->fe_physical << " length " << xt->fe_length;
+        if (lseek64(haystack_fd.get(), xt->fe_physical, SEEK_SET) == -1) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed lseek";
+            return false;
+        }
+        auto toread = xt->fe_length;
+        while (toread > 0) {
+            char buf[BUFSIZ];
+            size_t wlen =
+                static_cast<size_t>(std::min(static_cast<typeof(toread)>(sizeof(buf)), toread));
+            auto l = read(haystack_fd.get(), buf, wlen);
+            if (l < 1) {
+                PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed read";
+                if (errno != EINTR) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            area.append(buf, l);
+            toread -= l;
+        }
+    }
+
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "Searching " << area.size() << " bytes of " << needle;
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "First position of blob: " << area.find(randomhex);
+    return true;
+}
+
+int CheckEncryption(const std::string& path) {
+    auto deNeedle(path);
+    deNeedle += "/misc";
+    if (android::vold::PrepareDir(deNeedle, 01771, AID_SYSTEM, AID_MISC)) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    deNeedle += "/vold";
+    if (android::vold::PrepareDir(deNeedle, 0700, AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT)) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    deNeedle += "/checkEncryption";
+
+    auto neNeedle(path);
+    neNeedle += "/unencrypted/checkEncryption";
+
+    check_file(deNeedle);
+    check_file(neNeedle);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+}  // namespace vold
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/VoldCommand.h b/CheckEncryption.h
similarity index 62%
rename from VoldCommand.h
rename to CheckEncryption.h
index e435159..158d886 100644
--- a/VoldCommand.h
+++ b/CheckEncryption.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,15 +14,18 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _VOLD_COMMAND_H
-#define _VOLD_COMMAND_H
+#ifndef ANDROID_VOLD_CHECK_ENCRYPTION_H
+#define ANDROID_VOLD_CHECK_ENCRYPTION_H
 
-#include <sysutils/FrameworkCommand.h>
+#include <string>
 
-class VoldCommand : public FrameworkCommand {
-public:
-    explicit VoldCommand(const char *cmd);
-    virtual ~VoldCommand() {}
-};
+namespace android {
+namespace vold {
+
+/* Check encryption of private volume mounted at the given path */
+int CheckEncryption(const std::string& path);
+
+}  // namespace vold
+}  // namespace android
 
 #endif
diff --git a/CommandListener.cpp b/CommandListener.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 8da3f69..0000000
--- a/CommandListener.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,877 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <sys/mount.h>
-#include <sys/socket.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/wait.h>
-#include <netinet/in.h>
-#include <arpa/inet.h>
-#include <dirent.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <fs_mgr.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <inttypes.h>
-#include <ctype.h>
-
-#define LOG_TAG "VoldCmdListener"
-
-#include <android-base/logging.h>
-#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
-#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
-#include <cutils/fs.h>
-
-#include <sysutils/SocketClient.h>
-#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
-
-#include "CommandListener.h"
-#include "VolumeManager.h"
-#include "VolumeBase.h"
-#include "ResponseCode.h"
-#include "Process.h"
-#include "Loop.h"
-#include "Devmapper.h"
-#include "MoveTask.h"
-#include "TrimTask.h"
-
-#define DUMP_ARGS 0
-#define DEBUG_APPFUSE 0
-
-using android::base::unique_fd;
-
-CommandListener::CommandListener() :
-                 FrameworkListener("vold", true) {
-    registerCmd(new DumpCmd());
-    registerCmd(new VolumeCmd());
-    registerCmd(new AsecCmd());
-    registerCmd(new ObbCmd());
-    registerCmd(new StorageCmd());
-    registerCmd(new FstrimCmd());
-    registerCmd(new AppFuseCmd());
-}
-
-#if DUMP_ARGS
-void CommandListener::dumpArgs(int argc, char **argv, int argObscure) {
-    char buffer[4096];
-    char *p = buffer;
-
-    memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
-    int i;
-    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
-        unsigned int len = strlen(argv[i]) + 1; // Account for space
-        if (i == argObscure) {
-            len += 2; // Account for {}
-        }
-        if (((p - buffer) + len) < (sizeof(buffer)-1)) {
-            if (i == argObscure) {
-                *p++ = '{';
-                *p++ = '}';
-                *p++ = ' ';
-                continue;
-            }
-            strcpy(p, argv[i]);
-            p+= strlen(argv[i]);
-            if (i != (argc -1)) {
-                *p++ = ' ';
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    SLOGD("%s", buffer);
-}
-#else
-void CommandListener::dumpArgs(int /*argc*/, char ** /*argv*/, int /*argObscure*/) { }
-#endif
-
-int CommandListener::sendGenericOkFail(SocketClient *cli, int cond) {
-    if (!cond) {
-        return cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandOkay, "Command succeeded", false);
-    } else {
-        return cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::OperationFailed, "Command failed", false);
-    }
-}
-
-CommandListener::DumpCmd::DumpCmd() :
-                 VoldCommand("dump") {
-}
-
-int CommandListener::DumpCmd::runCommand(SocketClient *cli,
-                                         int /*argc*/, char ** /*argv*/) {
-    cli->sendMsg(0, "Dumping loop status", false);
-    if (Loop::dumpState(cli)) {
-        cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandOkay, "Loop dump failed", true);
-    }
-    cli->sendMsg(0, "Dumping DM status", false);
-    if (Devmapper::dumpState(cli)) {
-        cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandOkay, "Devmapper dump failed", true);
-    }
-    cli->sendMsg(0, "Dumping mounted filesystems", false);
-    FILE *fp = fopen("/proc/mounts", "re");
-    if (fp) {
-        char line[1024];
-        while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), fp)) {
-            line[strlen(line)-1] = '\0';
-            cli->sendMsg(0, line, false);;
-        }
-        fclose(fp);
-    }
-
-    cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandOkay, "dump complete", false);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-CommandListener::VolumeCmd::VolumeCmd() :
-                 VoldCommand("volume") {
-}
-
-int CommandListener::VolumeCmd::runCommand(SocketClient *cli,
-                                           int argc, char **argv) {
-    dumpArgs(argc, argv, -1);
-
-    if (argc < 2) {
-        cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError, "Missing Argument", false);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    VolumeManager *vm = VolumeManager::Instance();
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(vm->getLock());
-
-    // TODO: tease out methods not directly related to volumes
-
-    std::string cmd(argv[1]);
-    if (cmd == "reset") {
-        return sendGenericOkFail(cli, vm->reset());
-
-    } else if (cmd == "shutdown") {
-        return sendGenericOkFail(cli, vm->shutdown());
-
-    } else if (cmd == "debug") {
-        return sendGenericOkFail(cli, vm->setDebug(true));
-
-    } else if (cmd == "partition" && argc > 3) {
-        // partition [diskId] [public|private|mixed] [ratio]
-        std::string id(argv[2]);
-        auto disk = vm->findDisk(id);
-        if (disk == nullptr) {
-            return cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError, "Unknown disk", false);
-        }
-
-        std::string type(argv[3]);
-        if (type == "public") {
-            return sendGenericOkFail(cli, disk->partitionPublic());
-        } else if (type == "private") {
-            return sendGenericOkFail(cli, disk->partitionPrivate());
-        } else if (type == "mixed") {
-            if (argc < 4) {
-                return cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError, nullptr, false);
-            }
-            int frac = atoi(argv[4]);
-            return sendGenericOkFail(cli, disk->partitionMixed(frac));
-        } else {
-            return cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError, nullptr, false);
-        }
-
-    } else if (cmd == "mkdirs" && argc > 2) {
-        // mkdirs [path]
-        return sendGenericOkFail(cli, vm->mkdirs(argv[2]));
-
-    } else if (cmd == "user_added" && argc > 3) {
-        // user_added [user] [serial]
-        return sendGenericOkFail(cli, vm->onUserAdded(atoi(argv[2]), atoi(argv[3])));
-
-    } else if (cmd == "user_removed" && argc > 2) {
-        // user_removed [user]
-        return sendGenericOkFail(cli, vm->onUserRemoved(atoi(argv[2])));
-
-    } else if (cmd == "user_started" && argc > 2) {
-        // user_started [user]
-        return sendGenericOkFail(cli, vm->onUserStarted(atoi(argv[2])));
-
-    } else if (cmd == "user_stopped" && argc > 2) {
-        // user_stopped [user]
-        return sendGenericOkFail(cli, vm->onUserStopped(atoi(argv[2])));
-
-    } else if (cmd == "mount" && argc > 2) {
-        // mount [volId] [flags] [user]
-        std::string id(argv[2]);
-        auto vol = vm->findVolume(id);
-        if (vol == nullptr) {
-            return cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError, "Unknown volume", false);
-        }
-
-        int mountFlags = (argc > 3) ? atoi(argv[3]) : 0;
-        userid_t mountUserId = (argc > 4) ? atoi(argv[4]) : -1;
-
-        vol->setMountFlags(mountFlags);
-        vol->setMountUserId(mountUserId);
-
-        int res = vol->mount();
-        if (mountFlags & android::vold::VolumeBase::MountFlags::kPrimary) {
-            vm->setPrimary(vol);
-        }
-        return sendGenericOkFail(cli, res);
-
-    } else if (cmd == "unmount" && argc > 2) {
-        // unmount [volId]
-        std::string id(argv[2]);
-        auto vol = vm->findVolume(id);
-        if (vol == nullptr) {
-            return cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError, "Unknown volume", false);
-        }
-
-        return sendGenericOkFail(cli, vol->unmount());
-
-    } else if (cmd == "format" && argc > 3) {
-        // format [volId] [fsType|auto]
-        std::string id(argv[2]);
-        std::string fsType(argv[3]);
-        auto vol = vm->findVolume(id);
-        if (vol == nullptr) {
-            return cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError, "Unknown volume", false);
-        }
-
-        return sendGenericOkFail(cli, vol->format(fsType));
-
-    } else if (cmd == "move_storage" && argc > 3) {
-        // move_storage [fromVolId] [toVolId]
-        auto fromVol = vm->findVolume(std::string(argv[2]));
-        auto toVol = vm->findVolume(std::string(argv[3]));
-        if (fromVol == nullptr || toVol == nullptr) {
-            return cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError, "Unknown volume", false);
-        }
-
-        (new android::vold::MoveTask(fromVol, toVol))->start();
-        return sendGenericOkFail(cli, 0);
-
-    } else if (cmd == "benchmark" && argc > 2) {
-        // benchmark [volId]
-        std::string id(argv[2]);
-        nsecs_t res = vm->benchmarkPrivate(id);
-        return cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandOkay,
-                android::base::StringPrintf("%" PRId64, res).c_str(), false);
-
-    } else if (cmd == "forget_partition" && argc > 2) {
-        // forget_partition [partGuid]
-        std::string partGuid(argv[2]);
-        return sendGenericOkFail(cli, vm->forgetPartition(partGuid));
-
-    } else if (cmd == "remount_uid" && argc > 3) {
-        // remount_uid [uid] [none|default|read|write]
-        uid_t uid = atoi(argv[2]);
-        std::string mode(argv[3]);
-        return sendGenericOkFail(cli, vm->remountUid(uid, mode));
-    }
-
-    return cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError, nullptr, false);
-}
-
-CommandListener::StorageCmd::StorageCmd() :
-                 VoldCommand("storage") {
-}
-
-int CommandListener::StorageCmd::runCommand(SocketClient *cli,
-                                                      int argc, char **argv) {
-    /* Guarantied to be initialized by vold's main() before the CommandListener is active */
-    extern struct fstab *fstab;
-
-    dumpArgs(argc, argv, -1);
-
-    if (argc < 2) {
-        cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError, "Missing Argument", false);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    if (!strcmp(argv[1], "mountall")) {
-        if (argc != 2) {
-            cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError, "Usage: mountall", false);
-            return 0;
-        }
-        fs_mgr_mount_all(fstab, MOUNT_MODE_DEFAULT);
-        cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandOkay, "Mountall ran successfully", false);
-        return 0;
-    }
-    if (!strcmp(argv[1], "users")) {
-        DIR *dir;
-        struct dirent *de;
-
-        if (argc < 3) {
-            cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError, "Missing Argument: user <mountpoint>", false);
-            return 0;
-        }
-        if (!(dir = opendir("/proc"))) {
-            cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::OperationFailed, "Failed to open /proc", true);
-            return 0;
-        }
-
-        while ((de = readdir(dir))) {
-            int pid = Process::getPid(de->d_name);
-
-            if (pid < 0) {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            std::string processName;
-            Process::getProcessName(pid, processName);
-
-            if (Process::checkFileDescriptorSymLinks(pid, argv[2]) ||
-                Process::checkFileMaps(pid, argv[2]) ||
-                Process::checkSymLink(pid, argv[2], "cwd") ||
-                Process::checkSymLink(pid, argv[2], "root") ||
-                Process::checkSymLink(pid, argv[2], "exe")) {
-
-                char msg[1024];
-                snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "%d %s", pid, processName.c_str());
-                cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::StorageUsersListResult, msg, false);
-            }
-        }
-        closedir(dir);
-        cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandOkay, "Storage user list complete", false);
-    } else {
-        cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError, "Unknown storage cmd", false);
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-CommandListener::AsecCmd::AsecCmd() :
-                 VoldCommand("asec") {
-}
-
-void CommandListener::AsecCmd::listAsecsInDirectory(SocketClient *cli, const char *directory) {
-    DIR *d = opendir(directory);
-
-    if (!d) {
-        cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::OperationFailed, "Failed to open asec dir", true);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    dirent* dent;
-    while ((dent = readdir(d)) != NULL) {
-        if (dent->d_name[0] == '.')
-            continue;
-        if (dent->d_type != DT_REG)
-            continue;
-        size_t name_len = strlen(dent->d_name);
-        if (name_len > 5 && name_len < 260 &&
-                !strcmp(&dent->d_name[name_len - 5], ".asec")) {
-            char id[255];
-            memset(id, 0, sizeof(id));
-            strlcpy(id, dent->d_name, name_len - 4);
-            cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::AsecListResult, id, false);
-        }
-    }
-    closedir(d);
-}
-
-int CommandListener::AsecCmd::runCommand(SocketClient *cli,
-                                                      int argc, char **argv) {
-    if (argc < 2) {
-        cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError, "Missing Argument", false);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    VolumeManager *vm = VolumeManager::Instance();
-    int rc = 0;
-
-    if (!strcmp(argv[1], "list")) {
-        dumpArgs(argc, argv, -1);
-
-        listAsecsInDirectory(cli, VolumeManager::SEC_ASECDIR_EXT);
-        listAsecsInDirectory(cli, VolumeManager::SEC_ASECDIR_INT);
-    } else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "create")) {
-        dumpArgs(argc, argv, 5);
-        if (argc != 8) {
-            cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError,
-                    "Usage: asec create <container-id> <size_mb> <fstype> <key> <ownerUid> "
-                    "<isExternal>", false);
-            return 0;
-        }
-
-        unsigned long numSectors = (atoi(argv[3]) * (1024 * 1024)) / 512;
-        const bool isExternal = (atoi(argv[7]) == 1);
-        rc = vm->createAsec(argv[2], numSectors, argv[4], argv[5], atoi(argv[6]), isExternal);
-    } else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "resize")) {
-        dumpArgs(argc, argv, -1);
-        if (argc != 5) {
-            cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError, "Usage: asec resize <container-id> <size_mb> <key>", false);
-            return 0;
-        }
-        unsigned long numSectors = (atoi(argv[3]) * (1024 * 1024)) / 512;
-        rc = vm->resizeAsec(argv[2], numSectors, argv[4]);
-    } else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "finalize")) {
-        dumpArgs(argc, argv, -1);
-        if (argc != 3) {
-            cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError, "Usage: asec finalize <container-id>", false);
-            return 0;
-        }
-        rc = vm->finalizeAsec(argv[2]);
-    } else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "fixperms")) {
-        dumpArgs(argc, argv, -1);
-        if  (argc != 5) {
-            cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError, "Usage: asec fixperms <container-id> <gid> <filename>", false);
-            return 0;
-        }
-
-        char *endptr;
-        gid_t gid = (gid_t) strtoul(argv[3], &endptr, 10);
-        if (*endptr != '\0') {
-            cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError, "Usage: asec fixperms <container-id> <gid> <filename>", false);
-            return 0;
-        }
-
-        rc = vm->fixupAsecPermissions(argv[2], gid, argv[4]);
-    } else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "destroy")) {
-        dumpArgs(argc, argv, -1);
-        if (argc < 3) {
-            cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError, "Usage: asec destroy <container-id> [force]", false);
-            return 0;
-        }
-        bool force = false;
-        if (argc > 3 && !strcmp(argv[3], "force")) {
-            force = true;
-        }
-        rc = vm->destroyAsec(argv[2], force);
-    } else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "mount")) {
-        dumpArgs(argc, argv, 3);
-        if (argc != 6) {
-            cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError,
-                    "Usage: asec mount <namespace-id> <key> <ownerUid> <ro|rw>", false);
-            return 0;
-        }
-        bool readOnly = true;
-        if (!strcmp(argv[5], "rw")) {
-            readOnly = false;
-        }
-        rc = vm->mountAsec(argv[2], argv[3], atoi(argv[4]), readOnly);
-    } else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "unmount")) {
-        dumpArgs(argc, argv, -1);
-        if (argc < 3) {
-            cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError, "Usage: asec unmount <container-id> [force]", false);
-            return 0;
-        }
-        bool force = false;
-        if (argc > 3 && !strcmp(argv[3], "force")) {
-            force = true;
-        }
-        rc = vm->unmountAsec(argv[2], force);
-    } else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "rename")) {
-        dumpArgs(argc, argv, -1);
-        if (argc != 4) {
-            cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError,
-                    "Usage: asec rename <old_id> <new_id>", false);
-            return 0;
-        }
-        rc = vm->renameAsec(argv[2], argv[3]);
-    } else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "path")) {
-        dumpArgs(argc, argv, -1);
-        if (argc != 3) {
-            cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError, "Usage: asec path <container-id>", false);
-            return 0;
-        }
-        char path[255];
-
-        if (!(rc = vm->getAsecMountPath(argv[2], path, sizeof(path)))) {
-            cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::AsecPathResult, path, false);
-            return 0;
-        }
-    } else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "fspath")) {
-        dumpArgs(argc, argv, -1);
-        if (argc != 3) {
-            cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError, "Usage: asec fspath <container-id>", false);
-            return 0;
-        }
-        char path[255];
-
-        if (!(rc = vm->getAsecFilesystemPath(argv[2], path, sizeof(path)))) {
-            cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::AsecPathResult, path, false);
-            return 0;
-        }
-    } else {
-        dumpArgs(argc, argv, -1);
-        cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError, "Unknown asec cmd", false);
-    }
-
-    if (!rc) {
-        cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandOkay, "asec operation succeeded", false);
-    } else {
-        rc = ResponseCode::convertFromErrno();
-        cli->sendMsg(rc, "asec operation failed", true);
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-CommandListener::ObbCmd::ObbCmd() :
-                 VoldCommand("obb") {
-}
-
-int CommandListener::ObbCmd::runCommand(SocketClient *cli,
-                                                      int argc, char **argv) {
-    if (argc < 2) {
-        cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError, "Missing Argument", false);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    VolumeManager *vm = VolumeManager::Instance();
-    int rc = 0;
-
-    if (!strcmp(argv[1], "list")) {
-        dumpArgs(argc, argv, -1);
-
-        rc = vm->listMountedObbs(cli);
-    } else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "mount")) {
-            dumpArgs(argc, argv, 3);
-            if (argc != 5) {
-                cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError,
-                        "Usage: obb mount <filename> <key> <ownerGid>", false);
-                return 0;
-            }
-            rc = vm->mountObb(argv[2], argv[3], atoi(argv[4]));
-    } else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "unmount")) {
-        dumpArgs(argc, argv, -1);
-        if (argc < 3) {
-            cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError, "Usage: obb unmount <source file> [force]", false);
-            return 0;
-        }
-        bool force = false;
-        if (argc > 3 && !strcmp(argv[3], "force")) {
-            force = true;
-        }
-        rc = vm->unmountObb(argv[2], force);
-    } else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "path")) {
-        dumpArgs(argc, argv, -1);
-        if (argc != 3) {
-            cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError, "Usage: obb path <source file>", false);
-            return 0;
-        }
-        char path[255];
-
-        if (!(rc = vm->getObbMountPath(argv[2], path, sizeof(path)))) {
-            cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::AsecPathResult, path, false);
-            return 0;
-        }
-    } else {
-        dumpArgs(argc, argv, -1);
-        cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError, "Unknown obb cmd", false);
-    }
-
-    if (!rc) {
-        cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandOkay, "obb operation succeeded", false);
-    } else {
-        rc = ResponseCode::convertFromErrno();
-        cli->sendMsg(rc, "obb operation failed", true);
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-CommandListener::FstrimCmd::FstrimCmd() :
-                 VoldCommand("fstrim") {
-}
-int CommandListener::FstrimCmd::runCommand(SocketClient *cli,
-                                                      int argc, char **argv) {
-    if ((cli->getUid() != 0) && (cli->getUid() != AID_SYSTEM)) {
-        cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandNoPermission, "No permission to run fstrim commands", false);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    if (argc < 2) {
-        cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError, "Missing Argument", false);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    VolumeManager *vm = VolumeManager::Instance();
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(vm->getLock());
-
-    int flags = 0;
-
-    std::string cmd(argv[1]);
-    if (cmd == "dotrim") {
-        flags = 0;
-    } else if (cmd == "dotrimbench") {
-        flags = android::vold::TrimTask::Flags::kBenchmarkAfter;
-    } else if (cmd == "dodtrim") {
-        flags = android::vold::TrimTask::Flags::kDeepTrim;
-    } else if (cmd == "dodtrimbench") {
-        flags = android::vold::TrimTask::Flags::kDeepTrim
-                | android::vold::TrimTask::Flags::kBenchmarkAfter;
-    }
-
-    (new android::vold::TrimTask(flags))->start();
-    return sendGenericOkFail(cli, 0);
-}
-
-static size_t kAppFuseMaxMountPointName = 32;
-
-static android::status_t getMountPath(uid_t uid, const std::string& name, std::string* path) {
-    if (name.size() > kAppFuseMaxMountPointName) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "AppFuse mount name is too long.";
-        return -EINVAL;
-    }
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < name.size(); i++) {
-        if (!isalnum(name[i])) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << "AppFuse mount name contains invalid character.";
-            return -EINVAL;
-        }
-    }
-    *path = android::base::StringPrintf("/mnt/appfuse/%d_%s", uid, name.c_str());
-    return android::OK;
-}
-
-static android::status_t mountInNamespace(uid_t uid, int device_fd, const std::string& path) {
-    // Remove existing mount.
-    android::vold::ForceUnmount(path);
-
-    const auto opts = android::base::StringPrintf(
-            "fd=%i,"
-            "rootmode=40000,"
-            "default_permissions,"
-            "allow_other,"
-            "user_id=%d,group_id=%d,"
-            "context=\"u:object_r:app_fuse_file:s0\","
-            "fscontext=u:object_r:app_fusefs:s0",
-            device_fd,
-            uid,
-            uid);
-
-    const int result = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(mount(
-            "/dev/fuse", path.c_str(), "fuse",
-            MS_NOSUID | MS_NODEV | MS_NOEXEC | MS_NOATIME, opts.c_str()));
-    if (result != 0) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to mount " << path;
-        return -errno;
-    }
-
-    return android::OK;
-}
-
-static android::status_t runCommandInNamespace(const std::string& command,
-                                               uid_t uid,
-                                               pid_t pid,
-                                               const std::string& path,
-                                               int device_fd) {
-    if (DEBUG_APPFUSE) {
-        LOG(DEBUG) << "Run app fuse command " << command << " for the path " << path
-                   << " in namespace " << uid;
-    }
-
-    unique_fd dir(open("/proc", O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC));
-    if (dir.get() == -1) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open /proc";
-        return -errno;
-    }
-
-    // Obtains process file descriptor.
-    const std::string pid_str = android::base::StringPrintf("%d", pid);
-    const unique_fd pid_fd(
-            openat(dir.get(), pid_str.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC));
-    if (pid_fd.get() == -1) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open /proc/" << pid;
-        return -errno;
-    }
-
-    // Check UID of process.
-    {
-        struct stat sb;
-        const int result = fstat(pid_fd.get(), &sb);
-        if (result == -1) {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to stat /proc/" << pid;
-            return -errno;
-        }
-        if (sb.st_uid != AID_SYSTEM) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << "Only system can mount appfuse. UID expected=" << AID_SYSTEM
-                    << ", actual=" << sb.st_uid;
-            return -EPERM;
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Matches so far, but refuse to touch if in root namespace
-    {
-        char rootName[PATH_MAX];
-        char pidName[PATH_MAX];
-        const int root_result =
-                android::vold::SaneReadLinkAt(dir.get(), "1/ns/mnt", rootName, PATH_MAX);
-        const int pid_result =
-                android::vold::SaneReadLinkAt(pid_fd.get(), "ns/mnt", pidName, PATH_MAX);
-        if (root_result == -1) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to readlink for /proc/1/ns/mnt";
-            return -EPERM;
-        }
-        if (pid_result == -1) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to readlink for /proc/" << pid << "/ns/mnt";
-            return -EPERM;
-        }
-        if (!strcmp(rootName, pidName)) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << "Don't mount appfuse in root namespace";
-            return -EPERM;
-        }
-    }
-
-    // We purposefully leave the namespace open across the fork
-    unique_fd ns_fd(openat(pid_fd.get(), "ns/mnt", O_RDONLY)); // not O_CLOEXEC
-    if (ns_fd.get() < 0) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open namespace for /proc/" << pid << "/ns/mnt";
-        return -errno;
-    }
-
-    int child = fork();
-    if (child == 0) {
-        if (setns(ns_fd.get(), CLONE_NEWNS) != 0) {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to setns";
-            _exit(-errno);
-        }
-
-        if (command == "mount") {
-            _exit(mountInNamespace(uid, device_fd, path));
-        } else if (command == "unmount") {
-            // If it's just after all FD opened on mount point are closed, umount2 can fail with
-            // EBUSY. To avoid the case, specify MNT_DETACH.
-            if (umount2(path.c_str(), UMOUNT_NOFOLLOW | MNT_DETACH) != 0 &&
-                    errno != EINVAL && errno != ENOENT) {
-                PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to unmount directory.";
-                _exit(-errno);
-            }
-            if (rmdir(path.c_str()) != 0) {
-                PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to remove the mount directory.";
-                _exit(-errno);
-            }
-            _exit(android::OK);
-        } else {
-            LOG(ERROR) << "Unknown appfuse command " << command;
-            _exit(-EPERM);
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (child == -1) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to folk child process";
-        return -errno;
-    }
-
-    android::status_t status;
-    TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(waitpid(child, &status, 0));
-
-    return status;
-}
-
-CommandListener::AppFuseCmd::AppFuseCmd() : VoldCommand("appfuse") {}
-
-int CommandListener::AppFuseCmd::runCommand(SocketClient *cli, int argc, char **argv) {
-    if (argc < 2) {
-        cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError, "Missing argument", false);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    const std::string command(argv[1]);
-
-    if (command == "mount" && argc == 5) {
-        const uid_t uid = atoi(argv[2]);
-        const pid_t pid = atoi(argv[3]);
-        const std::string name(argv[4]);
-
-        // Check mount point name.
-        std::string path;
-        if (getMountPath(uid, name, &path) != android::OK) {
-            return cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandParameterError,
-                                "Invalid mount point name.",
-                                false);
-        }
-
-        // Create directories.
-        {
-            const android::status_t result = android::vold::PrepareDir(path, 0700, 0, 0);
-            if (result != android::OK) {
-                PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to prepare directory " << path;
-                return sendGenericOkFail(cli, result);
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Open device FD.
-        unique_fd device_fd(open("/dev/fuse", O_RDWR)); // not O_CLOEXEC
-        if (device_fd.get() == -1) {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open /dev/fuse";
-            return sendGenericOkFail(cli, -errno);
-        }
-
-        // Mount.
-        {
-            const android::status_t result =
-                    runCommandInNamespace(command, uid, pid, path, device_fd.get());
-            if (result != android::OK) {
-                return sendGenericOkFail(cli, result);
-            }
-        }
-
-        return sendFd(cli, device_fd.get());
-    } else if (command == "unmount" && argc == 5) {
-        const uid_t uid = atoi(argv[2]);
-        const uid_t pid = atoi(argv[3]);
-        const std::string name(argv[4]);
-
-        // Check mount point name.
-        std::string path;
-        if (getMountPath(uid, name, &path) != android::OK) {
-            return cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandParameterError,
-                                "Invalid mount point name.",
-                                false);
-        }
-
-        const android::status_t result =
-                runCommandInNamespace(command, uid, pid, path, -1 /* device_fd */);
-        return sendGenericOkFail(cli, result);
-    }
-
-    return cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError,  "Unknown appfuse cmd", false);
-}
-
-android::status_t CommandListener::AppFuseCmd::sendFd(SocketClient *cli, int fd) {
-    struct iovec data;
-    char dataBuffer[128];
-    char controlBuffer[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))];
-    struct msghdr message;
-
-    // Message.
-    memset(&message, 0, sizeof(struct msghdr));
-    message.msg_iov = &data;
-    message.msg_iovlen = 1;
-    message.msg_control = controlBuffer;
-    message.msg_controllen = CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int));
-
-    // Data.
-    data.iov_base = dataBuffer;
-    data.iov_len = snprintf(dataBuffer,
-                            sizeof(dataBuffer),
-                            "200 %d AppFuse command succeeded",
-                            cli->getCmdNum()) + 1;
-
-    // Control.
-    struct cmsghdr* const controlMessage = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&message);
-    memset(controlBuffer, 0, CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int)));
-    controlMessage->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
-    controlMessage->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
-    controlMessage->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int));
-    *((int *) CMSG_DATA(controlMessage)) = fd;
-
-    const int result = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(sendmsg(cli->getSocket(), &message, 0));
-    if (result == -1) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to send FD from vold";
-        return -errno;
-    }
-
-    return android::OK;
-}
diff --git a/CommandListener.h b/CommandListener.h
deleted file mode 100644
index f858ac0..0000000
--- a/CommandListener.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef _COMMANDLISTENER_H__
-#define _COMMANDLISTENER_H__
-
-#include <sysutils/FrameworkListener.h>
-#include <utils/Errors.h>
-#include "VoldCommand.h"
-
-class CommandListener : public FrameworkListener {
-public:
-    CommandListener();
-    virtual ~CommandListener() {}
-
-private:
-    static void dumpArgs(int argc, char **argv, int argObscure);
-    static int sendGenericOkFail(SocketClient *cli, int cond);
-
-    class DumpCmd : public VoldCommand {
-    public:
-        DumpCmd();
-        virtual ~DumpCmd() {}
-        int runCommand(SocketClient *c, int argc, char ** argv);
-    };
-
-    class VolumeCmd : public VoldCommand {
-    public:
-        VolumeCmd();
-        virtual ~VolumeCmd() {}
-        int runCommand(SocketClient *c, int argc, char ** argv);
-    };
-
-    class AsecCmd : public VoldCommand {
-    public:
-        AsecCmd();
-        virtual ~AsecCmd() {}
-        int runCommand(SocketClient *c, int argc, char ** argv);
-    private:
-        void listAsecsInDirectory(SocketClient *c, const char *directory);
-    };
-
-    class ObbCmd : public VoldCommand {
-    public:
-        ObbCmd();
-        virtual ~ObbCmd() {}
-        int runCommand(SocketClient *c, int argc, char ** argv);
-    };
-
-    class StorageCmd : public VoldCommand {
-    public:
-        StorageCmd();
-        virtual ~StorageCmd() {}
-        int runCommand(SocketClient *c, int argc, char ** argv);
-    };
-
-    class FstrimCmd : public VoldCommand {
-    public:
-        FstrimCmd();
-        virtual ~FstrimCmd() {}
-        int runCommand(SocketClient *c, int argc, char ** argv);
-    };
-
-    class AppFuseCmd : public VoldCommand {
-    public:
-        AppFuseCmd();
-        virtual ~AppFuseCmd() {}
-        int runCommand(SocketClient *c, int argc, char ** argv);
-    private:
-        android::status_t sendFd(SocketClient *c, int fd);
-    };
-};
-
-#endif
diff --git a/CryptCommandListener.cpp b/CryptCommandListener.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 779338f..0000000
--- a/CryptCommandListener.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,448 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <sys/socket.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <netinet/in.h>
-#include <arpa/inet.h>
-#include <dirent.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <fs_mgr.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <inttypes.h>
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <thread>
-
-#define LOG_TAG "VoldCryptCmdListener"
-
-#include <android-base/logging.h>
-#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
-
-#include <cutils/fs.h>
-#include <cutils/log.h>
-#include <cutils/sockets.h>
-
-#include <sysutils/SocketClient.h>
-#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
-
-#include "CryptCommandListener.h"
-#include "Process.h"
-#include "ResponseCode.h"
-#include "cryptfs.h"
-#include "Ext4Crypt.h"
-#include "MetadataCrypt.h"
-#include "Utils.h"
-
-#define DUMP_ARGS 0
-
-CryptCommandListener::CryptCommandListener() :
-FrameworkListener("cryptd", true) {
-    registerCmd(new CryptfsCmd());
-}
-
-#if DUMP_ARGS
-void CryptCommandListener::dumpArgs(int argc, char **argv, int argObscure) {
-    char buffer[4096];
-    char *p = buffer;
-
-    memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
-    int i;
-    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
-        unsigned int len = strlen(argv[i]) + 1; // Account for space
-        if (i == argObscure) {
-            len += 2; // Account for {}
-        }
-        if (((p - buffer) + len) < (sizeof(buffer)-1)) {
-            if (i == argObscure) {
-                *p++ = '{';
-                *p++ = '}';
-                *p++ = ' ';
-                continue;
-            }
-            strcpy(p, argv[i]);
-            p+= strlen(argv[i]);
-            if (i != (argc -1)) {
-                *p++ = ' ';
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    SLOGD("%s", buffer);
-}
-#else
-void CryptCommandListener::dumpArgs(int /*argc*/, char ** /*argv*/, int /*argObscure*/) { }
-#endif
-
-int CryptCommandListener::sendGenericOkFailOnBool(SocketClient *cli, bool success) {
-    if (success) {
-        return cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandOkay, "Command succeeded", false);
-    } else {
-        return cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::OperationFailed, "Command failed", false);
-    }
-}
-
-CryptCommandListener::CryptfsCmd::CryptfsCmd() :
-                 VoldCommand("cryptfs") {
-}
-
-static int getType(const char* type)
-{
-    if (!strcmp(type, "default")) {
-        return CRYPT_TYPE_DEFAULT;
-    } else if (!strcmp(type, "password")) {
-        return CRYPT_TYPE_PASSWORD;
-    } else if (!strcmp(type, "pin")) {
-        return CRYPT_TYPE_PIN;
-    } else if (!strcmp(type, "pattern")) {
-        return CRYPT_TYPE_PATTERN;
-    } else {
-        return -1;
-    }
-}
-
-static char* parseNull(char* arg) {
-    if (strcmp(arg, "!") == 0) {
-        return nullptr;
-    } else {
-        return arg;
-    }
-}
-
-static bool check_argc(SocketClient *cli, const std::string &subcommand, int argc,
-        int expected, std::string usage) {
-    assert(expected >= 2);
-    if (expected == 2) {
-        assert(usage.empty());
-    } else {
-        assert(!usage.empty());
-        assert(std::count(usage.begin(), usage.end(), ' ') + 3 == expected);
-    }
-    if (argc == expected) {
-        return true;
-    }
-    auto message = std::string() + "Usage: cryptfs " + subcommand;
-    if (!usage.empty()) {
-        message += " " + usage;
-    }
-    cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError, message.c_str(), false);
-    return false;
-}
-
-static int do_enablecrypto(char* arg2, char* arg4, int type, bool no_ui) {
-    int rc;
-    int tries;
-    for (tries = 0; tries < 2; ++tries) {
-        if (type == CRYPT_TYPE_DEFAULT) {
-            rc = cryptfs_enable_default(arg2, no_ui);
-        } else {
-            rc = cryptfs_enable(arg2, type, arg4, no_ui);
-        }
-
-        if (rc == 0) {
-            free(arg2);
-            free(arg4);
-            return 0;
-        } else if (tries == 0) {
-            Process::killProcessesWithOpenFiles(DATA_MNT_POINT, SIGKILL);
-        }
-    }
-
-    free(arg2);
-    free(arg4);
-    return -1;
-}
-
-int CryptCommandListener::CryptfsCmd::runCommand(SocketClient *cli,
-                                                 int argc, char **argv) {
-    if ((cli->getUid() != 0) && (cli->getUid() != AID_SYSTEM)) {
-        cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandNoPermission, "No permission to run cryptfs commands", false);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    if (argc < 2) {
-        cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError, "Missing subcommand", false);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    int rc = 0;
-
-    std::string subcommand(argv[1]);
-    if (subcommand == "checkpw") {
-        if (!check_argc(cli, subcommand, argc, 3, "<passwd>")) return 0;
-        dumpArgs(argc, argv, 2);
-        rc = cryptfs_check_passwd(argv[2]);
-    } else if (subcommand == "restart") {
-        if (!check_argc(cli, subcommand, argc, 2, "")) return 0;
-        dumpArgs(argc, argv, -1);
-
-        // Spawn as thread so init can issue commands back to vold without
-        // causing deadlock, usually as a result of prep_data_fs.
-        std::thread(&cryptfs_restart).detach();
-    } else if (subcommand == "cryptocomplete") {
-        if (!check_argc(cli, subcommand, argc, 2, "")) return 0;
-        dumpArgs(argc, argv, -1);
-        rc = cryptfs_crypto_complete();
-    } else if (subcommand == "enablecrypto") {
-        if (e4crypt_is_native()) {
-            if (argc != 5 || strcmp(argv[2], "inplace") || strcmp(argv[3], "default")
-                    || strcmp(argv[4], "noui")) {
-                cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError,
-                        "Usage with ext4crypt: cryptfs enablecrypto inplace default noui", false);
-                return 0;
-            }
-            return sendGenericOkFailOnBool(cli, e4crypt_enable_crypto());
-        }
-        const char* syntax = "Usage: cryptfs enablecrypto <wipe|inplace> "
-                             "default|password|pin|pattern [passwd] [noui]";
-
-        // This should be replaced with a command line parser if more options
-        // are added
-        bool valid = true;
-        bool no_ui = false;
-        int type = CRYPT_TYPE_DEFAULT;
-        int options = 4; // Optional parameters are at this offset
-        if (argc < 4) {
-            // Minimum 4 parameters
-            valid = false;
-        } else if (strcmp(argv[2], "wipe") && strcmp(argv[2], "inplace") ) {
-            // Second parameter must be wipe or inplace
-            valid = false;
-        } else {
-            // Third parameter must be valid type
-            type = getType(argv[3]);
-            if (type == -1) {
-                valid = false;
-            } else if (type != CRYPT_TYPE_DEFAULT) {
-                options++;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (valid) {
-            if(argc < options) {
-                // Too few parameters
-                valid = false;
-            } else if (argc == options) {
-                // No more, done
-            } else if (argc == options + 1) {
-                // One option, must be noui
-                if (!strcmp(argv[options], "noui")) {
-                    no_ui = true;
-                } else {
-                    valid = false;
-                }
-            } else {
-                // Too many options
-                valid = false;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (!valid) {
-            cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError, syntax, false);
-            return 0;
-        }
-
-        dumpArgs(argc, argv, 4);
-
-        // Spawn as thread so init can issue commands back to vold without
-        // causing deadlock, usually as a result of prep_data_fs.
-        char* arg2 = argc > 2 ? strdup(argv[2]) : NULL;
-        char* arg4 = argc > 4 ? strdup(argv[4]) : NULL;
-        std::thread(&do_enablecrypto, arg2, arg4, type, no_ui).detach();
-    } else if (subcommand == "enablefilecrypto") {
-        if (!check_argc(cli, subcommand, argc, 2, "")) return 0;
-        dumpArgs(argc, argv, -1);
-        rc = e4crypt_initialize_global_de();
-    } else if (subcommand == "changepw") {
-        const char* syntax = "Usage: cryptfs changepw "
-                             "default|password|pin|pattern [newpasswd]";
-        const char* password;
-        if (argc == 3) {
-            password = "";
-        } else if (argc == 4) {
-            password = argv[3];
-        } else {
-            cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError, syntax, false);
-            return 0;
-        }
-        int type = getType(argv[2]);
-        if (type == -1) {
-            cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError, syntax, false);
-            return 0;
-        }
-        SLOGD("cryptfs changepw %s {}", argv[2]);
-        rc = cryptfs_changepw(type, password);
-    } else if (subcommand == "verifypw") {
-        if (!check_argc(cli, subcommand, argc, 3, "<passwd>")) return 0;
-        SLOGD("cryptfs verifypw {}");
-        rc = cryptfs_verify_passwd(argv[2]);
-    } else if (subcommand == "getfield") {
-        if (!check_argc(cli, subcommand, argc, 3, "<fieldname>")) return 0;
-        char *valbuf;
-        int valbuf_len = PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX;
-
-        dumpArgs(argc, argv, -1);
-
-        // Increase the buffer size until it is big enough for the field value stored.
-        while (1) {
-            valbuf = (char*)malloc(valbuf_len);
-            if (valbuf == NULL) {
-                cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::OperationFailed, "Failed to allocate memory", false);
-                return 0;
-            }
-            rc = cryptfs_getfield(argv[2], valbuf, valbuf_len);
-            if (rc != CRYPTO_GETFIELD_ERROR_BUF_TOO_SMALL) {
-                break;
-            }
-            free(valbuf);
-            valbuf_len *= 2;
-        }
-        if (rc == CRYPTO_GETFIELD_OK) {
-            cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CryptfsGetfieldResult, valbuf, false);
-        }
-        free(valbuf);
-    } else if (subcommand == "setfield") {
-        if (!check_argc(cli, subcommand, argc, 4, "<fieldname> <value>")) return 0;
-        dumpArgs(argc, argv, -1);
-        rc = cryptfs_setfield(argv[2], argv[3]);
-    } else if (subcommand == "mountdefaultencrypted") {
-        if (!check_argc(cli, subcommand, argc, 2, "")) return 0;
-        SLOGD("cryptfs mountdefaultencrypted");
-        dumpArgs(argc, argv, -1);
-
-        if (e4crypt_is_native()) {
-            return sendGenericOkFailOnBool(cli, e4crypt_mount_metadata_encrypted());
-        }
-        // Spawn as thread so init can issue commands back to vold without
-        // causing deadlock, usually as a result of prep_data_fs.
-        std::thread(&cryptfs_mount_default_encrypted).detach();
-    } else if (subcommand == "getpwtype") {
-        if (!check_argc(cli, subcommand, argc, 2, "")) return 0;
-        SLOGD("cryptfs getpwtype");
-        dumpArgs(argc, argv, -1);
-        switch(cryptfs_get_password_type()) {
-        case CRYPT_TYPE_PASSWORD:
-            cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::PasswordTypeResult, "password", false);
-            return 0;
-        case CRYPT_TYPE_PATTERN:
-            cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::PasswordTypeResult, "pattern", false);
-            return 0;
-        case CRYPT_TYPE_PIN:
-            cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::PasswordTypeResult, "pin", false);
-            return 0;
-        case CRYPT_TYPE_DEFAULT:
-            cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::PasswordTypeResult, "default", false);
-            return 0;
-        default:
-          /** @TODO better error and make sure handled by callers */
-            cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::OpFailedStorageNotFound, "Error", false);
-            return 0;
-        }
-    } else if (subcommand == "getpw") {
-        if (!check_argc(cli, subcommand, argc, 2, "")) return 0;
-        SLOGD("cryptfs getpw");
-        dumpArgs(argc, argv, -1);
-        const char* password = cryptfs_get_password();
-        if (password) {
-            char* message = 0;
-            int size = asprintf(&message, "{{sensitive}} %s", password);
-            if (size != -1) {
-                cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandOkay, message, false);
-                memset(message, 0, size);
-                free (message);
-                return 0;
-            }
-        }
-        rc = -1;
-    } else if (subcommand == "clearpw") {
-        if (!check_argc(cli, subcommand, argc, 2, "")) return 0;
-        SLOGD("cryptfs clearpw");
-        dumpArgs(argc, argv, -1);
-        cryptfs_clear_password();
-        rc = 0;
-
-    } else if (subcommand == "isConvertibleToFBE") {
-        if (!check_argc(cli, subcommand, argc, 2, "")) return 0;
-        // ext4enc:TODO: send a CommandSyntaxError if argv[2] not an integer
-        SLOGD("cryptfs isConvertibleToFBE");
-        dumpArgs(argc, argv, -1);
-        rc = cryptfs_isConvertibleToFBE();
-
-    } else if (subcommand == "init_user0") {
-        if (!check_argc(cli, subcommand, argc, 2, "")) return 0;
-        return sendGenericOkFailOnBool(cli, e4crypt_init_user0());
-
-    } else if (subcommand == "create_user_key") {
-        if (!check_argc(cli, subcommand, argc, 5, "<user> <serial> <ephemeral>")) return 0;
-        return sendGenericOkFailOnBool(cli, e4crypt_vold_create_user_key(
-            atoi(argv[2]), atoi(argv[3]), atoi(argv[4]) != 0));
-
-    } else if (subcommand == "destroy_user_key") {
-        if (!check_argc(cli, subcommand, argc, 3, "<user>")) return 0;
-        return sendGenericOkFailOnBool(cli, e4crypt_destroy_user_key(atoi(argv[2])));
-
-    } else if (subcommand == "add_user_key_auth") {
-        if (!check_argc(cli, subcommand, argc, 6, "<user> <serial> <token> <secret>")) return 0;
-        return sendGenericOkFailOnBool(cli, e4crypt_add_user_key_auth(
-            atoi(argv[2]), atoi(argv[3]), argv[4], argv[5]));
-
-    } else if (subcommand == "fixate_newest_user_key_auth") {
-        if (!check_argc(cli, subcommand, argc, 3, "<user>")) return 0;
-        return sendGenericOkFailOnBool(cli, e4crypt_fixate_newest_user_key_auth(atoi(argv[2])));
-
-    } else if (subcommand == "unlock_user_key") {
-        if (!check_argc(cli, subcommand, argc, 6, "<user> <serial> <token> <secret>")) return 0;
-        return sendGenericOkFailOnBool(cli, e4crypt_unlock_user_key(
-            atoi(argv[2]), atoi(argv[3]), argv[4], argv[5]));
-
-    } else if (subcommand == "lock_user_key") {
-        if (!check_argc(cli, subcommand, argc, 3, "<user>")) return 0;
-        return sendGenericOkFailOnBool(cli, e4crypt_lock_user_key(atoi(argv[2])));
-
-    } else if (subcommand == "prepare_user_storage") {
-        if (!check_argc(cli, subcommand, argc, 6, "<uuid> <user> <serial> <flags>")) return 0;
-        return sendGenericOkFailOnBool(cli, e4crypt_prepare_user_storage(
-            parseNull(argv[2]), atoi(argv[3]), atoi(argv[4]), atoi(argv[5])));
-
-    } else if (subcommand == "destroy_user_storage") {
-        if (!check_argc(cli, subcommand, argc, 5, "<uuid> <user> <flags>")) return 0;
-        return sendGenericOkFailOnBool(cli,
-                e4crypt_destroy_user_storage(parseNull(argv[2]), atoi(argv[3]), atoi(argv[4])));
-
-    } else if (subcommand == "secdiscard") {
-        if (!check_argc(cli, subcommand, argc, 3, "<path>")) return 0;
-        return sendGenericOkFailOnBool(cli,
-                e4crypt_secdiscard(parseNull(argv[2])));
-
-    } else {
-        dumpArgs(argc, argv, -1);
-        cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandSyntaxError, "Unknown cryptfs subcommand", false);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    // Always report that the command succeeded and return the error code.
-    // The caller will check the return value to see what the error was.
-    char msg[255];
-    snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "%d", rc);
-    cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::CommandOkay, msg, false);
-
-    return 0;
-}
diff --git a/CryptCommandListener.h b/CryptCommandListener.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 478ac02..0000000
--- a/CryptCommandListener.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef _CRYPTCOMMANDLISTENER_H__
-#define _CRYPTCOMMANDLISTENER_H__
-
-#include <sysutils/FrameworkListener.h>
-#include <utils/Errors.h>
-#include "VoldCommand.h"
-
-class CryptCommandListener : public FrameworkListener {
-public:
-    CryptCommandListener();
-    virtual ~CryptCommandListener() {}
-
-private:
-    static void dumpArgs(int argc, char **argv, int argObscure);
-    static int sendGenericOkFailOnBool(SocketClient *cli, bool success);
-
-    class CryptfsCmd : public VoldCommand {
-    public:
-        CryptfsCmd();
-        virtual ~CryptfsCmd() {}
-        int runCommand(SocketClient *c, int argc, char ** argv);
-    };
-    int getSocket();
-};
-
-#endif
diff --git a/Devmapper.cpp b/Devmapper.cpp
index 4b6942d..2510771 100644
--- a/Devmapper.cpp
+++ b/Devmapper.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_PACKAGE_MANAGER
+
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
@@ -28,91 +30,18 @@
 
 #include <linux/kdev_t.h>
 
-#define LOG_TAG "Vold"
-
-#include <cutils/log.h>
-
-#include <sysutils/SocketClient.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <utils/Trace.h>
 
 #include "Devmapper.h"
 
 #define DEVMAPPER_BUFFER_SIZE 4096
 
-int Devmapper::dumpState(SocketClient *c) {
+using android::base::StringPrintf;
 
-    char *buffer = (char *) malloc(1024 * 64);
-    if (!buffer) {
-        SLOGE("Error allocating memory (%s)", strerror(errno));
-        return -1;
-    }
-    memset(buffer, 0, (1024 * 64));
-
-    char *buffer2 = (char *) malloc(DEVMAPPER_BUFFER_SIZE);
-    if (!buffer2) {
-        SLOGE("Error allocating memory (%s)", strerror(errno));
-        free(buffer);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    int fd;
-    if ((fd = open("/dev/device-mapper", O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
-        SLOGE("Error opening devmapper (%s)", strerror(errno));
-        free(buffer);
-        free(buffer2);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    struct dm_ioctl *io = (struct dm_ioctl *) buffer;
-    ioctlInit(io, (1024 * 64), NULL, 0);
-
-    if (ioctl(fd, DM_LIST_DEVICES, io)) {
-        SLOGE("DM_LIST_DEVICES ioctl failed (%s)", strerror(errno));
-        free(buffer);
-        free(buffer2);
-        close(fd);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    struct dm_name_list *n = (struct dm_name_list *) (((char *) buffer) + io->data_start);
-    if (!n->dev) {
-        free(buffer);
-        free(buffer2);
-        close(fd);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    unsigned nxt = 0;
-    do {
-        n = (struct dm_name_list *) (((char *) n) + nxt);
-
-        memset(buffer2, 0, DEVMAPPER_BUFFER_SIZE);
-        struct dm_ioctl *io2 = (struct dm_ioctl *) buffer2;
-        ioctlInit(io2, DEVMAPPER_BUFFER_SIZE, n->name, 0);
-        if (ioctl(fd, DM_DEV_STATUS, io2)) {
-            if (errno != ENXIO) {
-                SLOGE("DM_DEV_STATUS ioctl failed (%s)", strerror(errno));
-            }
-            io2 = NULL;
-        }
-
-        char *tmp;
-        if (!io2) {
-            asprintf(&tmp, "%s %llu:%llu (no status available)", n->name, MAJOR(n->dev), MINOR(n->dev));
-        } else {
-            asprintf(&tmp, "%s %llu:%llu %d %d 0x%.8x %llu:%llu", n->name, MAJOR(n->dev),
-                    MINOR(n->dev), io2->target_count, io2->open_count, io2->flags, MAJOR(io2->dev),
-                            MINOR(io2->dev));
-        }
-        c->sendMsg(0, tmp, false);
-        free(tmp);
-        nxt = n->next;
-    } while (nxt);
-
-    free(buffer);
-    free(buffer2);
-    close(fd);
-    return 0;
-}
+static const char* kVoldPrefix = "vold:";
 
 void Devmapper::ioctlInit(struct dm_ioctl *io, size_t dataSize,
                           const char *name, unsigned flags) {
@@ -130,50 +59,20 @@
     }
 }
 
-int Devmapper::lookupActive(const char *name, char *ubuffer, size_t len) {
-    char *buffer = (char *) malloc(DEVMAPPER_BUFFER_SIZE);
-    if (!buffer) {
-        SLOGE("Error allocating memory (%s)", strerror(errno));
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    int fd;
-    if ((fd = open("/dev/device-mapper", O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
-        SLOGE("Error opening devmapper (%s)", strerror(errno));
-        free(buffer);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    struct dm_ioctl *io = (struct dm_ioctl *) buffer;
- 
-    ioctlInit(io, DEVMAPPER_BUFFER_SIZE, name, 0);
-    if (ioctl(fd, DM_DEV_STATUS, io)) {
-        if (errno != ENXIO) {
-            SLOGE("DM_DEV_STATUS ioctl failed for lookup (%s)", strerror(errno));
-        }
-        free(buffer);
-        close(fd);
-        return -1;
-    }
-    close(fd);
-
-    unsigned minor = (io->dev & 0xff) | ((io->dev >> 12) & 0xfff00);
-    free(buffer);
-    snprintf(ubuffer, len, "/dev/block/dm-%u", minor);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int Devmapper::create(const char *name, const char *loopFile, const char *key,
+int Devmapper::create(const char *name_raw, const char *loopFile, const char *key,
                       unsigned long numSectors, char *ubuffer, size_t len) {
+    auto name_string = StringPrintf("%s%s", kVoldPrefix, name_raw);
+    const char* name = name_string.c_str();
+
     char *buffer = (char *) malloc(DEVMAPPER_BUFFER_SIZE);
     if (!buffer) {
-        SLOGE("Error allocating memory (%s)", strerror(errno));
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed malloc";
         return -1;
     }
 
     int fd;
     if ((fd = open("/dev/device-mapper", O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
-        SLOGE("Error opening devmapper (%s)", strerror(errno));
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed open";
         free(buffer);
         return -1;
     }
@@ -184,7 +83,7 @@
     ioctlInit(io, DEVMAPPER_BUFFER_SIZE, name, 0);
 
     if (ioctl(fd, DM_DEV_CREATE, io)) {
-        SLOGE("Error creating device mapping (%s)", strerror(errno));
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed DM_DEV_CREATE";
         free(buffer);
         close(fd);
         return -1;
@@ -199,7 +98,7 @@
     geoParams += strlen(geoParams) + 1;
     geoParams = (char *) _align(geoParams, 8);
     if (ioctl(fd, DM_DEV_SET_GEOMETRY, io)) {
-        SLOGE("Error setting device geometry (%s)", strerror(errno));
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed DM_DEV_SET_GEOMETRY";
         free(buffer);
         close(fd);
         return -1;
@@ -208,7 +107,7 @@
     // Retrieve the device number we were allocated
     ioctlInit(io, DEVMAPPER_BUFFER_SIZE, name, 0);
     if (ioctl(fd, DM_DEV_STATUS, io)) {
-        SLOGE("Error retrieving devmapper status (%s)", strerror(errno));
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed DM_DEV_STATUS";
         free(buffer);
         close(fd);
         return -1;
@@ -239,7 +138,7 @@
     tgt->next = cryptParams - buffer;
 
     if (ioctl(fd, DM_TABLE_LOAD, io)) {
-        SLOGE("Error loading mapping table (%s)", strerror(errno));
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed DM_TABLE_LOAD";
         free(buffer);
         close(fd);
         return -1;
@@ -249,7 +148,7 @@
     ioctlInit(io, DEVMAPPER_BUFFER_SIZE, name, 0);
 
     if (ioctl(fd, DM_DEV_SUSPEND, io)) {
-        SLOGE("Error Resuming (%s)", strerror(errno));
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed DM_DEV_SUSPEND";
         free(buffer);
         close(fd);
         return -1;
@@ -261,16 +160,19 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-int Devmapper::destroy(const char *name) {
+int Devmapper::destroy(const char *name_raw) {
+    auto name_string = StringPrintf("%s%s", kVoldPrefix, name_raw);
+    const char* name = name_string.c_str();
+
     char *buffer = (char *) malloc(DEVMAPPER_BUFFER_SIZE);
     if (!buffer) {
-        SLOGE("Error allocating memory (%s)", strerror(errno));
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed malloc";
         return -1;
     }
 
     int fd;
     if ((fd = open("/dev/device-mapper", O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
-        SLOGE("Error opening devmapper (%s)", strerror(errno));
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed open";
         free(buffer);
         return -1;
     }
@@ -282,7 +184,7 @@
 
     if (ioctl(fd, DM_DEV_REMOVE, io)) {
         if (errno != ENXIO) {
-            SLOGE("Error destroying device mapping (%s)", strerror(errno));
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed DM_DEV_REMOVE";
         }
         free(buffer);
         close(fd);
@@ -294,6 +196,76 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
+int Devmapper::destroyAll() {
+    ATRACE_NAME("Devmapper::destroyAll");
+    char *buffer = (char *) malloc(1024 * 64);
+    if (!buffer) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed malloc";
+        return -1;
+    }
+    memset(buffer, 0, (1024 * 64));
+
+    char *buffer2 = (char *) malloc(DEVMAPPER_BUFFER_SIZE);
+    if (!buffer2) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed malloc";
+        free(buffer);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    int fd;
+    if ((fd = open("/dev/device-mapper", O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed open";
+        free(buffer);
+        free(buffer2);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    struct dm_ioctl *io = (struct dm_ioctl *) buffer;
+    ioctlInit(io, (1024 * 64), NULL, 0);
+
+    if (ioctl(fd, DM_LIST_DEVICES, io)) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed DM_LIST_DEVICES";
+        free(buffer);
+        free(buffer2);
+        close(fd);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    struct dm_name_list *n = (struct dm_name_list *) (((char *) buffer) + io->data_start);
+    if (!n->dev) {
+        free(buffer);
+        free(buffer2);
+        close(fd);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    unsigned nxt = 0;
+    do {
+        n = (struct dm_name_list *) (((char *) n) + nxt);
+        auto name = std::string(n->name);
+        if (android::base::StartsWith(name, kVoldPrefix)) {
+            LOG(DEBUG) << "Tearing down stale dm device named " << name;
+
+            memset(buffer2, 0, DEVMAPPER_BUFFER_SIZE);
+            struct dm_ioctl *io2 = (struct dm_ioctl *) buffer2;
+            ioctlInit(io2, DEVMAPPER_BUFFER_SIZE, n->name, 0);
+            if (ioctl(fd, DM_DEV_REMOVE, io2)) {
+                if (errno != ENXIO) {
+                    PLOG(WARNING) << "Failed to destroy dm device named " << name;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            LOG(VERBOSE) << "Found unmanaged dm device named " << name;
+        }
+        nxt = n->next;
+    } while (nxt);
+
+    free(buffer);
+    free(buffer2);
+    close(fd);
+    return 0;
+}
+
 void *Devmapper::_align(void *ptr, unsigned int a)
 {
         unsigned long agn = --a;
diff --git a/Devmapper.h b/Devmapper.h
index 5b65b53..7bb9786 100644
--- a/Devmapper.h
+++ b/Devmapper.h
@@ -20,15 +20,12 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <linux/dm-ioctl.h>
 
-class SocketClient;
-
 class Devmapper {
 public:
     static int create(const char *name, const char *loopFile, const char *key,
                       unsigned long numSectors, char *buffer, size_t len);
     static int destroy(const char *name);
-    static int lookupActive(const char *name, char *buffer, size_t len);
-    static int dumpState(SocketClient *c);
+    static int destroyAll();
 
 private:
     static void *_align(void *ptr, unsigned int a);
diff --git a/EncryptInplace.cpp b/EncryptInplace.cpp
index 6ef1cb0..16a108c 100644
--- a/EncryptInplace.cpp
+++ b/EncryptInplace.cpp
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
-#include <stdbool.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
 #include <time.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
diff --git a/Ext4Crypt.cpp b/Ext4Crypt.cpp
index dc2e42a..85ace4a 100644
--- a/Ext4Crypt.cpp
+++ b/Ext4Crypt.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include "KeyStorage.h"
 #include "KeyUtil.h"
 #include "Utils.h"
+#include "VoldUtil.h"
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <map>
@@ -39,6 +40,8 @@
 
 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
 
+#include "android/os/IVold.h"
+
 #include "cryptfs.h"
 
 #define EMULATED_USES_SELINUX 0
@@ -52,6 +55,7 @@
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 
 using android::base::StringPrintf;
@@ -59,18 +63,24 @@
 using android::vold::kEmptyAuthentication;
 using android::vold::KeyBuffer;
 
-// NOTE: keep in sync with StorageManager
-static constexpr int FLAG_STORAGE_DE = 1 << 0;
-static constexpr int FLAG_STORAGE_CE = 1 << 1;
-
 namespace {
 
+struct PolicyKeyRef {
+    std::string contents_mode;
+    std::string filenames_mode;
+    std::string key_raw_ref;
+};
+
 const std::string device_key_dir = std::string() + DATA_MNT_POINT + e4crypt_unencrypted_folder;
 const std::string device_key_path = device_key_dir + "/key";
 const std::string device_key_temp = device_key_dir + "/temp";
 
 const std::string user_key_dir = std::string() + DATA_MNT_POINT + "/misc/vold/user_keys";
 const std::string user_key_temp = user_key_dir + "/temp";
+const std::string prepare_subdirs_path = "/system/bin/vold_prepare_subdirs";
+
+const std::string systemwide_volume_key_dir =
+    std::string() + DATA_MNT_POINT + "/misc/vold/volume_keys";
 
 bool s_global_de_initialized = false;
 
@@ -89,8 +99,8 @@
     return property_get_bool("persist.sys.emulate_fbe", false);
 }
 
-static const char* escape_null(const char* value) {
-    return (value == nullptr) ? "null" : value;
+static const char* escape_empty(const std::string& value) {
+    return value.empty() ? "null" : value.c_str();
 }
 
 static std::string get_de_key_path(userid_t user_id) {
@@ -261,19 +271,19 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-static bool ensure_policy(const std::string& raw_ref, const std::string& path) {
-    const char *contents_mode;
-    const char *filenames_mode;
+static void get_data_file_encryption_modes(PolicyKeyRef* key_ref) {
+    struct fstab_rec* rec = fs_mgr_get_entry_for_mount_point(fstab_default, DATA_MNT_POINT);
+    char const* contents_mode;
+    char const* filenames_mode;
+    fs_mgr_get_file_encryption_modes(rec, &contents_mode, &filenames_mode);
+    key_ref->contents_mode = contents_mode;
+    key_ref->filenames_mode = filenames_mode;
+}
 
-    cryptfs_get_file_encryption_modes(&contents_mode, &filenames_mode);
-
-    if (e4crypt_policy_ensure(path.c_str(),
-                              raw_ref.data(), raw_ref.size(),
-                              contents_mode, filenames_mode) != 0) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to set policy on: " << path;
-        return false;
-    }
-    return true;
+static bool ensure_policy(const PolicyKeyRef& key_ref, const std::string& path) {
+    return e4crypt_policy_ensure(path.c_str(), key_ref.key_raw_ref.data(),
+                                 key_ref.key_raw_ref.size(), key_ref.contents_mode.c_str(),
+                                 key_ref.filenames_mode.c_str()) == 0;
 }
 
 static bool is_numeric(const char* name) {
@@ -304,7 +314,7 @@
             LOG(DEBUG) << "Skipping non-de-key " << entry->d_name;
             continue;
         }
-        userid_t user_id = atoi(entry->d_name);
+        userid_t user_id = std::stoi(entry->d_name);
         if (s_de_key_raw_refs.count(user_id) == 0) {
             auto key_path = de_dir + "/" + entry->d_name;
             KeyBuffer key;
@@ -328,23 +338,21 @@
         return true;
     }
 
-    const char *contents_mode;
-    const char *filenames_mode;
-    cryptfs_get_file_encryption_modes(&contents_mode, &filenames_mode);
-    std::string modestring = std::string(contents_mode) + ":" + filenames_mode;
+    PolicyKeyRef device_ref;
+    if (!android::vold::retrieveAndInstallKey(true, kEmptyAuthentication, device_key_path,
+                                              device_key_temp, &device_ref.key_raw_ref))
+        return false;
+    get_data_file_encryption_modes(&device_ref);
 
+    std::string modestring = device_ref.contents_mode + ":" + device_ref.filenames_mode;
     std::string mode_filename = std::string("/data") + e4crypt_key_mode;
     if (!android::base::WriteStringToFile(modestring, mode_filename)) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "Cannot save type";
         return false;
     }
 
-    std::string device_key_ref;
-    if (!android::vold::retrieveAndInstallKey(true,
-        device_key_path, device_key_temp, &device_key_ref)) return false;
-
     std::string ref_filename = std::string("/data") + e4crypt_key_ref;
-    if (!android::base::WriteStringToFile(device_key_ref, ref_filename)) {
+    if (!android::base::WriteStringToFile(device_ref.key_raw_ref, ref_filename)) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "Cannot save key reference to:" << ref_filename;
         return false;
     }
@@ -370,7 +378,7 @@
     // We can only safely prepare DE storage here, since CE keys are probably
     // entangled with user credentials.  The framework will always prepare CE
     // storage once CE keys are installed.
-    if (!e4crypt_prepare_user_storage(nullptr, 0, 0, FLAG_STORAGE_DE)) {
+    if (!e4crypt_prepare_user_storage("", 0, 0, android::os::IVold::STORAGE_FLAG_DE)) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to prepare user 0 storage";
         return false;
     }
@@ -482,8 +490,8 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-static bool parse_hex(const char* hex, std::string* result) {
-    if (strcmp("!", hex) == 0) {
+static bool parse_hex(const std::string& hex, std::string* result) {
+    if (hex == "!") {
         *result = "";
         return true;
     }
@@ -494,10 +502,55 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-bool e4crypt_add_user_key_auth(userid_t user_id, int serial, const char* token_hex,
-                          const char* secret_hex) {
+static std::string volkey_path(const std::string& misc_path, const std::string& volume_uuid) {
+    return misc_path + "/vold/volume_keys/" + volume_uuid + "/default";
+}
+
+static std::string volume_secdiscardable_path(const std::string& volume_uuid) {
+    return systemwide_volume_key_dir + "/" + volume_uuid + "/secdiscardable";
+}
+
+static bool read_or_create_volkey(const std::string& misc_path, const std::string& volume_uuid,
+                                  PolicyKeyRef* key_ref) {
+    auto secdiscardable_path = volume_secdiscardable_path(volume_uuid);
+    std::string secdiscardable_hash;
+    if (android::vold::pathExists(secdiscardable_path)) {
+        if (!android::vold::readSecdiscardable(secdiscardable_path, &secdiscardable_hash))
+            return false;
+    } else {
+        if (fs_mkdirs(secdiscardable_path.c_str(), 0700) != 0) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Creating directories for: " << secdiscardable_path;
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!android::vold::createSecdiscardable(secdiscardable_path, &secdiscardable_hash))
+            return false;
+    }
+    auto key_path = volkey_path(misc_path, volume_uuid);
+    if (fs_mkdirs(key_path.c_str(), 0700) != 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Creating directories for: " << key_path;
+        return false;
+    }
+    android::vold::KeyAuthentication auth("", secdiscardable_hash);
+    if (!android::vold::retrieveAndInstallKey(true, auth, key_path, key_path + "_tmp",
+                                              &key_ref->key_raw_ref))
+        return false;
+    key_ref->contents_mode =
+        android::base::GetProperty("ro.crypto.volume.contents_mode", "aes-256-xts");
+    key_ref->filenames_mode =
+        android::base::GetProperty("ro.crypto.volume.filenames_mode", "aes-256-heh");
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool destroy_volkey(const std::string& misc_path, const std::string& volume_uuid) {
+    auto path = volkey_path(misc_path, volume_uuid);
+    if (!android::vold::pathExists(path)) return true;
+    return android::vold::destroyKey(path);
+}
+
+bool e4crypt_add_user_key_auth(userid_t user_id, int serial, const std::string& token_hex,
+                               const std::string& secret_hex) {
     LOG(DEBUG) << "e4crypt_add_user_key_auth " << user_id << " serial=" << serial
-               << " token_present=" << (strcmp(token_hex, "!") != 0);
+               << " token_present=" << (token_hex != "!");
     if (!e4crypt_is_native()) return true;
     if (s_ephemeral_users.count(user_id) != 0) return true;
     std::string token, secret;
@@ -534,10 +587,10 @@
 }
 
 // TODO: rename to 'install' for consistency, and take flags to know which keys to install
-bool e4crypt_unlock_user_key(userid_t user_id, int serial, const char* token_hex,
-                             const char* secret_hex) {
+bool e4crypt_unlock_user_key(userid_t user_id, int serial, const std::string& token_hex,
+                             const std::string& secret_hex) {
     LOG(DEBUG) << "e4crypt_unlock_user_key " << user_id << " serial=" << serial
-               << " token_present=" << (strcmp(token_hex, "!") != 0);
+               << " token_present=" << (token_hex != "!");
     if (e4crypt_is_native()) {
         if (s_ce_key_raw_refs.count(user_id) != 0) {
             LOG(WARNING) << "Tried to unlock already-unlocked key for user " << user_id;
@@ -557,8 +610,8 @@
         // back into a known-good state.
         if (!emulated_unlock(android::vold::BuildDataSystemCePath(user_id), 0771) ||
             !emulated_unlock(android::vold::BuildDataMiscCePath(user_id), 01771) ||
-            !emulated_unlock(android::vold::BuildDataMediaCePath(nullptr, user_id), 0770) ||
-            !emulated_unlock(android::vold::BuildDataUserCePath(nullptr, user_id), 0771)) {
+            !emulated_unlock(android::vold::BuildDataMediaCePath("", user_id), 0770) ||
+            !emulated_unlock(android::vold::BuildDataUserCePath("", user_id), 0771)) {
             LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to unlock user " << user_id;
             return false;
         }
@@ -575,8 +628,8 @@
         // When in emulation mode, we just use chmod
         if (!emulated_lock(android::vold::BuildDataSystemCePath(user_id)) ||
             !emulated_lock(android::vold::BuildDataMiscCePath(user_id)) ||
-            !emulated_lock(android::vold::BuildDataMediaCePath(nullptr, user_id)) ||
-            !emulated_lock(android::vold::BuildDataUserCePath(nullptr, user_id))) {
+            !emulated_lock(android::vold::BuildDataMediaCePath("", user_id)) ||
+            !emulated_lock(android::vold::BuildDataUserCePath("", user_id))) {
             LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to lock user " << user_id;
             return false;
         }
@@ -585,12 +638,23 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-bool e4crypt_prepare_user_storage(const char* volume_uuid, userid_t user_id, int serial,
-        int flags) {
-    LOG(DEBUG) << "e4crypt_prepare_user_storage for volume " << escape_null(volume_uuid)
+static bool prepare_subdirs(const std::string& action, const std::string& volume_uuid,
+                            userid_t user_id, int flags) {
+    if (0 != android::vold::ForkExecvp(
+                 std::vector<std::string>{prepare_subdirs_path, action, volume_uuid,
+                                          std::to_string(user_id), std::to_string(flags)})) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "vold_prepare_subdirs failed";
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool e4crypt_prepare_user_storage(const std::string& volume_uuid, userid_t user_id, int serial,
+                                  int flags) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "e4crypt_prepare_user_storage for volume " << escape_empty(volume_uuid)
                << ", user " << user_id << ", serial " << serial << ", flags " << flags;
 
-    if (flags & FLAG_STORAGE_DE) {
+    if (flags & android::os::IVold::STORAGE_FLAG_DE) {
         // DE_sys key
         auto system_legacy_path = android::vold::BuildDataSystemLegacyPath(user_id);
         auto misc_legacy_path = android::vold::BuildDataMiscLegacyPath(user_id);
@@ -601,46 +665,63 @@
         auto misc_de_path = android::vold::BuildDataMiscDePath(user_id);
         auto user_de_path = android::vold::BuildDataUserDePath(volume_uuid, user_id);
 
-        if (!prepare_dir(system_legacy_path, 0700, AID_SYSTEM, AID_SYSTEM)) return false;
+        if (volume_uuid.empty()) {
+            if (!prepare_dir(system_legacy_path, 0700, AID_SYSTEM, AID_SYSTEM)) return false;
 #if MANAGE_MISC_DIRS
-        if (!prepare_dir(misc_legacy_path, 0750, multiuser_get_uid(user_id, AID_SYSTEM),
-                multiuser_get_uid(user_id, AID_EVERYBODY))) return false;
+            if (!prepare_dir(misc_legacy_path, 0750, multiuser_get_uid(user_id, AID_SYSTEM),
+                    multiuser_get_uid(user_id, AID_EVERYBODY))) return false;
 #endif
-        if (!prepare_dir(profiles_de_path, 0771, AID_SYSTEM, AID_SYSTEM)) return false;
+            if (!prepare_dir(profiles_de_path, 0771, AID_SYSTEM, AID_SYSTEM)) return false;
 
-        if (!prepare_dir(system_de_path, 0770, AID_SYSTEM, AID_SYSTEM)) return false;
-        if (!prepare_dir(misc_de_path, 01771, AID_SYSTEM, AID_MISC)) return false;
+            if (!prepare_dir(system_de_path, 0770, AID_SYSTEM, AID_SYSTEM)) return false;
+            if (!prepare_dir(misc_de_path, 01771, AID_SYSTEM, AID_MISC)) return false;
+        }
         if (!prepare_dir(user_de_path, 0771, AID_SYSTEM, AID_SYSTEM)) return false;
 
         if (e4crypt_is_native()) {
-            std::string de_raw_ref;
-            if (!lookup_key_ref(s_de_key_raw_refs, user_id, &de_raw_ref)) return false;
-            if (!ensure_policy(de_raw_ref, system_de_path)) return false;
-            if (!ensure_policy(de_raw_ref, misc_de_path)) return false;
-            if (!ensure_policy(de_raw_ref, user_de_path)) return false;
+            PolicyKeyRef de_ref;
+            if (volume_uuid.empty()) {
+                if (!lookup_key_ref(s_de_key_raw_refs, user_id, &de_ref.key_raw_ref)) return false;
+                get_data_file_encryption_modes(&de_ref);
+                if (!ensure_policy(de_ref, system_de_path)) return false;
+                if (!ensure_policy(de_ref, misc_de_path)) return false;
+            } else {
+                if (!read_or_create_volkey(misc_de_path, volume_uuid, &de_ref)) return false;
+            }
+            if (!ensure_policy(de_ref, user_de_path)) return false;
         }
     }
 
-    if (flags & FLAG_STORAGE_CE) {
+    if (flags & android::os::IVold::STORAGE_FLAG_CE) {
         // CE_n key
         auto system_ce_path = android::vold::BuildDataSystemCePath(user_id);
         auto misc_ce_path = android::vold::BuildDataMiscCePath(user_id);
         auto media_ce_path = android::vold::BuildDataMediaCePath(volume_uuid, user_id);
         auto user_ce_path = android::vold::BuildDataUserCePath(volume_uuid, user_id);
 
-        if (!prepare_dir(system_ce_path, 0770, AID_SYSTEM, AID_SYSTEM)) return false;
-        if (!prepare_dir(misc_ce_path, 01771, AID_SYSTEM, AID_MISC)) return false;
+        if (volume_uuid.empty()) {
+            if (!prepare_dir(system_ce_path, 0770, AID_SYSTEM, AID_SYSTEM)) return false;
+            if (!prepare_dir(misc_ce_path, 01771, AID_SYSTEM, AID_MISC)) return false;
+        }
         if (!prepare_dir(media_ce_path, 0770, AID_MEDIA_RW, AID_MEDIA_RW)) return false;
         if (!prepare_dir(user_ce_path, 0771, AID_SYSTEM, AID_SYSTEM)) return false;
 
         if (e4crypt_is_native()) {
-            std::string ce_raw_ref;
-            if (!lookup_key_ref(s_ce_key_raw_refs, user_id, &ce_raw_ref)) return false;
-            if (!ensure_policy(ce_raw_ref, system_ce_path)) return false;
-            if (!ensure_policy(ce_raw_ref, misc_ce_path)) return false;
-            if (!ensure_policy(ce_raw_ref, media_ce_path)) return false;
-            if (!ensure_policy(ce_raw_ref, user_ce_path)) return false;
+            PolicyKeyRef ce_ref;
+            if (volume_uuid.empty()) {
+                if (!lookup_key_ref(s_ce_key_raw_refs, user_id, &ce_ref.key_raw_ref)) return false;
+                get_data_file_encryption_modes(&ce_ref);
+                if (!ensure_policy(ce_ref, system_ce_path)) return false;
+                if (!ensure_policy(ce_ref, misc_ce_path)) return false;
 
+            } else {
+                if (!read_or_create_volkey(misc_ce_path, volume_uuid, &ce_ref)) return false;
+            }
+            if (!ensure_policy(ce_ref, media_ce_path)) return false;
+            if (!ensure_policy(ce_ref, user_ce_path)) return false;
+        }
+
+        if (volume_uuid.empty()) {
             // Now that credentials have been installed, we can run restorecon
             // over these paths
             // NOTE: these paths need to be kept in sync with libselinux
@@ -648,16 +729,38 @@
             android::vold::RestoreconRecursive(misc_ce_path);
         }
     }
+    if (!prepare_subdirs("prepare", volume_uuid, user_id, flags)) return false;
 
     return true;
 }
 
-bool e4crypt_destroy_user_storage(const char* volume_uuid, userid_t user_id, int flags) {
-    LOG(DEBUG) << "e4crypt_destroy_user_storage for volume " << escape_null(volume_uuid)
+bool e4crypt_destroy_user_storage(const std::string& volume_uuid, userid_t user_id, int flags) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "e4crypt_destroy_user_storage for volume " << escape_empty(volume_uuid)
                << ", user " << user_id << ", flags " << flags;
     bool res = true;
 
-    if (flags & FLAG_STORAGE_DE) {
+    res &= prepare_subdirs("destroy", volume_uuid, user_id, flags);
+
+    if (flags & android::os::IVold::STORAGE_FLAG_CE) {
+        // CE_n key
+        auto system_ce_path = android::vold::BuildDataSystemCePath(user_id);
+        auto misc_ce_path = android::vold::BuildDataMiscCePath(user_id);
+        auto media_ce_path = android::vold::BuildDataMediaCePath(volume_uuid, user_id);
+        auto user_ce_path = android::vold::BuildDataUserCePath(volume_uuid, user_id);
+
+        res &= destroy_dir(media_ce_path);
+        res &= destroy_dir(user_ce_path);
+        if (volume_uuid.empty()) {
+            res &= destroy_dir(system_ce_path);
+            res &= destroy_dir(misc_ce_path);
+        } else {
+            if (e4crypt_is_native()) {
+                res &= destroy_volkey(misc_ce_path, volume_uuid);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (flags & android::os::IVold::STORAGE_FLAG_DE) {
         // DE_sys key
         auto system_legacy_path = android::vold::BuildDataSystemLegacyPath(user_id);
         auto misc_legacy_path = android::vold::BuildDataMiscLegacyPath(user_id);
@@ -668,7 +771,8 @@
         auto misc_de_path = android::vold::BuildDataMiscDePath(user_id);
         auto user_de_path = android::vold::BuildDataUserDePath(volume_uuid, user_id);
 
-        if (volume_uuid == nullptr) {
+        res &= destroy_dir(user_de_path);
+        if (volume_uuid.empty()) {
             res &= destroy_dir(system_legacy_path);
 #if MANAGE_MISC_DIRS
             res &= destroy_dir(misc_legacy_path);
@@ -676,28 +780,52 @@
             res &= destroy_dir(profiles_de_path);
             res &= destroy_dir(system_de_path);
             res &= destroy_dir(misc_de_path);
+        } else {
+            if (e4crypt_is_native()) {
+                res &= destroy_volkey(misc_de_path, volume_uuid);
+            }
         }
-        res &= destroy_dir(user_de_path);
-    }
-
-    if (flags & FLAG_STORAGE_CE) {
-        // CE_n key
-        auto system_ce_path = android::vold::BuildDataSystemCePath(user_id);
-        auto misc_ce_path = android::vold::BuildDataMiscCePath(user_id);
-        auto media_ce_path = android::vold::BuildDataMediaCePath(volume_uuid, user_id);
-        auto user_ce_path = android::vold::BuildDataUserCePath(volume_uuid, user_id);
-
-        if (volume_uuid == nullptr) {
-            res &= destroy_dir(system_ce_path);
-            res &= destroy_dir(misc_ce_path);
-        }
-        res &= destroy_dir(media_ce_path);
-        res &= destroy_dir(user_ce_path);
     }
 
     return res;
 }
 
-bool e4crypt_secdiscard(const char* path) {
-    return android::vold::runSecdiscardSingle(std::string(path));
+static bool destroy_volume_keys(const std::string& directory_path, const std::string& volume_uuid) {
+    auto dirp = std::unique_ptr<DIR, int (*)(DIR*)>(opendir(directory_path.c_str()), closedir);
+    if (!dirp) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to open directory: " + directory_path;
+        return false;
+    }
+    bool res = true;
+    for (;;) {
+        errno = 0;
+        auto const entry = readdir(dirp.get());
+        if (!entry) {
+            if (errno) {
+                PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to read directory: " + directory_path;
+                return false;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        if (entry->d_type != DT_DIR || entry->d_name[0] == '.') {
+            LOG(DEBUG) << "Skipping non-user " << entry->d_name;
+            continue;
+        }
+        res &= destroy_volkey(directory_path + "/" + entry->d_name, volume_uuid);
+    }
+    return res;
+}
+
+bool e4crypt_destroy_volume_keys(const std::string& volume_uuid) {
+    bool res = true;
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "e4crypt_destroy_volume_keys for volume " << escape_empty(volume_uuid);
+    auto secdiscardable_path = volume_secdiscardable_path(volume_uuid);
+    res &= android::vold::runSecdiscardSingle(secdiscardable_path);
+    res &= destroy_volume_keys("/data/misc_ce", volume_uuid);
+    res &= destroy_volume_keys("/data/misc_de", volume_uuid);
+    return res;
+}
+
+bool e4crypt_secdiscard(const std::string& path) {
+    return android::vold::runSecdiscardSingle(path);
 }
diff --git a/Ext4Crypt.h b/Ext4Crypt.h
index e90167b..4226f15 100644
--- a/Ext4Crypt.h
+++ b/Ext4Crypt.h
@@ -14,29 +14,27 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <stdbool.h>
-#include <sys/cdefs.h>
+#include <string>
 
 #include <cutils/multiuser.h>
 
-__BEGIN_DECLS
-
-// General functions
-bool e4crypt_is_native();
 bool e4crypt_initialize_global_de();
 
 bool e4crypt_init_user0();
 bool e4crypt_vold_create_user_key(userid_t user_id, int serial, bool ephemeral);
 bool e4crypt_destroy_user_key(userid_t user_id);
-bool e4crypt_add_user_key_auth(userid_t user_id, int serial, const char* token,
-                               const char* secret);
+bool e4crypt_add_user_key_auth(userid_t user_id, int serial, const std::string& token,
+                               const std::string& secret);
 bool e4crypt_fixate_newest_user_key_auth(userid_t user_id);
 
-bool e4crypt_unlock_user_key(userid_t user_id, int serial, const char* token, const char* secret);
+bool e4crypt_unlock_user_key(userid_t user_id, int serial, const std::string& token,
+                             const std::string& secret);
 bool e4crypt_lock_user_key(userid_t user_id);
 
-bool e4crypt_prepare_user_storage(const char* volume_uuid, userid_t user_id, int serial, int flags);
-bool e4crypt_destroy_user_storage(const char* volume_uuid, userid_t user_id, int flags);
+bool e4crypt_prepare_user_storage(const std::string& volume_uuid, userid_t user_id, int serial,
+                                  int flags);
+bool e4crypt_destroy_user_storage(const std::string& volume_uuid, userid_t user_id, int flags);
 
-bool e4crypt_secdiscard(const char* path);
-__END_DECLS
+bool e4crypt_destroy_volume_keys(const std::string& volume_uuid);
+
+bool e4crypt_secdiscard(const std::string& path);
diff --git a/IdleMaint.cpp b/IdleMaint.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62086cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/IdleMaint.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,322 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "IdleMaint.h"
+#include "Utils.h"
+#include "VolumeManager.h"
+#include "model/PrivateVolume.h"
+
+#include <thread>
+
+#include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <fs_mgr.h>
+#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
+#include <hardware_legacy/power.h>
+
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+
+using android::base::Basename;
+using android::base::ReadFileToString;
+using android::base::Realpath;
+using android::base::StringPrintf;
+using android::base::Timer;
+using android::base::WriteStringToFile;
+
+namespace android {
+namespace vold {
+
+enum class PathTypes {
+    kMountPoint = 1,
+    kBlkDevice,
+};
+
+enum class IdleMaintStats {
+    kStopped = 1,
+    kRunning,
+    kAbort,
+};
+
+static const char* kWakeLock = "IdleMaint";
+static const int DIRTY_SEGMENTS_THRESHOLD = 100;
+static const int GC_TIMEOUT_SEC = 480;
+
+static IdleMaintStats idle_maint_stat(IdleMaintStats::kStopped);
+static std::condition_variable cv_abort, cv_stop;
+static std::mutex cv_m;
+
+static void addFromVolumeManager(std::list<std::string>* paths,
+                                 PathTypes path_type) {
+    VolumeManager* vm = VolumeManager::Instance();
+    std::list<std::string> privateIds;
+    vm->listVolumes(VolumeBase::Type::kPrivate, privateIds);
+    for (const auto& id : privateIds) {
+        PrivateVolume* vol = static_cast<PrivateVolume*>(vm->findVolume(id).get());
+        if (vol != nullptr && vol->getState() == VolumeBase::State::kMounted) {
+            if (path_type == PathTypes::kMountPoint) {
+                paths->push_back(vol->getPath());
+            } else if (path_type == PathTypes::kBlkDevice) {
+                std::string gc_path;
+                const std::string& fs_type = vol->getFsType();
+                if (fs_type == "f2fs" &&
+                    Realpath(vol->getRawDevPath(), &gc_path)) {
+                    paths->push_back(std::string("/sys/fs/") + fs_type +
+                                     "/" + Basename(gc_path));
+                }
+            }
+
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void addFromFstab(std::list<std::string>* paths, PathTypes path_type) {
+    std::unique_ptr<fstab, decltype(&fs_mgr_free_fstab)> fstab(fs_mgr_read_fstab_default(),
+                                                               fs_mgr_free_fstab);
+    struct fstab_rec *prev_rec = NULL;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < fstab->num_entries; i++) {
+        auto fs_type = std::string(fstab->recs[i].fs_type);
+        /* Skip raw partitions */
+        if (fs_type == "emmc" || fs_type == "mtd") {
+            continue;
+        }
+        /* Skip read-only filesystems */
+        if (fstab->recs[i].flags & MS_RDONLY) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (fs_mgr_is_voldmanaged(&fstab->recs[i])) {
+            continue; /* Should we trim fat32 filesystems? */
+        }
+        if (fs_mgr_is_notrim(&fstab->recs[i])) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        /* Skip the multi-type partitions, which are required to be following each other.
+         * See fs_mgr.c's mount_with_alternatives().
+         */
+        if (prev_rec && !strcmp(prev_rec->mount_point, fstab->recs[i].mount_point)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (path_type == PathTypes::kMountPoint) {
+            paths->push_back(fstab->recs[i].mount_point);
+        } else if (path_type == PathTypes::kBlkDevice) {
+            std::string gc_path;
+            if (std::string(fstab->recs[i].fs_type) == "f2fs" &&
+                Realpath(fstab->recs[i].blk_device, &gc_path)) {
+                paths->push_back(std::string("/sys/fs/") + fstab->recs[i].fs_type +
+                                 "/" + Basename(gc_path));
+            }
+        }
+
+        prev_rec = &fstab->recs[i];
+    }
+}
+
+void Trim(const android::sp<android::os::IVoldTaskListener>& listener) {
+    acquire_wake_lock(PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK, kWakeLock);
+
+    // Collect both fstab and vold volumes
+    std::list<std::string> paths;
+    addFromFstab(&paths, PathTypes::kMountPoint);
+    addFromVolumeManager(&paths, PathTypes::kMountPoint);
+
+    for (const auto& path : paths) {
+        LOG(DEBUG) << "Starting trim of " << path;
+
+        android::os::PersistableBundle extras;
+        extras.putString(String16("path"), String16(path.c_str()));
+
+        int fd = open(path.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC | O_NOFOLLOW);
+        if (fd < 0) {
+            PLOG(WARNING) << "Failed to open " << path;
+            if (listener) {
+                listener->onStatus(-1, extras);
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        struct fstrim_range range;
+        memset(&range, 0, sizeof(range));
+        range.len = ULLONG_MAX;
+
+        nsecs_t start = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_BOOTTIME);
+        if (ioctl(fd, FITRIM, &range)) {
+            PLOG(WARNING) << "Trim failed on " << path;
+            if (listener) {
+                listener->onStatus(-1, extras);
+            }
+        } else {
+            nsecs_t time = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_BOOTTIME) - start;
+            LOG(INFO) << "Trimmed " << range.len << " bytes on " << path
+                    << " in " << nanoseconds_to_milliseconds(time) << "ms";
+            extras.putLong(String16("bytes"), range.len);
+            extras.putLong(String16("time"), time);
+            if (listener) {
+                listener->onStatus(0, extras);
+            }
+        }
+        close(fd);
+    }
+
+    if (listener) {
+        android::os::PersistableBundle extras;
+        listener->onFinished(0, extras);
+    }
+
+    release_wake_lock(kWakeLock);
+}
+
+static bool waitForGc(const std::list<std::string>& paths) {
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(cv_m, std::defer_lock);
+    bool stop = false, aborted = false;
+    Timer timer;
+
+    while (!stop && !aborted) {
+        stop = true;
+        for (const auto& path : paths) {
+            std::string dirty_segments;
+            if (!ReadFileToString(path + "/dirty_segments", &dirty_segments)) {
+                PLOG(WARNING) << "Reading dirty_segments failed in " << path;
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (std::stoi(dirty_segments) > DIRTY_SEGMENTS_THRESHOLD) {
+                stop = false;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (stop) break;
+
+        if (timer.duration() >= std::chrono::seconds(GC_TIMEOUT_SEC)) {
+            LOG(WARNING) << "GC timeout";
+            break;
+        }
+
+        lk.lock();
+        aborted = cv_abort.wait_for(lk, 10s, []{
+            return idle_maint_stat == IdleMaintStats::kAbort;});
+        lk.unlock();
+    }
+
+    return aborted;
+}
+
+static int startGc(const std::list<std::string>& paths) {
+    for (const auto& path : paths) {
+        LOG(DEBUG) << "Start GC on " << path;
+        if (!WriteStringToFile("1", path + "/gc_urgent")) {
+            PLOG(WARNING) << "Start GC failed on " << path;
+        }
+    }
+    return android::OK;
+}
+
+static int stopGc(const std::list<std::string>& paths) {
+    for (const auto& path : paths) {
+        LOG(DEBUG) << "Stop GC on " << path;
+        if (!WriteStringToFile("0", path + "/gc_urgent")) {
+            PLOG(WARNING) << "Stop GC failed on " << path;
+        }
+    }
+    return android::OK;
+}
+
+int RunIdleMaint(const android::sp<android::os::IVoldTaskListener>& listener) {
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(cv_m);
+    if (idle_maint_stat != IdleMaintStats::kStopped) {
+        LOG(DEBUG) << "idle maintenance is already running";
+        if (listener) {
+            android::os::PersistableBundle extras;
+            listener->onFinished(0, extras);
+        }
+        return android::OK;
+    }
+    idle_maint_stat = IdleMaintStats::kRunning;
+    lk.unlock();
+
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "idle maintenance started";
+
+    acquire_wake_lock(PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK, kWakeLock);
+
+    std::list<std::string> paths;
+    addFromFstab(&paths, PathTypes::kBlkDevice);
+    addFromVolumeManager(&paths, PathTypes::kBlkDevice);
+
+    startGc(paths);
+
+    bool gc_aborted = waitForGc(paths);
+
+    stopGc(paths);
+
+    lk.lock();
+    idle_maint_stat = IdleMaintStats::kStopped;
+    lk.unlock();
+
+    cv_stop.notify_one();
+
+    if (!gc_aborted) {
+        Trim(nullptr);
+    }
+
+    if (listener) {
+        android::os::PersistableBundle extras;
+        listener->onFinished(0, extras);
+    }
+
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "idle maintenance completed";
+
+    release_wake_lock(kWakeLock);
+
+    return android::OK;
+}
+
+int AbortIdleMaint(const android::sp<android::os::IVoldTaskListener>& listener) {
+    acquire_wake_lock(PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK, kWakeLock);
+
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(cv_m);
+    if (idle_maint_stat != IdleMaintStats::kStopped) {
+        idle_maint_stat = IdleMaintStats::kAbort;
+        lk.unlock();
+        cv_abort.notify_one();
+        lk.lock();
+        LOG(DEBUG) << "aborting idle maintenance";
+        cv_stop.wait(lk, []{
+            return idle_maint_stat == IdleMaintStats::kStopped;});
+    }
+    lk.unlock();
+
+    if (listener) {
+        android::os::PersistableBundle extras;
+        listener->onFinished(0, extras);
+    }
+
+    release_wake_lock(kWakeLock);
+
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "idle maintenance stopped";
+
+    return android::OK;
+}
+
+}  // namespace vold
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/MoveTask.h b/IdleMaint.h
similarity index 60%
rename from MoveTask.h
rename to IdleMaint.h
index b1777c0..e043db4 100644
--- a/MoveTask.h
+++ b/IdleMaint.h
@@ -14,33 +14,17 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef ANDROID_VOLD_MOVE_TASK_H
-#define ANDROID_VOLD_MOVE_TASK_H
+#ifndef ANDROID_VOLD_IDLE_MAINT_H
+#define ANDROID_VOLD_IDLE_MAINT_H
 
-#include "Utils.h"
-#include "VolumeBase.h"
-
-#include <thread>
+#include "android/os/IVoldTaskListener.h"
 
 namespace android {
 namespace vold {
 
-class MoveTask {
-public:
-    MoveTask(const std::shared_ptr<VolumeBase>& from, const std::shared_ptr<VolumeBase>& to);
-    virtual ~MoveTask();
-
-    void start();
-
-private:
-    std::shared_ptr<VolumeBase> mFrom;
-    std::shared_ptr<VolumeBase> mTo;
-    std::thread mThread;
-
-    void run();
-
-    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(MoveTask);
-};
+void Trim(const android::sp<android::os::IVoldTaskListener>& listener);
+int RunIdleMaint(const android::sp<android::os::IVoldTaskListener>& listener);
+int AbortIdleMaint(const android::sp<android::os::IVoldTaskListener>& listener);
 
 }  // namespace vold
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/KeyStorage.cpp b/KeyStorage.cpp
index 20b2391..be43b33 100644
--- a/KeyStorage.cpp
+++ b/KeyStorage.cpp
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-static std::string hashWithPrefix(char const* prefix, const std::string& tohash) {
+static void hashWithPrefix(char const* prefix, const std::string& tohash, std::string* res) {
     SHA512_CTX c;
 
     SHA512_Init(&c);
@@ -100,9 +100,8 @@
     hashingPrefix.resize(SHA512_CBLOCK);
     SHA512_Update(&c, hashingPrefix.data(), hashingPrefix.size());
     SHA512_Update(&c, tohash.data(), tohash.size());
-    std::string res(SHA512_DIGEST_LENGTH, '\0');
-    SHA512_Final(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(&res[0]), &c);
-    return res;
+    res->assign(SHA512_DIGEST_LENGTH, '\0');
+    SHA512_Final(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(&(*res)[0]), &c);
 }
 
 static bool generateKeymasterKey(Keymaster& keymaster, const KeyAuthentication& auth,
@@ -180,6 +179,30 @@
     return true;
 }
 
+static bool readRandomBytesOrLog(size_t count, std::string* out) {
+    auto status = ReadRandomBytes(count, *out);
+    if (status != OK) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Random read failed with status: " << status;
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool createSecdiscardable(const std::string& filename, std::string* hash) {
+    std::string secdiscardable;
+    if (!readRandomBytesOrLog(SECDISCARDABLE_BYTES, &secdiscardable)) return false;
+    if (!writeStringToFile(secdiscardable, filename)) return false;
+    hashWithPrefix(kHashPrefix_secdiscardable, secdiscardable, hash);
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool readSecdiscardable(const std::string& filename, std::string* hash) {
+    std::string secdiscardable;
+    if (!readFileToString(filename, &secdiscardable)) return false;
+    hashWithPrefix(kHashPrefix_secdiscardable, secdiscardable, hash);
+    return true;
+}
+
 static KeymasterOperation begin(Keymaster& keymaster, const std::string& dir,
                                 KeyPurpose purpose,
                                 const AuthorizationSet &keyParams,
@@ -303,20 +326,11 @@
 }
 
 static bool generateAppId(const KeyAuthentication& auth, const std::string& stretching,
-                          const std::string& salt, const std::string& secdiscardable,
+                          const std::string& salt, const std::string& secdiscardable_hash,
                           std::string* appId) {
     std::string stretched;
     if (!stretchSecret(stretching, auth.secret, salt, &stretched)) return false;
-    *appId = hashWithPrefix(kHashPrefix_secdiscardable, secdiscardable) + stretched;
-    return true;
-}
-
-static bool readRandomBytesOrLog(size_t count, std::string* out) {
-    auto status = ReadRandomBytes(count, *out);
-    if (status != OK) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Random read failed with status: " << status;
-        return false;
-    }
+    *appId = secdiscardable_hash + stretched;
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -326,7 +340,8 @@
 
 static bool encryptWithoutKeymaster(const std::string& preKey,
                                     const KeyBuffer& plaintext, std::string* ciphertext) {
-    auto key = hashWithPrefix(kHashPrefix_keygen, preKey);
+    std::string key;
+    hashWithPrefix(kHashPrefix_keygen, preKey, &key);
     key.resize(AES_KEY_BYTES);
     if (!readRandomBytesOrLog(GCM_NONCE_BYTES, ciphertext)) return false;
     auto ctx = std::unique_ptr<EVP_CIPHER_CTX, decltype(&::EVP_CIPHER_CTX_free)>(
@@ -376,7 +391,8 @@
         LOG(ERROR) << "GCM ciphertext too small: " << ciphertext.size();
         return false;
     }
-    auto key = hashWithPrefix(kHashPrefix_keygen, preKey);
+    std::string key;
+    hashWithPrefix(kHashPrefix_keygen, preKey, &key);
     key.resize(AES_KEY_BYTES);
     auto ctx = std::unique_ptr<EVP_CIPHER_CTX, decltype(&::EVP_CIPHER_CTX_free)>(
         EVP_CIPHER_CTX_new(), EVP_CIPHER_CTX_free);
@@ -430,9 +446,8 @@
         return false;
     }
     if (!writeStringToFile(kCurrentVersion, dir + "/" + kFn_version)) return false;
-    std::string secdiscardable;
-    if (!readRandomBytesOrLog(SECDISCARDABLE_BYTES, &secdiscardable)) return false;
-    if (!writeStringToFile(secdiscardable, dir + "/" + kFn_secdiscardable)) return false;
+    std::string secdiscardable_hash;
+    if (!createSecdiscardable(dir + "/" + kFn_secdiscardable, &secdiscardable_hash)) return false;
     std::string stretching = getStretching(auth);
     if (!writeStringToFile(stretching, dir + "/" + kFn_stretching)) return false;
     std::string salt;
@@ -444,7 +459,7 @@
         if (!writeStringToFile(salt, dir + "/" + kFn_salt)) return false;
     }
     std::string appId;
-    if (!generateAppId(auth, stretching, salt, secdiscardable, &appId)) return false;
+    if (!generateAppId(auth, stretching, salt, secdiscardable_hash, &appId)) return false;
     std::string encryptedKey;
     if (auth.usesKeymaster()) {
         Keymaster keymaster;
@@ -487,8 +502,8 @@
         LOG(ERROR) << "Version mismatch, expected " << kCurrentVersion << " got " << version;
         return false;
     }
-    std::string secdiscardable;
-    if (!readFileToString(dir + "/" + kFn_secdiscardable, &secdiscardable)) return false;
+    std::string secdiscardable_hash;
+    if (!readSecdiscardable(dir + "/" + kFn_secdiscardable, &secdiscardable_hash)) return false;
     std::string stretching;
     if (!readFileToString(dir + "/" + kFn_stretching, &stretching)) return false;
     std::string salt;
@@ -496,7 +511,7 @@
         if (!readFileToString(dir + "/" + kFn_salt, &salt)) return false;
     }
     std::string appId;
-    if (!generateAppId(auth, stretching, salt, secdiscardable, &appId)) return false;
+    if (!generateAppId(auth, stretching, salt, secdiscardable_hash, &appId)) return false;
     std::string encryptedMessage;
     if (!readFileToString(dir + "/" + kFn_encrypted_key, &encryptedMessage)) return false;
     if (auth.usesKeymaster()) {
@@ -519,19 +534,6 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-static bool runSecdiscard(const std::string& dir) {
-    if (ForkExecvp(
-            std::vector<std::string>{kSecdiscardPath, "--",
-                dir + "/" + kFn_encrypted_key,
-                dir + "/" + kFn_keymaster_key_blob,
-                dir + "/" + kFn_secdiscardable,
-                }) != 0) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "secdiscard failed";
-        return false;
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
 bool runSecdiscardSingle(const std::string& file) {
     if (ForkExecvp(
             std::vector<std::string>{kSecdiscardPath, "--",
@@ -553,8 +555,20 @@
 bool destroyKey(const std::string& dir) {
     bool success = true;
     // Try each thing, even if previous things failed.
-    success &= deleteKey(dir);
-    success &= runSecdiscard(dir);
+    bool uses_km = pathExists(dir + "/" + kFn_keymaster_key_blob);
+    if (uses_km) {
+        success &= deleteKey(dir);
+    }
+    auto secdiscard_cmd = std::vector<std::string>{
+        kSecdiscardPath, "--", dir + "/" + kFn_encrypted_key, dir + "/" + kFn_secdiscardable,
+    };
+    if (uses_km) {
+        secdiscard_cmd.emplace_back(dir + "/" + kFn_keymaster_key_blob);
+    }
+    if (ForkExecvp(secdiscard_cmd) != 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "secdiscard failed";
+        success = false;
+    }
     success &= recursiveDeleteKey(dir);
     return success;
 }
diff --git a/KeyStorage.h b/KeyStorage.h
index 655cd17..786e5b4 100644
--- a/KeyStorage.h
+++ b/KeyStorage.h
@@ -44,6 +44,9 @@
 // Checks if path "path" exists.
 bool pathExists(const std::string& path);
 
+bool createSecdiscardable(const std::string& path, std::string* hash);
+bool readSecdiscardable(const std::string& path, std::string* hash);
+
 // Create a directory at the named path, and store "key" in it,
 // in such a way that it can only be retrieved via Keymaster and
 // can be securely deleted.
diff --git a/KeyUtil.cpp b/KeyUtil.cpp
index dbc73c1..9885440 100644
--- a/KeyUtil.cpp
+++ b/KeyUtil.cpp
@@ -161,12 +161,13 @@
     return success;
 }
 
-bool retrieveAndInstallKey(bool create_if_absent, const std::string& key_path,
-                           const std::string& tmp_path, std::string* key_ref) {
+bool retrieveAndInstallKey(bool create_if_absent, const KeyAuthentication& key_authentication,
+                           const std::string& key_path, const std::string& tmp_path,
+                           std::string* key_ref) {
     KeyBuffer key;
     if (pathExists(key_path)) {
         LOG(DEBUG) << "Key exists, using: " << key_path;
-        if (!retrieveKey(key_path, kEmptyAuthentication, &key)) return false;
+        if (!retrieveKey(key_path, key_authentication, &key)) return false;
     } else {
         if (!create_if_absent) {
            LOG(ERROR) << "No key found in " << key_path;
@@ -174,8 +175,7 @@
         }
         LOG(INFO) << "Creating new key in " << key_path;
         if (!randomKey(&key)) return false;
-        if (!storeKeyAtomically(key_path, tmp_path,
-                kEmptyAuthentication, key)) return false;
+        if (!storeKeyAtomically(key_path, tmp_path, key_authentication, key)) return false;
     }
 
     if (!installKey(key, key_ref)) {
diff --git a/KeyUtil.h b/KeyUtil.h
index 412b0ae..a85eca1 100644
--- a/KeyUtil.h
+++ b/KeyUtil.h
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #define ANDROID_VOLD_KEYUTIL_H
 
 #include "KeyBuffer.h"
+#include "KeyStorage.h"
 
 #include <string>
 #include <memory>
@@ -28,8 +29,9 @@
 bool randomKey(KeyBuffer* key);
 bool installKey(const KeyBuffer& key, std::string* raw_ref);
 bool evictKey(const std::string& raw_ref);
-bool retrieveAndInstallKey(bool create_if_absent, const std::string& key_path,
-                           const std::string& tmp_path, std::string* key_ref);
+bool retrieveAndInstallKey(bool create_if_absent, const KeyAuthentication& key_authentication,
+                           const std::string& key_path, const std::string& tmp_path,
+                           std::string* key_ref);
 bool retrieveKey(bool create_if_absent, const std::string& key_path,
                  const std::string& tmp_path, KeyBuffer* key);
 
diff --git a/Keymaster.h b/Keymaster.h
index 303bc63..6eec6e9 100644
--- a/Keymaster.h
+++ b/Keymaster.h
@@ -17,8 +17,6 @@
 #ifndef ANDROID_VOLD_KEYMASTER_H
 #define ANDROID_VOLD_KEYMASTER_H
 
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-
 #include "KeyBuffer.h"
 
 #include <memory>
@@ -127,8 +125,7 @@
 }  // namespace vold
 }  // namespace android
 
-#endif // __cplusplus
-
+// FIXME no longer needed now cryptfs is in C++.
 
 /*
  * The following functions provide C bindings to keymaster services
@@ -138,7 +135,6 @@
  * The sign_object function signes an object with the given keymaster
  * key.
  */
-__BEGIN_DECLS
 
 /* Return values for keymaster_sign_object_for_cryptfs_scrypt */
 
@@ -165,6 +161,5 @@
     const uint8_t* key_blob, size_t key_blob_size, uint32_t ratelimit, const uint8_t* object,
     const size_t object_size, uint8_t** signature_buffer, size_t* signature_buffer_size);
 
-__END_DECLS
 
 #endif
diff --git a/Loop.cpp b/Loop.cpp
index 6ec5e6d..3736d6a 100644
--- a/Loop.cpp
+++ b/Loop.cpp
@@ -14,8 +14,11 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_PACKAGE_MANAGER
+
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <errno.h>
@@ -28,213 +31,20 @@
 
 #include <linux/kdev_t.h>
 
-#define LOG_TAG "Vold"
-
-#include <cutils/log.h>
-
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+#include <utils/Trace.h>
 
-#include <sysutils/SocketClient.h>
 #include "Loop.h"
-#include "Asec.h"
 #include "VoldUtil.h"
 #include "sehandle.h"
 
 using android::base::StringPrintf;
 using android::base::unique_fd;
 
-int Loop::dumpState(SocketClient *c) {
-    int i;
-    int fd;
-    char filename[256];
-
-    for (i = 0; i < LOOP_MAX; i++) {
-        struct loop_info64 li;
-        int rc;
-
-        snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "/dev/block/loop%d", i);
-
-        if ((fd = open(filename, O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
-            if (errno != ENOENT) {
-                SLOGE("Unable to open %s (%s)", filename, strerror(errno));
-            } else {
-                continue;
-            }
-            return -1;
-        }
-
-        rc = ioctl(fd, LOOP_GET_STATUS64, &li);
-        close(fd);
-        if (rc < 0 && errno == ENXIO) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        if (rc < 0) {
-            SLOGE("Unable to get loop status for %s (%s)", filename,
-                 strerror(errno));
-            return -1;
-        }
-        char *tmp = NULL;
-        asprintf(&tmp, "%s %d %lld:%lld %llu %lld:%lld %lld 0x%x {%s} {%s}", filename, li.lo_number,
-                MAJOR(li.lo_device), MINOR(li.lo_device), li.lo_inode, MAJOR(li.lo_rdevice),
-                        MINOR(li.lo_rdevice), li.lo_offset, li.lo_flags, li.lo_crypt_name,
-                        li.lo_file_name);
-        c->sendMsg(0, tmp, false);
-        free(tmp);
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int Loop::lookupActive(const char *id, char *buffer, size_t len) {
-    int i;
-    int fd;
-    char filename[256];
-
-    memset(buffer, 0, len);
-
-    for (i = 0; i < LOOP_MAX; i++) {
-        struct loop_info64 li;
-        int rc;
-
-        snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "/dev/block/loop%d", i);
-
-        if ((fd = open(filename, O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
-            if (errno != ENOENT) {
-                SLOGE("Unable to open %s (%s)", filename, strerror(errno));
-            } else {
-                continue;
-            }
-            return -1;
-        }
-
-        rc = ioctl(fd, LOOP_GET_STATUS64, &li);
-        if (rc < 0 && errno == ENXIO) {
-            close(fd);
-            continue;
-        }
-        close(fd);
-
-        if (rc < 0) {
-            SLOGE("Unable to get loop status for %s (%s)", filename,
-                 strerror(errno));
-            return -1;
-        }
-        if (!strncmp((const char*) li.lo_crypt_name, id, LO_NAME_SIZE)) {
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (i == LOOP_MAX) {
-        errno = ENOENT;
-        return -1;
-    }
-    strlcpy(buffer, filename, len);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int Loop::create(const char *id, const char *loopFile, char *loopDeviceBuffer, size_t len) {
-    int i;
-    int fd;
-    char filename[256];
-
-    for (i = 0; i < LOOP_MAX; i++) {
-        struct loop_info64 li;
-        int rc;
-        char *secontext = NULL;
-
-        snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "/dev/block/loop%d", i);
-
-        /*
-         * The kernel starts us off with 8 loop nodes, but more
-         * are created on-demand if needed.
-         */
-        mode_t mode = 0660 | S_IFBLK;
-        unsigned int dev = (0xff & i) | ((i << 12) & 0xfff00000) | (7 << 8);
-
-        if (sehandle) {
-            rc = selabel_lookup(sehandle, &secontext, filename, S_IFBLK);
-            if (rc == 0)
-                setfscreatecon(secontext);
-        }
-
-        if (mknod(filename, mode, dev) < 0) {
-            if (errno != EEXIST) {
-                int sverrno = errno;
-                SLOGE("Error creating loop device node (%s)", strerror(errno));
-                if (secontext) {
-                    freecon(secontext);
-                    setfscreatecon(NULL);
-                }
-                errno = sverrno;
-                return -1;
-            }
-        }
-        if (secontext) {
-            freecon(secontext);
-            setfscreatecon(NULL);
-        }
-
-        if ((fd = open(filename, O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
-            SLOGE("Unable to open %s (%s)", filename, strerror(errno));
-            return -1;
-        }
-
-        rc = ioctl(fd, LOOP_GET_STATUS64, &li);
-        if (rc < 0 && errno == ENXIO)
-            break;
-
-        close(fd);
-
-        if (rc < 0) {
-            SLOGE("Unable to get loop status for %s (%s)", filename,
-                 strerror(errno));
-            return -1;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (i == LOOP_MAX) {
-        SLOGE("Exhausted all loop devices");
-        errno = ENOSPC;
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    strlcpy(loopDeviceBuffer, filename, len);
-
-    int file_fd;
-
-    if ((file_fd = open(loopFile, O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
-        SLOGE("Unable to open %s (%s)", loopFile, strerror(errno));
-        close(fd);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (ioctl(fd, LOOP_SET_FD, file_fd) < 0) {
-        SLOGE("Error setting up loopback interface (%s)", strerror(errno));
-        close(file_fd);
-        close(fd);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    struct loop_info64 li;
-
-    memset(&li, 0, sizeof(li));
-    strlcpy((char*) li.lo_crypt_name, id, LO_NAME_SIZE);
-    strlcpy((char*) li.lo_file_name, loopFile, LO_NAME_SIZE);
-
-    if (ioctl(fd, LOOP_SET_STATUS64, &li) < 0) {
-        SLOGE("Error setting loopback status (%s)", strerror(errno));
-        close(file_fd);
-        close(fd);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    close(fd);
-    close(file_fd);
-
-    return 0;
-}
+static const char* kVoldPrefix = "vold:";
 
 int Loop::create(const std::string& target, std::string& out_device) {
     unique_fd ctl_fd(open("/dev/loop-control", O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC));
@@ -267,6 +77,14 @@
         return -errno;
     }
 
+    struct loop_info64 li;
+    memset(&li, 0, sizeof(li));
+    strlcpy((char*) li.lo_crypt_name, kVoldPrefix, LO_NAME_SIZE);
+    if (ioctl(device_fd.get(), LOOP_SET_STATUS64, &li) == -1) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to LOOP_SET_STATUS64";
+        return -errno;
+    }
+
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -275,12 +93,12 @@
 
     device_fd = open(loopDevice, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
     if (device_fd < 0) {
-        SLOGE("Failed to open loop (%d)", errno);
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open " << loopDevice;
         return -1;
     }
 
     if (ioctl(device_fd, LOOP_CLR_FD, 0) < 0) {
-        SLOGE("Failed to destroy loop (%d)", errno);
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to destroy " << loopDevice;
         close(device_fd);
         return -1;
     }
@@ -289,9 +107,52 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-int Loop::destroyByFile(const char * /*loopFile*/) {
-    errno = ENOSYS;
-    return -1;
+int Loop::destroyAll() {
+    ATRACE_NAME("Loop::destroyAll");
+
+    DIR* dir;
+    struct dirent* de;
+
+    std::string root = "/dev/block/";
+    if (!(dir = opendir(root.c_str()))) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to opendir";
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    // Poke through all devices looking for loops
+    while ((de = readdir(dir))) {
+        auto test = std::string(de->d_name);
+        if (!android::base::StartsWith(test, "loop")) continue;
+
+        auto path = root + de->d_name;
+        unique_fd fd(open(path.c_str(), O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC));
+        if (fd.get() == -1) {
+            if (errno != ENOENT) {
+                PLOG(WARNING) << "Failed to open " << path;
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        struct loop_info64 li;
+        if (ioctl(fd.get(), LOOP_GET_STATUS64, &li) < 0) {
+            PLOG(WARNING) << "Failed to LOOP_GET_STATUS64 " << path;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        auto id = std::string((char*) li.lo_crypt_name);
+        if (android::base::StartsWith(id, kVoldPrefix)) {
+            LOG(DEBUG) << "Tearing down stale loop device at " << path << " named " << id;
+
+            if (ioctl(fd.get(), LOOP_CLR_FD, 0) < 0) {
+                PLOG(WARNING) << "Failed to LOOP_CLR_FD " << path;
+            }
+        } else {
+            LOG(VERBOSE) << "Found unmanaged loop device at " << path << " named " << id;
+        }
+    }
+
+    closedir(dir);
+    return 0;
 }
 
 int Loop::createImageFile(const char *file, unsigned long numSectors) {
@@ -314,22 +175,22 @@
     int fd;
 
     if ((fd = open(file, O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
-        SLOGE("Error opening imagefile (%s)", strerror(errno));
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open " << file;
         return -1;
     }
 
-    SLOGD("Attempting to increase size of %s to %lu sectors.", file, numSectors);
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "Attempting to increase " << file << " to " << numSectors;
 
     if (fallocate(fd, 0, 0, numSectors * 512)) {
         if (errno == ENOSYS || errno == ENOTSUP) {
-            SLOGW("fallocate not found. Falling back to ftruncate.");
+            PLOG(WARNING) << "fallocate not found. Falling back to ftruncate.";
             if (ftruncate(fd, numSectors * 512) < 0) {
-                SLOGE("Error truncating imagefile (%s)", strerror(errno));
+                PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to ftruncate";
                 close(fd);
                 return -1;
             }
         } else {
-            SLOGE("Error allocating space (%s)", strerror(errno));
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to fallocate";
             close(fd);
             return -1;
         }
@@ -337,46 +198,3 @@
     close(fd);
     return 0;
 }
-
-int Loop::lookupInfo(const char *loopDevice, struct asec_superblock *sb, unsigned long *nr_sec) {
-    int fd;
-    struct asec_superblock buffer;
-
-    if ((fd = open(loopDevice, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
-        SLOGE("Failed to open loopdevice (%s)", strerror(errno));
-        destroyByDevice(loopDevice);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    get_blkdev_size(fd, nr_sec);
-    if (*nr_sec == 0) {
-        SLOGE("Failed to get loop size (%s)", strerror(errno));
-        destroyByDevice(loopDevice);
-        close(fd);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    /*
-     * Try to read superblock.
-     */
-    memset(&buffer, 0, sizeof(struct asec_superblock));
-    if (lseek(fd, ((*nr_sec - 1) * 512), SEEK_SET) < 0) {
-        SLOGE("lseek failed (%s)", strerror(errno));
-        close(fd);
-        destroyByDevice(loopDevice);
-        return -1;
-    }
-    if (read(fd, &buffer, sizeof(struct asec_superblock)) != sizeof(struct asec_superblock)) {
-        SLOGE("superblock read failed (%s)", strerror(errno));
-        close(fd);
-        destroyByDevice(loopDevice);
-        return -1;
-    }
-    close(fd);
-
-    /*
-     * Superblock successfully read. Copy to caller's struct.
-     */
-    memcpy(sb, &buffer, sizeof(struct asec_superblock));
-    return 0;
-}
diff --git a/Loop.h b/Loop.h
index 5d8f427..130c5b6 100644
--- a/Loop.h
+++ b/Loop.h
@@ -21,22 +21,15 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <linux/loop.h>
 
-class SocketClient;
-
 class Loop {
 public:
     static const int LOOP_MAX = 4096;
 public:
-    static int lookupActive(const char *id, char *buffer, size_t len);
-    static int lookupInfo(const char *loopDevice, struct asec_superblock *sb, unsigned long *nr_sec);
-    static int create(const char *id, const char *loopFile, char *loopDeviceBuffer, size_t len);
     static int create(const std::string& file, std::string& out_device);
     static int destroyByDevice(const char *loopDevice);
-    static int destroyByFile(const char *loopFile);
+    static int destroyAll();
     static int createImageFile(const char *file, unsigned long numSectors);
     static int resizeImageFile(const char *file, unsigned long numSectors);
-
-    static int dumpState(SocketClient *c);
 };
 
 #endif
diff --git a/MetadataCrypt.cpp b/MetadataCrypt.cpp
index 8311813..24047f9 100644
--- a/MetadataCrypt.cpp
+++ b/MetadataCrypt.cpp
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@
 #include "Utils.h"
 #include "VoldUtil.h"
 
-extern struct fstab *fstab;
 #define DM_CRYPT_BUF_SIZE 4096
 #define TABLE_LOAD_RETRIES 10
 #define DEFAULT_KEY_TARGET_TYPE "default-key"
@@ -58,7 +57,7 @@
         PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to setexeccon";
         return false;
     }
-    auto mount_rc = fs_mgr_do_mount(fstab, const_cast<char*>(mount_point),
+    auto mount_rc = fs_mgr_do_mount(fstab_default, const_cast<char*>(mount_point),
                                     const_cast<char*>(blk_device), nullptr);
     if (setexeccon(nullptr)) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to clear setexeccon";
@@ -73,7 +72,7 @@
 }
 
 static bool read_key(bool create_if_absent, KeyBuffer* key) {
-    auto data_rec = fs_mgr_get_crypt_entry(fstab);
+    auto data_rec = fs_mgr_get_crypt_entry(fstab_default);
     if (!data_rec) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get data_rec";
         return false;
@@ -253,7 +252,7 @@
     LOG(DEBUG) << "e4crypt_mount_default_encrypted";
     KeyBuffer key;
     if (!read_key(false, &key)) return false;
-    auto data_rec = fs_mgr_get_crypt_entry(fstab);
+    auto data_rec = fs_mgr_get_crypt_entry(fstab_default);
     if (!data_rec) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get data_rec";
         return false;
@@ -283,7 +282,7 @@
     KeyBuffer key_ref;
     if (!read_key(true, &key_ref)) return false;
 
-    auto data_rec = fs_mgr_get_crypt_entry(fstab);
+    auto data_rec = fs_mgr_get_crypt_entry(fstab_default);
     if (!data_rec) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get data_rec";
         return false;
diff --git a/MoveTask.cpp b/MoveStorage.cpp
similarity index 76%
rename from MoveTask.cpp
rename to MoveStorage.cpp
index c565752..4f5ebe8 100644
--- a/MoveTask.cpp
+++ b/MoveStorage.cpp
@@ -14,16 +14,17 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include "MoveTask.h"
+#include "MoveStorage.h"
 #include "Utils.h"
 #include "VolumeManager.h"
-#include "ResponseCode.h"
 
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
 #include <hardware_legacy/power.h>
 
+#include <thread>
+
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <sys/wait.h>
 
@@ -45,21 +46,12 @@
 
 static const char* kWakeLock = "MoveTask";
 
-MoveTask::MoveTask(const std::shared_ptr<VolumeBase>& from,
-        const std::shared_ptr<VolumeBase>& to) :
-        mFrom(from), mTo(to) {
-}
-
-MoveTask::~MoveTask() {
-}
-
-void MoveTask::start() {
-    mThread = std::thread(&MoveTask::run, this);
-}
-
-static void notifyProgress(int progress) {
-    VolumeManager::Instance()->getBroadcaster()->sendBroadcast(ResponseCode::MoveStatus,
-            StringPrintf("%d", progress).c_str(), false);
+static void notifyProgress(int progress,
+        const android::sp<android::os::IVoldTaskListener>& listener) {
+    if (listener) {
+        android::os::PersistableBundle extras;
+        listener->onStatus(progress, extras);
+    }
 }
 
 static status_t pushBackContents(const std::string& path, std::vector<std::string>& cmd,
@@ -85,8 +77,9 @@
     return found ? OK : -1;
 }
 
-static status_t execRm(const std::string& path, int startProgress, int stepProgress) {
-    notifyProgress(startProgress);
+static status_t execRm(const std::string& path, int startProgress, int stepProgress,
+        const android::sp<android::os::IVoldTaskListener>& listener) {
+    notifyProgress(startProgress, listener);
 
     uint64_t expectedBytes = GetTreeBytes(path);
     uint64_t startFreeBytes = GetFreeBytes(path);
@@ -120,15 +113,15 @@
         sleep(1);
         uint64_t deltaFreeBytes = GetFreeBytes(path) - startFreeBytes;
         notifyProgress(startProgress + CONSTRAIN((int)
-                ((deltaFreeBytes * stepProgress) / expectedBytes), 0, stepProgress));
+                ((deltaFreeBytes * stepProgress) / expectedBytes), 0, stepProgress), listener);
     }
     return -1;
 #endif
 }
 
-static status_t execCp(const std::string& fromPath, const std::string& toPath,
-        int startProgress, int stepProgress) {
-    notifyProgress(startProgress);
+static status_t execCp(const std::string& fromPath, const std::string& toPath, int startProgress,
+        int stepProgress, const android::sp<android::os::IVoldTaskListener>& listener) {
+    notifyProgress(startProgress, listener);
 
     uint64_t expectedBytes = GetTreeBytes(fromPath);
     uint64_t startFreeBytes = GetFreeBytes(toPath);
@@ -171,7 +164,7 @@
         sleep(1);
         uint64_t deltaFreeBytes = startFreeBytes - GetFreeBytes(toPath);
         notifyProgress(startProgress + CONSTRAIN((int)
-                ((deltaFreeBytes * stepProgress) / expectedBytes), 0, stepProgress));
+                ((deltaFreeBytes * stepProgress) / expectedBytes), 0, stepProgress), listener);
     }
     return -1;
 #endif
@@ -191,69 +184,80 @@
     vol->create();
 }
 
-void MoveTask::run() {
-    acquire_wake_lock(PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK, kWakeLock);
-
+static status_t moveStorageInternal(const std::shared_ptr<VolumeBase>& from,
+        const std::shared_ptr<VolumeBase>& to,
+        const android::sp<android::os::IVoldTaskListener>& listener) {
     std::string fromPath;
     std::string toPath;
 
     // TODO: add support for public volumes
-    if (mFrom->getType() != VolumeBase::Type::kEmulated) goto fail;
-    if (mTo->getType() != VolumeBase::Type::kEmulated) goto fail;
+    if (from->getType() != VolumeBase::Type::kEmulated) goto fail;
+    if (to->getType() != VolumeBase::Type::kEmulated) goto fail;
 
     // Step 1: tear down volumes and mount silently without making
     // visible to userspace apps
     {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(VolumeManager::Instance()->getLock());
-        bringOffline(mFrom);
-        bringOffline(mTo);
+        bringOffline(from);
+        bringOffline(to);
     }
 
-    fromPath = mFrom->getInternalPath();
-    toPath = mTo->getInternalPath();
+    fromPath = from->getInternalPath();
+    toPath = to->getInternalPath();
 
     // Step 2: clean up any stale data
-    if (execRm(toPath, 10, 10) != OK) {
+    if (execRm(toPath, 10, 10, listener) != OK) {
         goto fail;
     }
 
     // Step 3: perform actual copy
-    if (execCp(fromPath, toPath, 20, 60) != OK) {
+    if (execCp(fromPath, toPath, 20, 60, listener) != OK) {
         goto copy_fail;
     }
 
     // NOTE: MountService watches for this magic value to know
     // that move was successful
-    notifyProgress(82);
+    notifyProgress(82, listener);
     {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(VolumeManager::Instance()->getLock());
-        bringOnline(mFrom);
-        bringOnline(mTo);
+        bringOnline(from);
+        bringOnline(to);
     }
 
     // Step 4: clean up old data
-    if (execRm(fromPath, 85, 15) != OK) {
+    if (execRm(fromPath, 85, 15, listener) != OK) {
         goto fail;
     }
 
-    notifyProgress(kMoveSucceeded);
-    release_wake_lock(kWakeLock);
-    return;
+    notifyProgress(kMoveSucceeded, listener);
+    return OK;
 
 copy_fail:
     // if we failed to copy the data we should not leave it laying around
     // in target location. Do not check return value, we can not do any
     // useful anyway.
-    execRm(toPath, 80, 1);
+    execRm(toPath, 80, 1, listener);
 fail:
     {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(VolumeManager::Instance()->getLock());
-        bringOnline(mFrom);
-        bringOnline(mTo);
+        bringOnline(from);
+        bringOnline(to);
     }
-    notifyProgress(kMoveFailedInternalError);
+    notifyProgress(kMoveFailedInternalError, listener);
+    return -1;
+}
+
+void MoveStorage(const std::shared_ptr<VolumeBase>& from, const std::shared_ptr<VolumeBase>& to,
+        const android::sp<android::os::IVoldTaskListener>& listener) {
+    acquire_wake_lock(PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK, kWakeLock);
+
+    android::os::PersistableBundle extras;
+    status_t res = moveStorageInternal(from, to, listener);
+    if (listener) {
+        listener->onFinished(res, extras);
+    }
+
     release_wake_lock(kWakeLock);
-    return;
 }
 
 }  // namespace vold
diff --git a/MoveTask.h b/MoveStorage.h
similarity index 60%
copy from MoveTask.h
copy to MoveStorage.h
index b1777c0..d271704 100644
--- a/MoveTask.h
+++ b/MoveStorage.h
@@ -14,33 +14,17 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef ANDROID_VOLD_MOVE_TASK_H
-#define ANDROID_VOLD_MOVE_TASK_H
+#ifndef ANDROID_VOLD_MOVE_STORAGE_H
+#define ANDROID_VOLD_MOVE_STORAGE_H
 
-#include "Utils.h"
-#include "VolumeBase.h"
-
-#include <thread>
+#include "android/os/IVoldTaskListener.h"
+#include "model/VolumeBase.h"
 
 namespace android {
 namespace vold {
 
-class MoveTask {
-public:
-    MoveTask(const std::shared_ptr<VolumeBase>& from, const std::shared_ptr<VolumeBase>& to);
-    virtual ~MoveTask();
-
-    void start();
-
-private:
-    std::shared_ptr<VolumeBase> mFrom;
-    std::shared_ptr<VolumeBase> mTo;
-    std::thread mThread;
-
-    void run();
-
-    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(MoveTask);
-};
+void MoveStorage(const std::shared_ptr<VolumeBase>& from, const std::shared_ptr<VolumeBase>& to,
+        const android::sp<android::os::IVoldTaskListener>& listener);
 
 }  // namespace vold
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/NetlinkHandler.cpp b/NetlinkHandler.cpp
index ecda2a0..92131e9 100644
--- a/NetlinkHandler.cpp
+++ b/NetlinkHandler.cpp
@@ -19,9 +19,7 @@
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
-#define LOG_TAG "Vold"
-
-#include <cutils/log.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
 
 #include <sysutils/NetlinkEvent.h>
 #include "NetlinkHandler.h"
@@ -47,11 +45,11 @@
     const char *subsys = evt->getSubsystem();
 
     if (!subsys) {
-        SLOGW("No subsystem found in netlink event");
+        LOG(WARNING) << "No subsystem found in netlink event";
         return;
     }
 
-    if (!strcmp(subsys, "block")) {
+    if (std::string(subsys) == "block") {
         vm->handleBlockEvent(evt);
     }
 }
diff --git a/NetlinkManager.cpp b/NetlinkManager.cpp
index 90e3c6c..409cdc8 100644
--- a/NetlinkManager.cpp
+++ b/NetlinkManager.cpp
@@ -26,9 +26,7 @@
 
 #include <linux/netlink.h>
 
-#define LOG_TAG "Vold"
-
-#include <cutils/log.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
 
 #include "NetlinkManager.h"
 #include "NetlinkHandler.h"
@@ -60,7 +58,7 @@
 
     if ((mSock = socket(PF_NETLINK, SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC,
             NETLINK_KOBJECT_UEVENT)) < 0) {
-        SLOGE("Unable to create uevent socket: %s", strerror(errno));
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to create uevent socket";
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -69,23 +67,23 @@
     // Try using SO_RCVBUF if that fails.
     if ((setsockopt(mSock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &sz, sizeof(sz)) < 0) &&
         (setsockopt(mSock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &sz, sizeof(sz)) < 0)) {
-        SLOGE("Unable to set uevent socket SO_RCVBUF/SO_RCVBUFFORCE option: %s", strerror(errno));
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to set uevent socket SO_RCVBUF/SO_RCVBUFFORCE option";
         goto out;
     }
 
     if (setsockopt(mSock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PASSCRED, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0) {
-        SLOGE("Unable to set uevent socket SO_PASSCRED option: %s", strerror(errno));
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to set uevent socket SO_PASSCRED option";
         goto out;
     }
 
     if (bind(mSock, (struct sockaddr *) &nladdr, sizeof(nladdr)) < 0) {
-        SLOGE("Unable to bind uevent socket: %s", strerror(errno));
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to bind uevent socket";
         goto out;
     }
 
     mHandler = new NetlinkHandler(mSock);
     if (mHandler->start()) {
-        SLOGE("Unable to start NetlinkHandler: %s", strerror(errno));
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to start NetlinkHandler";
         goto out;
     }
 
@@ -100,7 +98,7 @@
     int status = 0;
 
     if (mHandler->stop()) {
-        SLOGE("Unable to stop NetlinkHandler: %s", strerror(errno));
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to stop NetlinkHandler";
         status = -1;
     }
     delete mHandler;
diff --git a/PREUPLOAD.cfg b/PREUPLOAD.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c8dbf77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/PREUPLOAD.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+[Builtin Hooks]
+clang_format = true
+
+[Builtin Hooks Options]
+clang_format = --commit ${PREUPLOAD_COMMIT} --style file --extensions c,h,cc,cpp
diff --git a/Process.cpp b/Process.cpp
index 1c0f504..042ba2d 100644
--- a/Process.cpp
+++ b/Process.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
+#include <fts.h>
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <pwd.h>
@@ -27,196 +28,98 @@
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <signal.h>
 
-#define LOG_TAG "ProcessKiller"
+#include <fstream>
+#include <unordered_set>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/parseint.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
-#include <cutils/log.h>
 
 #include "Process.h"
 
-using android::base::ReadFileToString;
 using android::base::StringPrintf;
 
-int Process::readSymLink(const char *path, char *link, size_t max) {
-    struct stat s;
-    int length;
+namespace android {
+namespace vold {
 
-    if (lstat(path, &s) < 0)
-        return 0;
-    if ((s.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFLNK)
-        return 0;
-
-    // we have a symlink
-    length = readlink(path, link, max- 1);
-    if (length <= 0)
-        return 0;
-    link[length] = 0;
-    return 1;
-}
-
-int Process::pathMatchesMountPoint(const char* path, const char* mountPoint) {
-    int length = strlen(mountPoint);
-    if (length > 1 && strncmp(path, mountPoint, length) == 0) {
-        // we need to do extra checking if mountPoint does not end in a '/'
-        if (mountPoint[length - 1] == '/')
-            return 1;
-        // if mountPoint does not have a trailing slash, we need to make sure
-        // there is one in the path to avoid partial matches.
-        return (path[length] == 0 || path[length] == '/');
-    }
-    
-    return 0;
-}
-
-void Process::getProcessName(int pid, std::string& out_name) {
-    if (!ReadFileToString(StringPrintf("/proc/%d/cmdline", pid), &out_name)) {
-        out_name = "???";
-    }
-}
-
-int Process::checkFileDescriptorSymLinks(int pid, const char *mountPoint) {
-    return checkFileDescriptorSymLinks(pid, mountPoint, NULL, 0);
-}
-
-int Process::checkFileDescriptorSymLinks(int pid, const char *mountPoint, char *openFilename, size_t max) {
-
-
-    // compute path to process's directory of open files
-    char    path[PATH_MAX];
-    snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%d/fd", pid);
-    DIR *dir = opendir(path);
-    if (!dir)
-        return 0;
-
-    // remember length of the path
-    int parent_length = strlen(path);
-    // append a trailing '/'
-    path[parent_length++] = '/';
-
-    struct dirent* de;
-    while ((de = readdir(dir))) {
-        if (!strcmp(de->d_name, ".") || !strcmp(de->d_name, "..")
-                || strlen(de->d_name) + parent_length + 1 >= PATH_MAX)
-            continue;
-        
-        // append the file name, after truncating to parent directory
-        path[parent_length] = 0;
-        strlcat(path, de->d_name, PATH_MAX);
-
-        char link[PATH_MAX];
-
-        if (readSymLink(path, link, sizeof(link)) && pathMatchesMountPoint(link, mountPoint)) {
-            if (openFilename) {
-                memset(openFilename, 0, max);
-                strlcpy(openFilename, link, max);
+static bool checkMaps(const std::string& path, const std::string& prefix) {
+    bool found = false;
+    std::ifstream infile(path);
+    std::string line;
+    while (std::getline(infile, line)) {
+        std::string::size_type pos = line.find('/');
+        if (pos != std::string::npos) {
+            line = line.substr(pos);
+            if (android::base::StartsWith(line, prefix.c_str())) {
+                LOG(WARNING) << "Found map " << path << " referencing " << line;
+                found = true;
             }
-            closedir(dir);
-            return 1;
         }
     }
-
-    closedir(dir);
-    return 0;
+    return found;
 }
 
-int Process::checkFileMaps(int pid, const char *mountPoint) {
-    return checkFileMaps(pid, mountPoint, NULL, 0);
-}
-
-int Process::checkFileMaps(int pid, const char *mountPoint, char *openFilename, size_t max) {
-    FILE *file;
-    char buffer[PATH_MAX + 100];
-
-    snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "/proc/%d/maps", pid);
-    file = fopen(buffer, "re");
-    if (!file)
-        return 0;
-    
-    while (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), file)) {
-        // skip to the path
-        const char* path = strchr(buffer, '/');
-        if (path && pathMatchesMountPoint(path, mountPoint)) {
-            if (openFilename) {
-                memset(openFilename, 0, max);
-                strlcpy(openFilename, path, max);
-            }
-            fclose(file);
-            return 1;
+static bool checkSymlink(const std::string& path, const std::string& prefix) {
+    std::string res;
+    if (android::base::Readlink(path, &res)) {
+        if (android::base::StartsWith(res, prefix.c_str())) {
+            LOG(WARNING) << "Found symlink " << path << " referencing " << res;
+            return true;
         }
     }
-    
-    fclose(file);
-    return 0;
+    return false;
 }
 
-int Process::checkSymLink(int pid, const char *mountPoint, const char *name) {
-    char    path[PATH_MAX];
-    char    link[PATH_MAX];
+int KillProcessesWithOpenFiles(const std::string& prefix, int signal) {
+    std::unordered_set<pid_t> pids;
 
-    snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%d/%s", pid, name);
-    if (readSymLink(path, link, sizeof(link)) && pathMatchesMountPoint(link, mountPoint)) 
-        return 1;
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int Process::getPid(const char *s) {
-    int result = 0;
-    while (*s) {
-        if (!isdigit(*s)) return -1;
-        result = 10 * result + (*s++ - '0');
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-
-extern "C" void vold_killProcessesWithOpenFiles(const char *path, int signal) {
-	Process::killProcessesWithOpenFiles(path, signal);
-}
-
-/*
- * Hunt down processes that have files open at the given mount point.
- */
-int Process::killProcessesWithOpenFiles(const char *path, int signal) {
-    int count = 0;
-    DIR* dir;
-    struct dirent* de;
-
-    if (!(dir = opendir("/proc"))) {
-        SLOGE("opendir failed (%s)", strerror(errno));
-        return count;
+    auto proc_d = std::unique_ptr<DIR, int (*)(DIR*)>(opendir("/proc"), closedir);
+    if (!proc_d) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open proc";
+        return -1;
     }
 
-    while ((de = readdir(dir))) {
-        int pid = getPid(de->d_name);
-        if (pid == -1)
-            continue;
+    struct dirent* proc_de;
+    while ((proc_de = readdir(proc_d.get())) != nullptr) {
+        // We only care about valid PIDs
+        pid_t pid;
+        if (proc_de->d_type != DT_DIR) continue;
+        if (!android::base::ParseInt(proc_de->d_name, &pid)) continue;
 
-        std::string name;
-        getProcessName(pid, name);
+        // Look for references to prefix
+        bool found = false;
+        auto path = StringPrintf("/proc/%d", pid);
+        found |= checkMaps(path + "/maps", prefix);
+        found |= checkSymlink(path + "/cwd", prefix);
+        found |= checkSymlink(path + "/root", prefix);
+        found |= checkSymlink(path + "/exe", prefix);
 
-        char openfile[PATH_MAX];
-
-        if (checkFileDescriptorSymLinks(pid, path, openfile, sizeof(openfile))) {
-            SLOGE("Process %s (%d) has open file %s", name.c_str(), pid, openfile);
-        } else if (checkFileMaps(pid, path, openfile, sizeof(openfile))) {
-            SLOGE("Process %s (%d) has open filemap for %s", name.c_str(), pid, openfile);
-        } else if (checkSymLink(pid, path, "cwd")) {
-            SLOGE("Process %s (%d) has cwd within %s", name.c_str(), pid, path);
-        } else if (checkSymLink(pid, path, "root")) {
-            SLOGE("Process %s (%d) has chroot within %s", name.c_str(), pid, path);
-        } else if (checkSymLink(pid, path, "exe")) {
-            SLOGE("Process %s (%d) has executable path within %s", name.c_str(), pid, path);
+        auto fd_path = path + "/fd";
+        auto fd_d = std::unique_ptr<DIR, int (*)(DIR*)>(opendir(fd_path.c_str()), closedir);
+        if (!fd_d) {
+            PLOG(WARNING) << "Failed to open " << fd_path;
         } else {
-            continue;
+            struct dirent* fd_de;
+            while ((fd_de = readdir(fd_d.get())) != nullptr) {
+                if (fd_de->d_type != DT_LNK) continue;
+                found |= checkSymlink(fd_path + "/" + fd_de->d_name, prefix);
+            }
         }
 
-        if (signal != 0) {
-            SLOGW("Sending %s to process %d", strsignal(signal), pid);
-            kill(pid, signal);
-            count++;
+        if (found) {
+            pids.insert(pid);
         }
     }
-    closedir(dir);
-    return count;
+    if (signal != 0) {
+        for (const auto& pid : pids) {
+            LOG(WARNING) << "Sending " << strsignal(signal) << " to " << pid;
+            kill(pid, signal);
+        }
+    }
+    return pids.size();
 }
+
+}  // namespace vold
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/Process.h b/Process.h
index 4ddbdb9..1406782 100644
--- a/Process.h
+++ b/Process.h
@@ -17,28 +17,12 @@
 #ifndef _PROCESS_H
 #define _PROCESS_H
 
-#ifdef __cplusplus
+namespace android {
+namespace vold {
 
-class Process {
-public:
-    static int killProcessesWithOpenFiles(const char *path, int signal);
-    static int getPid(const char *s);
-    static int checkSymLink(int pid, const char *path, const char *name);
-    static int checkFileMaps(int pid, const char *path);
-    static int checkFileMaps(int pid, const char *path, char *openFilename, size_t max);
-    static int checkFileDescriptorSymLinks(int pid, const char *mountPoint);
-    static int checkFileDescriptorSymLinks(int pid, const char *mountPoint, char *openFilename, size_t max);
-    static void getProcessName(int pid, std::string& out_name);
-private:
-    static int readSymLink(const char *path, char *link, size_t max);
-    static int pathMatchesMountPoint(const char *path, const char *mountPoint);
-};
+int KillProcessesWithOpenFiles(const std::string& path, int signal);
 
-extern "C" {
-#endif /* __cplusplus */
-	void vold_killProcessesWithOpenFiles(const char *path, int signal);
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-}
-#endif
+}  // namespace vold
+}  // namespace android
 
 #endif
diff --git a/ResponseCode.cpp b/ResponseCode.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index d7e778d..0000000
--- a/ResponseCode.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
-#define LOG_TAG "Vold"
-
-#include <cutils/log.h>
-
-#include "ResponseCode.h"
-
-int ResponseCode::convertFromErrno() {
-   if (errno == ENODEV) {
-        return(ResponseCode::OpFailedNoMedia);
-    } else if (errno == ENODATA) {
-        return(ResponseCode::OpFailedMediaBlank);
-    } else if (errno == EIO) {
-        return(ResponseCode::OpFailedMediaCorrupt);
-    } else if (errno == EBUSY) {
-        return(ResponseCode::OpFailedStorageBusy);
-    } else if (errno == ENOENT) {
-        return(ResponseCode::OpFailedStorageNotFound);
-    }
-
-    SLOGW("Returning OperationFailed - no handler for errno %d", errno);
-    return(ResponseCode::OperationFailed);
-}
diff --git a/ResponseCode.h b/ResponseCode.h
deleted file mode 100644
index f2c533e..0000000
--- a/ResponseCode.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef _RESPONSECODE_H
-#define _RESPONSECODE_H
-
-class ResponseCode {
-public:
-    // 100 series - Requestion action was initiated; expect another reply
-    // before proceeding with a new command.
-    static const int ActionInitiated  = 100;
-
-    static const int VolumeListResult         = 110;
-    static const int AsecListResult           = 111;
-    static const int StorageUsersListResult   = 112;
-    static const int CryptfsGetfieldResult    = 113;
-
-    // 200 series - Requested action has been successfully completed
-    static const int CommandOkay              = 200;
-    static const int ShareStatusResult        = 210;
-    static const int AsecPathResult           = 211;
-    static const int ShareEnabledResult       = 212;
-    static const int PasswordTypeResult       = 213;
-
-    // 400 series - The command was accepted but the requested action
-    // did not take place.
-    static const int OperationFailed          = 400;
-    static const int OpFailedNoMedia          = 401;
-    static const int OpFailedMediaBlank       = 402;
-    static const int OpFailedMediaCorrupt     = 403;
-    static const int OpFailedVolNotMounted    = 404;
-    static const int OpFailedStorageBusy      = 405;
-    static const int OpFailedStorageNotFound  = 406;
-
-    // 500 series - The command was not accepted and the requested
-    // action did not take place.
-    static const int CommandSyntaxError = 500;
-    static const int CommandParameterError = 501;
-    static const int CommandNoPermission = 502;
-
-    // 600 series - Unsolicited broadcasts
-    static const int UnsolicitedInformational       = 600;
-    static const int VolumeStateChange              = 605;
-    static const int VolumeMountFailedBlank         = 610;
-    static const int VolumeMountFailedDamaged       = 611;
-    static const int VolumeMountFailedNoMedia       = 612;
-    static const int VolumeUuidChange               = 613;
-    static const int VolumeUserLabelChange          = 614;
-
-    static const int ShareAvailabilityChange        = 620;
-
-    static const int VolumeDiskInserted            = 630;
-    static const int VolumeDiskRemoved             = 631;
-    static const int VolumeBadRemoval              = 632;
-
-    static const int DiskCreated = 640;
-    static const int DiskSizeChanged = 641;
-    static const int DiskLabelChanged = 642;
-    static const int DiskScanned = 643;
-    static const int DiskSysPathChanged = 644;
-    static const int DiskDestroyed = 649;
-
-    static const int VolumeCreated = 650;
-    static const int VolumeStateChanged = 651;
-    static const int VolumeFsTypeChanged = 652;
-    static const int VolumeFsUuidChanged = 653;
-    static const int VolumeFsLabelChanged = 654;
-    static const int VolumePathChanged = 655;
-    static const int VolumeInternalPathChanged = 656;
-    static const int VolumeDestroyed = 659;
-
-    static const int MoveStatus = 660;
-    static const int BenchmarkResult = 661;
-    static const int TrimResult = 662;
-
-    static int convertFromErrno();
-};
-#endif
diff --git a/ScryptParameters.h b/ScryptParameters.h
index 1b43ea5..190842b 100644
--- a/ScryptParameters.h
+++ b/ScryptParameters.h
@@ -23,10 +23,6 @@
 #define SCRYPT_PROP "ro.crypto.scrypt_params"
 #define SCRYPT_DEFAULTS "15:3:1"
 
-__BEGIN_DECLS
-
 bool parse_scrypt_parameters(const char* paramstr, int *Nf, int *rf, int *pf);
 
-__END_DECLS
-
 #endif
diff --git a/TrimTask.cpp b/TrimTask.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 08e6499..0000000
--- a/TrimTask.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,154 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "TrimTask.h"
-#include "Benchmark.h"
-#include "Utils.h"
-#include "VolumeManager.h"
-#include "ResponseCode.h"
-
-#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
-#include <android-base/logging.h>
-#include <cutils/properties.h>
-#include <fs_mgr.h>
-#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
-#include <hardware_legacy/power.h>
-
-#include <dirent.h>
-#include <sys/mount.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/wait.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-
-/* From a would-be kernel header */
-#define FIDTRIM         _IOWR('f', 128, struct fstrim_range)    /* Deep discard trim */
-
-#define BENCHMARK_ENABLED 1
-
-using android::base::StringPrintf;
-
-namespace android {
-namespace vold {
-
-static const char* kWakeLock = "TrimTask";
-
-TrimTask::TrimTask(int flags) : mFlags(flags) {
-    // Collect both fstab and vold volumes
-    addFromFstab();
-
-    VolumeManager* vm = VolumeManager::Instance();
-    std::list<std::string> privateIds;
-    vm->listVolumes(VolumeBase::Type::kPrivate, privateIds);
-    for (const auto& id : privateIds) {
-        auto vol = vm->findVolume(id);
-        if (vol != nullptr && vol->getState() == VolumeBase::State::kMounted) {
-            mPaths.push_back(vol->getPath());
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-TrimTask::~TrimTask() {
-}
-
-void TrimTask::addFromFstab() {
-    std::unique_ptr<fstab, decltype(&fs_mgr_free_fstab)> fstab(fs_mgr_read_fstab_default(),
-                                                               fs_mgr_free_fstab);
-    struct fstab_rec *prev_rec = NULL;
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < fstab->num_entries; i++) {
-        /* Skip raw partitions */
-        if (!strcmp(fstab->recs[i].fs_type, "emmc") ||
-            !strcmp(fstab->recs[i].fs_type, "mtd")) {
-            continue;
-        }
-        /* Skip read-only filesystems */
-        if (fstab->recs[i].flags & MS_RDONLY) {
-            continue;
-        }
-        if (fs_mgr_is_voldmanaged(&fstab->recs[i])) {
-            continue; /* Should we trim fat32 filesystems? */
-        }
-        if (fs_mgr_is_notrim(&fstab->recs[i])) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        /* Skip the multi-type partitions, which are required to be following each other.
-         * See fs_mgr.c's mount_with_alternatives().
-         */
-        if (prev_rec && !strcmp(prev_rec->mount_point, fstab->recs[i].mount_point)) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        mPaths.push_back(fstab->recs[i].mount_point);
-        prev_rec = &fstab->recs[i];
-    }
-}
-
-void TrimTask::start() {
-    mThread = std::thread(&TrimTask::run, this);
-}
-
-static void notifyResult(const std::string& path, int64_t bytes, int64_t delta) {
-    std::string res(path
-            + " " + std::to_string(bytes)
-            + " " + std::to_string(delta));
-    VolumeManager::Instance()->getBroadcaster()->sendBroadcast(
-            ResponseCode::TrimResult, res.c_str(), false);
-}
-
-void TrimTask::run() {
-    acquire_wake_lock(PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK, kWakeLock);
-
-    for (const auto& path : mPaths) {
-        LOG(DEBUG) << "Starting trim of " << path;
-
-        int fd = open(path.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC | O_NOFOLLOW);
-        if (fd < 0) {
-            PLOG(WARNING) << "Failed to open " << path;
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        struct fstrim_range range;
-        memset(&range, 0, sizeof(range));
-        range.len = ULLONG_MAX;
-
-        nsecs_t start = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_BOOTTIME);
-        if (ioctl(fd, (mFlags & Flags::kDeepTrim) ? FIDTRIM : FITRIM, &range)) {
-            PLOG(WARNING) << "Trim failed on " << path;
-            notifyResult(path, -1, -1);
-        } else {
-            nsecs_t delta = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_BOOTTIME) - start;
-            LOG(INFO) << "Trimmed " << range.len << " bytes on " << path
-                    << " in " << nanoseconds_to_milliseconds(delta) << "ms";
-            notifyResult(path, range.len, delta);
-        }
-        close(fd);
-
-        if (mFlags & Flags::kBenchmarkAfter) {
-#if BENCHMARK_ENABLED
-            BenchmarkPrivate(path);
-#else
-            LOG(DEBUG) << "Benchmark disabled";
-#endif
-        }
-    }
-
-    release_wake_lock(kWakeLock);
-}
-
-}  // namespace vold
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/TrimTask.h b/TrimTask.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 2ade7b5..0000000
--- a/TrimTask.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef ANDROID_VOLD_TRIM_TASK_H
-#define ANDROID_VOLD_TRIM_TASK_H
-
-#include "Utils.h"
-
-#include <thread>
-#include <list>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace vold {
-
-class TrimTask {
-public:
-    explicit TrimTask(int flags);
-    virtual ~TrimTask();
-
-    enum Flags {
-        kDeepTrim = 1 << 0,
-        kBenchmarkAfter = 1 << 1,
-    };
-
-    void start();
-
-private:
-    int mFlags;
-    std::list<std::string> mPaths;
-    std::thread mThread;
-
-    void addFromFstab();
-    void run();
-
-    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(TrimTask);
-};
-
-}  // namespace vold
-}  // namespace android
-
-#endif
diff --git a/Utils.cpp b/Utils.cpp
index b6c7bf8..38edcb3 100644
--- a/Utils.cpp
+++ b/Utils.cpp
@@ -14,14 +14,15 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include "sehandle.h"
 #include "Utils.h"
+
 #include "Process.h"
-#include "VolumeManager.h"
+#include "sehandle.h"
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <cutils/fs.h>
 #include <logwrap/logwrap.h>
@@ -54,12 +55,19 @@
 security_context_t sFsckContext = nullptr;
 security_context_t sFsckUntrustedContext = nullptr;
 
+bool sSleepOnUnmount = true;
+
 static const char* kBlkidPath = "/system/bin/blkid";
 static const char* kKeyPath = "/data/misc/vold";
 
 static const char* kProcFilesystems = "/proc/filesystems";
 
+// Lock used to protect process-level SELinux changes from racing with each
+// other between multiple threads.
+static std::mutex kSecurityLock;
+
 status_t CreateDeviceNode(const std::string& path, dev_t dev) {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(kSecurityLock);
     const char* cpath = path.c_str();
     status_t res = 0;
 
@@ -97,6 +105,7 @@
 }
 
 status_t PrepareDir(const std::string& path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(kSecurityLock);
     const char* cpath = path.c_str();
 
     char* secontext = nullptr;
@@ -127,22 +136,22 @@
     }
     // Apps might still be handling eject request, so wait before
     // we start sending signals
-    if (!VolumeManager::shutting_down) sleep(5);
+    if (sSleepOnUnmount) sleep(5);
 
-    Process::killProcessesWithOpenFiles(cpath, SIGINT);
-    if (!VolumeManager::shutting_down) sleep(5);
+    KillProcessesWithOpenFiles(path, SIGINT);
+    if (sSleepOnUnmount) sleep(5);
     if (!umount2(cpath, UMOUNT_NOFOLLOW) || errno == EINVAL || errno == ENOENT) {
         return OK;
     }
 
-    Process::killProcessesWithOpenFiles(cpath, SIGTERM);
-    if (!VolumeManager::shutting_down) sleep(5);
+    KillProcessesWithOpenFiles(path, SIGTERM);
+    if (sSleepOnUnmount) sleep(5);
     if (!umount2(cpath, UMOUNT_NOFOLLOW) || errno == EINVAL || errno == ENOENT) {
         return OK;
     }
 
-    Process::killProcessesWithOpenFiles(cpath, SIGKILL);
-    if (!VolumeManager::shutting_down) sleep(5);
+    KillProcessesWithOpenFiles(path, SIGKILL);
+    if (sSleepOnUnmount) sleep(5);
     if (!umount2(cpath, UMOUNT_NOFOLLOW) || errno == EINVAL || errno == ENOENT) {
         return OK;
     }
@@ -151,25 +160,24 @@
 }
 
 status_t KillProcessesUsingPath(const std::string& path) {
-    const char* cpath = path.c_str();
-    if (Process::killProcessesWithOpenFiles(cpath, SIGINT) == 0) {
+    if (KillProcessesWithOpenFiles(path, SIGINT) == 0) {
         return OK;
     }
-    if (!VolumeManager::shutting_down) sleep(5);
+    if (sSleepOnUnmount) sleep(5);
 
-    if (Process::killProcessesWithOpenFiles(cpath, SIGTERM) == 0) {
+    if (KillProcessesWithOpenFiles(path, SIGTERM) == 0) {
         return OK;
     }
-    if (!VolumeManager::shutting_down) sleep(5);
+    if (sSleepOnUnmount) sleep(5);
 
-    if (Process::killProcessesWithOpenFiles(cpath, SIGKILL) == 0) {
+    if (KillProcessesWithOpenFiles(path, SIGKILL) == 0) {
         return OK;
     }
-    if (!VolumeManager::shutting_down) sleep(5);
+    if (sSleepOnUnmount) sleep(5);
 
     // Send SIGKILL a second time to determine if we've
     // actually killed everyone with open files
-    if (Process::killProcessesWithOpenFiles(cpath, SIGKILL) == 0) {
+    if (KillProcessesWithOpenFiles(path, SIGKILL) == 0) {
         return OK;
     }
     PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to kill processes using " << path;
@@ -184,11 +192,28 @@
     return OK;
 }
 
-static status_t readMetadata(const std::string& path, std::string& fsType,
-        std::string& fsUuid, std::string& fsLabel, bool untrusted) {
-    fsType.clear();
-    fsUuid.clear();
-    fsLabel.clear();
+bool FindValue(const std::string& raw, const std::string& key, std::string* value) {
+    auto qual = key + "=\"";
+    auto start = raw.find(qual);
+    if (start > 0 && raw[start - 1] != ' ') {
+        start = raw.find(qual, start + 1);
+    }
+
+    if (start == std::string::npos) return false;
+    start += qual.length();
+
+    auto end = raw.find("\"", start);
+    if (end == std::string::npos) return false;
+
+    *value = raw.substr(start, end - start);
+    return true;
+}
+
+static status_t readMetadata(const std::string& path, std::string* fsType,
+        std::string* fsUuid, std::string* fsLabel, bool untrusted) {
+    fsType->clear();
+    fsUuid->clear();
+    fsLabel->clear();
 
     std::vector<std::string> cmd;
     cmd.push_back(kBlkidPath);
@@ -209,36 +234,23 @@
         return res;
     }
 
-    char value[128];
     for (const auto& line : output) {
         // Extract values from blkid output, if defined
-        const char* cline = line.c_str();
-        const char* start = strstr(cline, "TYPE=");
-        if (start != nullptr && sscanf(start + 5, "\"%127[^\"]\"", value) == 1) {
-            fsType = value;
-        }
-
-        start = strstr(cline, "UUID=");
-        if (start != nullptr && sscanf(start + 5, "\"%127[^\"]\"", value) == 1) {
-            fsUuid = value;
-        }
-
-        start = strstr(cline, "LABEL=");
-        if (start != nullptr && sscanf(start + 6, "\"%127[^\"]\"", value) == 1) {
-            fsLabel = value;
-        }
+        FindValue(line, "TYPE", fsType);
+        FindValue(line, "UUID", fsUuid);
+        FindValue(line, "LABEL", fsLabel);
     }
 
     return OK;
 }
 
-status_t ReadMetadata(const std::string& path, std::string& fsType,
-        std::string& fsUuid, std::string& fsLabel) {
+status_t ReadMetadata(const std::string& path, std::string* fsType,
+        std::string* fsUuid, std::string* fsLabel) {
     return readMetadata(path, fsType, fsUuid, fsLabel, false);
 }
 
-status_t ReadMetadataUntrusted(const std::string& path, std::string& fsType,
-        std::string& fsUuid, std::string& fsLabel) {
+status_t ReadMetadataUntrusted(const std::string& path, std::string* fsType,
+        std::string* fsUuid, std::string* fsLabel) {
     return readMetadata(path, fsType, fsUuid, fsLabel, true);
 }
 
@@ -247,6 +259,7 @@
 }
 
 status_t ForkExecvp(const std::vector<std::string>& args, security_context_t context) {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(kSecurityLock);
     size_t argc = args.size();
     char** argv = (char**) calloc(argc, sizeof(char*));
     for (size_t i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
@@ -258,14 +271,18 @@
         }
     }
 
-    if (setexeccon(context)) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to setexeccon";
-        abort();
+    if (context) {
+        if (setexeccon(context)) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to setexeccon";
+            abort();
+        }
     }
     status_t res = android_fork_execvp(argc, argv, NULL, false, true);
-    if (setexeccon(nullptr)) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to setexeccon";
-        abort();
+    if (context) {
+        if (setexeccon(nullptr)) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to setexeccon";
+            abort();
+        }
     }
 
     free(argv);
@@ -279,6 +296,7 @@
 
 status_t ForkExecvp(const std::vector<std::string>& args,
         std::vector<std::string>& output, security_context_t context) {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(kSecurityLock);
     std::string cmd;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < args.size(); i++) {
         cmd += args[i] + " ";
@@ -290,14 +308,18 @@
     }
     output.clear();
 
-    if (setexeccon(context)) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to setexeccon";
-        abort();
+    if (context) {
+        if (setexeccon(context)) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to setexeccon";
+            abort();
+        }
     }
     FILE* fp = popen(cmd.c_str(), "r"); // NOLINT
-    if (setexeccon(nullptr)) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to setexeccon";
-        abort();
+    if (context) {
+        if (setexeccon(nullptr)) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to setexeccon";
+            abort();
+        }
     }
 
     if (!fp) {
@@ -585,54 +607,54 @@
 }
 
 std::string BuildDataSystemLegacyPath(userid_t userId) {
-    return StringPrintf("%s/system/users/%u", BuildDataPath(nullptr).c_str(), userId);
+    return StringPrintf("%s/system/users/%u", BuildDataPath("").c_str(), userId);
 }
 
 std::string BuildDataSystemCePath(userid_t userId) {
-    return StringPrintf("%s/system_ce/%u", BuildDataPath(nullptr).c_str(), userId);
+    return StringPrintf("%s/system_ce/%u", BuildDataPath("").c_str(), userId);
 }
 
 std::string BuildDataSystemDePath(userid_t userId) {
-    return StringPrintf("%s/system_de/%u", BuildDataPath(nullptr).c_str(), userId);
+    return StringPrintf("%s/system_de/%u", BuildDataPath("").c_str(), userId);
 }
 
 std::string BuildDataMiscLegacyPath(userid_t userId) {
-    return StringPrintf("%s/misc/user/%u", BuildDataPath(nullptr).c_str(), userId);
+    return StringPrintf("%s/misc/user/%u", BuildDataPath("").c_str(), userId);
 }
 
 std::string BuildDataMiscCePath(userid_t userId) {
-    return StringPrintf("%s/misc_ce/%u", BuildDataPath(nullptr).c_str(), userId);
+    return StringPrintf("%s/misc_ce/%u", BuildDataPath("").c_str(), userId);
 }
 
 std::string BuildDataMiscDePath(userid_t userId) {
-    return StringPrintf("%s/misc_de/%u", BuildDataPath(nullptr).c_str(), userId);
+    return StringPrintf("%s/misc_de/%u", BuildDataPath("").c_str(), userId);
 }
 
 // Keep in sync with installd (frameworks/native/cmds/installd/utils.h)
 std::string BuildDataProfilesDePath(userid_t userId) {
-    return StringPrintf("%s/misc/profiles/cur/%u", BuildDataPath(nullptr).c_str(), userId);
+    return StringPrintf("%s/misc/profiles/cur/%u", BuildDataPath("").c_str(), userId);
 }
 
-std::string BuildDataPath(const char* volumeUuid) {
+std::string BuildDataPath(const std::string& volumeUuid) {
     // TODO: unify with installd path generation logic
-    if (volumeUuid == nullptr) {
+    if (volumeUuid.empty()) {
         return "/data";
     } else {
         CHECK(isValidFilename(volumeUuid));
-        return StringPrintf("/mnt/expand/%s", volumeUuid);
+        return StringPrintf("/mnt/expand/%s", volumeUuid.c_str());
     }
 }
 
-std::string BuildDataMediaCePath(const char* volumeUuid, userid_t userId) {
+std::string BuildDataMediaCePath(const std::string& volumeUuid, userid_t userId) {
     // TODO: unify with installd path generation logic
     std::string data(BuildDataPath(volumeUuid));
     return StringPrintf("%s/media/%u", data.c_str(), userId);
 }
 
-std::string BuildDataUserCePath(const char* volumeUuid, userid_t userId) {
+std::string BuildDataUserCePath(const std::string& volumeUuid, userid_t userId) {
     // TODO: unify with installd path generation logic
     std::string data(BuildDataPath(volumeUuid));
-    if (volumeUuid == nullptr && userId == 0) {
+    if (volumeUuid.empty() && userId == 0) {
         std::string legacy = StringPrintf("%s/data", data.c_str());
         struct stat sb;
         if (lstat(legacy.c_str(), &sb) == 0 && S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode)) {
@@ -643,7 +665,7 @@
     return StringPrintf("%s/user/%u", data.c_str(), userId);
 }
 
-std::string BuildDataUserDePath(const char* volumeUuid, userid_t userId) {
+std::string BuildDataUserDePath(const std::string& volumeUuid, userid_t userId) {
     // TODO: unify with installd path generation logic
     std::string data(BuildDataPath(volumeUuid));
     return StringPrintf("%s/user_de/%u", data.c_str(), userId);
@@ -673,15 +695,27 @@
     return OK;
 }
 
-status_t SaneReadLinkAt(int dirfd, const char* path, char* buf, size_t bufsiz) {
-    ssize_t len = readlinkat(dirfd, path, buf, bufsiz);
-    if (len < 0) {
-        return -1;
-    } else if (len == (ssize_t) bufsiz) {
-        return -1;
-    } else {
-        buf[len] = '\0';
-        return 0;
+bool Readlinkat(int dirfd, const std::string& path, std::string* result) {
+    // Shamelessly borrowed from android::base::Readlink()
+    result->clear();
+
+    // Most Linux file systems (ext2 and ext4, say) limit symbolic links to
+    // 4095 bytes. Since we'll copy out into the string anyway, it doesn't
+    // waste memory to just start there. We add 1 so that we can recognize
+    // whether it actually fit (rather than being truncated to 4095).
+    std::vector<char> buf(4095 + 1);
+    while (true) {
+        ssize_t size = readlinkat(dirfd, path.c_str(), &buf[0], buf.size());
+        // Unrecoverable error?
+        if (size == -1)
+            return false;
+        // It fit! (If size == buf.size(), it may have been truncated.)
+        if (static_cast<size_t>(size) < buf.size()) {
+            result->assign(&buf[0], size);
+            return true;
+        }
+        // Double our buffer and try again.
+        buf.resize(buf.size() * 2);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/Utils.h b/Utils.h
index 82ac440..c5955cc 100644
--- a/Utils.h
+++ b/Utils.h
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 
 #include "KeyBuffer.h"
 
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
 #include <utils/Errors.h>
 #include <cutils/multiuser.h>
 #include <selinux/selinux.h>
@@ -26,14 +27,6 @@
 #include <vector>
 #include <string>
 
-// DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN disallows the copy and operator= functions. It goes in the private:
-// declarations in a class.
-#if !defined(DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN)
-#define DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(TypeName) \
-    TypeName(const TypeName&) = delete;  \
-    void operator=(const TypeName&) = delete
-#endif
-
 struct DIR;
 
 namespace android {
@@ -45,6 +38,9 @@
 extern security_context_t sFsckContext;
 extern security_context_t sFsckUntrustedContext;
 
+// TODO remove this with better solution, b/64143519
+extern bool sSleepOnUnmount;
+
 status_t CreateDeviceNode(const std::string& path, dev_t dev);
 status_t DestroyDeviceNode(const std::string& path);
 
@@ -60,13 +56,15 @@
 /* Creates bind mount from source to target */
 status_t BindMount(const std::string& source, const std::string& target);
 
+bool FindValue(const std::string& raw, const std::string& key, std::string* value);
+
 /* Reads filesystem metadata from device at path */
-status_t ReadMetadata(const std::string& path, std::string& fsType,
-        std::string& fsUuid, std::string& fsLabel);
+status_t ReadMetadata(const std::string& path, std::string* fsType,
+        std::string* fsUuid, std::string* fsLabel);
 
 /* Reads filesystem metadata from untrusted device at path */
-status_t ReadMetadataUntrusted(const std::string& path, std::string& fsType,
-        std::string& fsUuid, std::string& fsLabel);
+status_t ReadMetadataUntrusted(const std::string& path, std::string* fsType,
+        std::string* fsUuid, std::string* fsLabel);
 
 /* Returns either WEXITSTATUS() status, or a negative errno */
 status_t ForkExecvp(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
@@ -110,16 +108,17 @@
 std::string BuildDataMiscDePath(userid_t userid);
 std::string BuildDataProfilesDePath(userid_t userid);
 
-std::string BuildDataPath(const char* volumeUuid);
-std::string BuildDataMediaCePath(const char* volumeUuid, userid_t userid);
-std::string BuildDataUserCePath(const char* volumeUuid, userid_t userid);
-std::string BuildDataUserDePath(const char* volumeUuid, userid_t userid);
+std::string BuildDataPath(const std::string& volumeUuid);
+std::string BuildDataMediaCePath(const std::string& volumeUuid, userid_t userid);
+std::string BuildDataUserCePath(const std::string& volumeUuid, userid_t userid);
+std::string BuildDataUserDePath(const std::string& volumeUuid, userid_t userid);
 
 dev_t GetDevice(const std::string& path);
 
 status_t RestoreconRecursive(const std::string& path);
 
-status_t SaneReadLinkAt(int dirfd, const char* path, char* buf, size_t bufsiz);
+// TODO: promote to android::base
+bool Readlinkat(int dirfd, const std::string& path, std::string* result);
 
 /* Checks if Android is running in QEMU */
 bool IsRunningInEmulator();
diff --git a/VoldNativeService.cpp b/VoldNativeService.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8e151f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/VoldNativeService.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,775 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_PACKAGE_MANAGER
+
+#include "VoldNativeService.h"
+#include "Benchmark.h"
+#include "CheckEncryption.h"
+#include "IdleMaint.h"
+#include "MoveStorage.h"
+#include "Process.h"
+#include "VolumeManager.h"
+
+#include "cryptfs.h"
+#include "Ext4Crypt.h"
+#include "MetadataCrypt.h"
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
+#include <ext4_utils/ext4_crypt.h>
+#include <fs_mgr.h>
+#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
+#include <utils/Trace.h>
+
+using android::base::StringPrintf;
+using std::endl;
+
+namespace android {
+namespace vold {
+
+namespace {
+
+constexpr const char* kDump = "android.permission.DUMP";
+
+static binder::Status ok() {
+    return binder::Status::ok();
+}
+
+static binder::Status exception(uint32_t code, const std::string& msg) {
+    return binder::Status::fromExceptionCode(code, String8(msg.c_str()));
+}
+
+static binder::Status error(const std::string& msg) {
+    PLOG(ERROR) << msg;
+    return binder::Status::fromServiceSpecificError(errno, String8(msg.c_str()));
+}
+
+static binder::Status translate(int status) {
+    if (status == 0) {
+        return binder::Status::ok();
+    } else {
+        return binder::Status::fromServiceSpecificError(status);
+    }
+}
+
+static binder::Status translateBool(bool status) {
+    if (status) {
+        return binder::Status::ok();
+    } else {
+        return binder::Status::fromServiceSpecificError(status);
+    }
+}
+
+binder::Status checkPermission(const char* permission) {
+    pid_t pid;
+    uid_t uid;
+
+    if (checkCallingPermission(String16(permission), reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(&pid),
+            reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(&uid))) {
+        return ok();
+    } else {
+        return exception(binder::Status::EX_SECURITY,
+                StringPrintf("UID %d / PID %d lacks permission %s", uid, pid, permission));
+    }
+}
+
+binder::Status checkUid(uid_t expectedUid) {
+    uid_t uid = IPCThreadState::self()->getCallingUid();
+    if (uid == expectedUid || uid == AID_ROOT) {
+        return ok();
+    } else {
+        return exception(binder::Status::EX_SECURITY,
+                StringPrintf("UID %d is not expected UID %d", uid, expectedUid));
+    }
+}
+
+binder::Status checkArgumentId(const std::string& id) {
+    if (id.empty()) {
+        return exception(binder::Status::EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, "Missing ID");
+    }
+    for (const char& c : id) {
+        if (!std::isalnum(c) && c != ':' && c != ',') {
+            return exception(binder::Status::EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
+                    StringPrintf("ID %s is malformed", id.c_str()));
+        }
+    }
+    return ok();
+}
+
+binder::Status checkArgumentPath(const std::string& path) {
+    if (path.empty()) {
+        return exception(binder::Status::EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, "Missing path");
+    }
+    if (path[0] != '/') {
+        return exception(binder::Status::EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
+                StringPrintf("Path %s is relative", path.c_str()));
+    }
+    if ((path + '/').find("/../") != std::string::npos) {
+        return exception(binder::Status::EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
+                StringPrintf("Path %s is shady", path.c_str()));
+    }
+    for (const char& c : path) {
+        if (c == '\0' || c == '\n') {
+            return exception(binder::Status::EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
+                    StringPrintf("Path %s is malformed", path.c_str()));
+        }
+    }
+    return ok();
+}
+
+binder::Status checkArgumentHex(const std::string& hex) {
+    // Empty hex strings are allowed
+    for (const char& c : hex) {
+        if (!std::isxdigit(c) && c != ':' && c != '-') {
+            return exception(binder::Status::EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
+                    StringPrintf("Hex %s is malformed", hex.c_str()));
+        }
+    }
+    return ok();
+}
+
+#define ENFORCE_UID(uid) {                                  \
+    binder::Status status = checkUid((uid));                \
+    if (!status.isOk()) {                                   \
+        return status;                                      \
+    }                                                       \
+}
+
+#define CHECK_ARGUMENT_ID(id) {                             \
+    binder::Status status = checkArgumentId((id));          \
+    if (!status.isOk()) {                                   \
+        return status;                                      \
+    }                                                       \
+}
+
+#define CHECK_ARGUMENT_PATH(path) {                         \
+    binder::Status status = checkArgumentPath((path));      \
+    if (!status.isOk()) {                                   \
+        return status;                                      \
+    }                                                       \
+}
+
+#define CHECK_ARGUMENT_HEX(hex) {                           \
+    binder::Status status = checkArgumentHex((hex));        \
+    if (!status.isOk()) {                                   \
+        return status;                                      \
+    }                                                       \
+}
+
+#define ACQUIRE_LOCK \
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(VolumeManager::Instance()->getLock()); \
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+
+#define ACQUIRE_CRYPT_LOCK \
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(VolumeManager::Instance()->getCryptLock()); \
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+
+}  // namespace
+
+status_t VoldNativeService::start() {
+    IPCThreadState::self()->disableBackgroundScheduling(true);
+    status_t ret = BinderService<VoldNativeService>::publish();
+    if (ret != android::OK) {
+        return ret;
+    }
+    sp<ProcessState> ps(ProcessState::self());
+    ps->startThreadPool();
+    ps->giveThreadPoolName();
+    return android::OK;
+}
+
+status_t VoldNativeService::dump(int fd, const Vector<String16> & /* args */) {
+    auto out = std::fstream(StringPrintf("/proc/self/fd/%d", fd));
+    const binder::Status dump_permission = checkPermission(kDump);
+    if (!dump_permission.isOk()) {
+        out << dump_permission.toString8() << endl;
+        return PERMISSION_DENIED;
+    }
+
+    ACQUIRE_LOCK;
+    out << "vold is happy!" << endl;
+    out.flush();
+    return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::setListener(
+        const android::sp<android::os::IVoldListener>& listener) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ACQUIRE_LOCK;
+
+    VolumeManager::Instance()->setListener(listener);
+    return ok();
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::monitor() {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+
+    // Simply acquire/release each lock for watchdog
+    {
+        ACQUIRE_LOCK;
+    }
+    {
+        ACQUIRE_CRYPT_LOCK;
+    }
+
+    return ok();
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::reset() {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ACQUIRE_LOCK;
+
+    return translate(VolumeManager::Instance()->reset());
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::shutdown() {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ACQUIRE_LOCK;
+
+    return translate(VolumeManager::Instance()->shutdown());
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::mountAll() {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ACQUIRE_LOCK;
+
+    struct fstab* fstab = fs_mgr_read_fstab_default();
+    int res = fs_mgr_mount_all(fstab, MOUNT_MODE_DEFAULT);
+    fs_mgr_free_fstab(fstab);
+    return translate(res);
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::onUserAdded(int32_t userId, int32_t userSerial) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ACQUIRE_LOCK;
+
+    return translate(VolumeManager::Instance()->onUserAdded(userId, userSerial));
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::onUserRemoved(int32_t userId) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ACQUIRE_LOCK;
+
+    return translate(VolumeManager::Instance()->onUserRemoved(userId));
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::onUserStarted(int32_t userId) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ACQUIRE_LOCK;
+
+    return translate(VolumeManager::Instance()->onUserStarted(userId));
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::onUserStopped(int32_t userId) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ACQUIRE_LOCK;
+
+    return translate(VolumeManager::Instance()->onUserStopped(userId));
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::partition(const std::string& diskId, int32_t partitionType,
+        int32_t ratio) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    CHECK_ARGUMENT_ID(diskId);
+    ACQUIRE_LOCK;
+
+    auto disk = VolumeManager::Instance()->findDisk(diskId);
+    if (disk == nullptr) {
+        return error("Failed to find disk " + diskId);
+    }
+    switch (partitionType) {
+    case PARTITION_TYPE_PUBLIC: return translate(disk->partitionPublic());
+    case PARTITION_TYPE_PRIVATE: return translate(disk->partitionPrivate());
+    case PARTITION_TYPE_MIXED: return translate(disk->partitionMixed(ratio));
+    default: return error("Unknown type " + std::to_string(partitionType));
+    }
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::forgetPartition(const std::string& partGuid,
+        const std::string& fsUuid) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    CHECK_ARGUMENT_HEX(partGuid);
+    CHECK_ARGUMENT_HEX(fsUuid);
+    ACQUIRE_LOCK;
+
+    return translate(VolumeManager::Instance()->forgetPartition(partGuid, fsUuid));
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::mount(const std::string& volId, int32_t mountFlags,
+        int32_t mountUserId) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    CHECK_ARGUMENT_ID(volId);
+    ACQUIRE_LOCK;
+
+    auto vol = VolumeManager::Instance()->findVolume(volId);
+    if (vol == nullptr) {
+        return error("Failed to find volume " + volId);
+    }
+
+    vol->setMountFlags(mountFlags);
+    vol->setMountUserId(mountUserId);
+
+    int res = vol->mount();
+    if ((mountFlags & MOUNT_FLAG_PRIMARY) != 0) {
+        VolumeManager::Instance()->setPrimary(vol);
+    }
+    return translate(res);
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::unmount(const std::string& volId) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    CHECK_ARGUMENT_ID(volId);
+    ACQUIRE_LOCK;
+
+    auto vol = VolumeManager::Instance()->findVolume(volId);
+    if (vol == nullptr) {
+        return error("Failed to find volume " + volId);
+    }
+    return translate(vol->unmount());
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::format(const std::string& volId, const std::string& fsType) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    CHECK_ARGUMENT_ID(volId);
+    ACQUIRE_LOCK;
+
+    auto vol = VolumeManager::Instance()->findVolume(volId);
+    if (vol == nullptr) {
+        return error("Failed to find volume " + volId);
+    }
+    return translate(vol->format(fsType));
+}
+
+static binder::Status pathForVolId(const std::string& volId, std::string* path) {
+    if (volId == "private" || volId == "null") {
+        *path = "/data";
+    } else {
+        auto vol = VolumeManager::Instance()->findVolume(volId);
+        if (vol == nullptr) {
+            return error("Failed to find volume " + volId);
+        }
+        if (vol->getType() != VolumeBase::Type::kPrivate) {
+            return error("Volume " + volId + " not private");
+        }
+        if (vol->getState() != VolumeBase::State::kMounted) {
+            return error("Volume " + volId + " not mounted");
+        }
+        *path = vol->getPath();
+        if (path->empty()) {
+            return error("Volume " + volId + " missing path");
+        }
+    }
+    return ok();
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::benchmark(
+    const std::string& volId, const android::sp<android::os::IVoldTaskListener>& listener) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    CHECK_ARGUMENT_ID(volId);
+    ACQUIRE_LOCK;
+
+    std::string path;
+    auto status = pathForVolId(volId, &path);
+    if (!status.isOk()) return status;
+
+    std::thread([=]() {
+        android::vold::Benchmark(path, listener);
+    }).detach();
+    return ok();
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::checkEncryption(const std::string& volId) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    CHECK_ARGUMENT_ID(volId);
+    ACQUIRE_LOCK;
+
+    std::string path;
+    auto status = pathForVolId(volId, &path);
+    if (!status.isOk()) return status;
+    return translate(android::vold::CheckEncryption(path));
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::moveStorage(const std::string& fromVolId,
+        const std::string& toVolId, const android::sp<android::os::IVoldTaskListener>& listener) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    CHECK_ARGUMENT_ID(fromVolId);
+    CHECK_ARGUMENT_ID(toVolId);
+    ACQUIRE_LOCK;
+
+    auto fromVol = VolumeManager::Instance()->findVolume(fromVolId);
+    auto toVol = VolumeManager::Instance()->findVolume(toVolId);
+    if (fromVol == nullptr) {
+        return error("Failed to find volume " + fromVolId);
+    } else if (toVol == nullptr) {
+        return error("Failed to find volume " + toVolId);
+    }
+
+    std::thread([=]() {
+        android::vold::MoveStorage(fromVol, toVol, listener);
+    }).detach();
+    return ok();
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::remountUid(int32_t uid, int32_t remountMode) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ACQUIRE_LOCK;
+
+    std::string tmp;
+    switch (remountMode) {
+    case REMOUNT_MODE_NONE: tmp = "none"; break;
+    case REMOUNT_MODE_DEFAULT: tmp = "default"; break;
+    case REMOUNT_MODE_READ: tmp = "read"; break;
+    case REMOUNT_MODE_WRITE: tmp = "write"; break;
+    default: return error("Unknown mode " + std::to_string(remountMode));
+    }
+    return translate(VolumeManager::Instance()->remountUid(uid, tmp));
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::mkdirs(const std::string& path) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    CHECK_ARGUMENT_PATH(path);
+    ACQUIRE_LOCK;
+
+    return translate(VolumeManager::Instance()->mkdirs(path));
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::createObb(const std::string& sourcePath,
+        const std::string& sourceKey, int32_t ownerGid, std::string* _aidl_return) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    CHECK_ARGUMENT_PATH(sourcePath);
+    CHECK_ARGUMENT_HEX(sourceKey);
+    ACQUIRE_LOCK;
+
+    return translate(
+            VolumeManager::Instance()->createObb(sourcePath, sourceKey, ownerGid, _aidl_return));
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::destroyObb(const std::string& volId) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    CHECK_ARGUMENT_ID(volId);
+    ACQUIRE_LOCK;
+
+    return translate(VolumeManager::Instance()->destroyObb(volId));
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::fstrim(int32_t fstrimFlags,
+        const android::sp<android::os::IVoldTaskListener>& listener) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ACQUIRE_LOCK;
+
+    std::thread([=]() {
+        android::vold::Trim(listener);
+    }).detach();
+    return ok();
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::runIdleMaint(
+        const android::sp<android::os::IVoldTaskListener>& listener) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ACQUIRE_LOCK;
+
+    std::thread([=]() {
+        android::vold::RunIdleMaint(listener);
+    }).detach();
+    return ok();
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::abortIdleMaint(
+        const android::sp<android::os::IVoldTaskListener>& listener) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ACQUIRE_LOCK;
+
+    std::thread([=]() {
+        android::vold::AbortIdleMaint(listener);
+    }).detach();
+    return ok();
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::mountAppFuse(int32_t uid, int32_t pid, int32_t mountId,
+        android::base::unique_fd* _aidl_return) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ACQUIRE_LOCK;
+
+    return translate(VolumeManager::Instance()->mountAppFuse(uid, pid, mountId, _aidl_return));
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::unmountAppFuse(int32_t uid, int32_t pid, int32_t mountId) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ACQUIRE_LOCK;
+
+    return translate(VolumeManager::Instance()->unmountAppFuse(uid, pid, mountId));
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::fdeCheckPassword(const std::string& password) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ACQUIRE_CRYPT_LOCK;
+
+    return translate(cryptfs_check_passwd(password.c_str()));
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::fdeRestart() {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ACQUIRE_CRYPT_LOCK;
+
+    // Spawn as thread so init can issue commands back to vold without
+    // causing deadlock, usually as a result of prep_data_fs.
+    std::thread(&cryptfs_restart).detach();
+    return ok();
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::fdeComplete(int32_t* _aidl_return) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ACQUIRE_CRYPT_LOCK;
+
+    *_aidl_return = cryptfs_crypto_complete();
+    return ok();
+}
+
+static int fdeEnableInternal(int32_t passwordType, const std::string& password,
+        int32_t encryptionFlags) {
+    bool noUi = (encryptionFlags & VoldNativeService::ENCRYPTION_FLAG_NO_UI) != 0;
+
+    std::string how;
+    if ((encryptionFlags & VoldNativeService::ENCRYPTION_FLAG_IN_PLACE) != 0) {
+        how = "inplace";
+    } else if ((encryptionFlags & VoldNativeService::ENCRYPTION_FLAG_WIPE) != 0) {
+        how = "wipe";
+    } else {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Missing encryption flag";
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    for (int tries = 0; tries < 2; ++tries) {
+        int rc;
+        if (passwordType == VoldNativeService::PASSWORD_TYPE_DEFAULT) {
+            rc = cryptfs_enable_default(how.c_str(), noUi);
+        } else {
+            rc = cryptfs_enable(how.c_str(), passwordType, password.c_str(), noUi);
+        }
+
+        if (rc == 0) {
+            return 0;
+        } else if (tries == 0) {
+            KillProcessesWithOpenFiles(DATA_MNT_POINT, SIGKILL);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return -1;
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::fdeEnable(int32_t passwordType,
+        const std::string& password, int32_t encryptionFlags) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ACQUIRE_CRYPT_LOCK;
+
+    if (e4crypt_is_native()) {
+        if (passwordType != PASSWORD_TYPE_DEFAULT) {
+            return error("Unexpected password type");
+        }
+        if (encryptionFlags != (ENCRYPTION_FLAG_IN_PLACE | ENCRYPTION_FLAG_NO_UI)) {
+            return error("Unexpected flags");
+        }
+        return translateBool(e4crypt_enable_crypto());
+    }
+
+    // Spawn as thread so init can issue commands back to vold without
+    // causing deadlock, usually as a result of prep_data_fs.
+    std::thread(&fdeEnableInternal, passwordType, password, encryptionFlags).detach();
+    return ok();
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::fdeChangePassword(int32_t passwordType,
+        const std::string& password) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ACQUIRE_CRYPT_LOCK;
+
+    return translate(cryptfs_changepw(passwordType, password.c_str()));
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::fdeVerifyPassword(const std::string& password) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ACQUIRE_CRYPT_LOCK;
+
+    return translate(cryptfs_verify_passwd(password.c_str()));
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::fdeGetField(const std::string& key,
+        std::string* _aidl_return) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ACQUIRE_CRYPT_LOCK;
+
+    char buf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
+    if (cryptfs_getfield(key.c_str(), buf, sizeof(buf)) != CRYPTO_GETFIELD_OK) {
+        return error(StringPrintf("Failed to read field %s", key.c_str()));
+    } else {
+        *_aidl_return = buf;
+        return ok();
+    }
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::fdeSetField(const std::string& key,
+        const std::string& value) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ACQUIRE_CRYPT_LOCK;
+
+    return translate(cryptfs_setfield(key.c_str(), value.c_str()));
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::fdeGetPasswordType(int32_t* _aidl_return) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ACQUIRE_CRYPT_LOCK;
+
+    *_aidl_return = cryptfs_get_password_type();
+    return ok();
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::fdeGetPassword(std::string* _aidl_return) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ACQUIRE_CRYPT_LOCK;
+
+    const char* res = cryptfs_get_password();
+    if (res != nullptr) {
+        *_aidl_return = res;
+    }
+    return ok();
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::fdeClearPassword() {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ACQUIRE_CRYPT_LOCK;
+
+    cryptfs_clear_password();
+    return ok();
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::fbeEnable() {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ACQUIRE_CRYPT_LOCK;
+
+    return translateBool(e4crypt_initialize_global_de());
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::mountDefaultEncrypted() {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ACQUIRE_CRYPT_LOCK;
+
+    if (e4crypt_is_native()) {
+        return translateBool(e4crypt_mount_metadata_encrypted());
+    } else {
+        // Spawn as thread so init can issue commands back to vold without
+        // causing deadlock, usually as a result of prep_data_fs.
+        std::thread(&cryptfs_mount_default_encrypted).detach();
+        return ok();
+    }
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::initUser0() {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ACQUIRE_CRYPT_LOCK;
+
+    return translateBool(e4crypt_init_user0());
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::isConvertibleToFbe(bool* _aidl_return) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ACQUIRE_CRYPT_LOCK;
+
+    *_aidl_return = cryptfs_isConvertibleToFBE() != 0;
+    return ok();
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::createUserKey(int32_t userId, int32_t userSerial,
+        bool ephemeral) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ACQUIRE_CRYPT_LOCK;
+
+    return translateBool(e4crypt_vold_create_user_key(userId, userSerial, ephemeral));
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::destroyUserKey(int32_t userId) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ACQUIRE_CRYPT_LOCK;
+
+    return translateBool(e4crypt_destroy_user_key(userId));
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::addUserKeyAuth(int32_t userId, int32_t userSerial,
+        const std::string& token, const std::string& secret) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ACQUIRE_CRYPT_LOCK;
+
+    return translateBool(e4crypt_add_user_key_auth(userId, userSerial, token, secret));
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::fixateNewestUserKeyAuth(int32_t userId) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ACQUIRE_CRYPT_LOCK;
+
+    return translateBool(e4crypt_fixate_newest_user_key_auth(userId));
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::unlockUserKey(int32_t userId, int32_t userSerial,
+        const std::string& token, const std::string& secret) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ACQUIRE_CRYPT_LOCK;
+
+    return translateBool(e4crypt_unlock_user_key(userId, userSerial, token, secret));
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::lockUserKey(int32_t userId) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    ACQUIRE_CRYPT_LOCK;
+
+    return translateBool(e4crypt_lock_user_key(userId));
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::prepareUserStorage(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid,
+        int32_t userId, int32_t userSerial, int32_t flags) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    std::string empty_string = "";
+    auto uuid_ = uuid ? *uuid : empty_string;
+    CHECK_ARGUMENT_HEX(uuid_);
+
+    ACQUIRE_CRYPT_LOCK;
+    return translateBool(e4crypt_prepare_user_storage(uuid_, userId, userSerial, flags));
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::destroyUserStorage(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid,
+        int32_t userId, int32_t flags) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    std::string empty_string = "";
+    auto uuid_ = uuid ? *uuid : empty_string;
+    CHECK_ARGUMENT_HEX(uuid_);
+
+    ACQUIRE_CRYPT_LOCK;
+    return translateBool(e4crypt_destroy_user_storage(uuid_, userId, flags));
+}
+
+binder::Status VoldNativeService::secdiscard(const std::string& path) {
+    ENFORCE_UID(AID_SYSTEM);
+    CHECK_ARGUMENT_PATH(path);
+    ACQUIRE_CRYPT_LOCK;
+
+    return translateBool(e4crypt_secdiscard(path));
+}
+
+}  // namespace vold
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/VoldNativeService.h b/VoldNativeService.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d107138
--- /dev/null
+++ b/VoldNativeService.h
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _VOLD_NATIVE_SERVICE_H_
+#define _VOLD_NATIVE_SERVICE_H_
+
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+#include <binder/BinderService.h>
+
+#include "android/os/BnVold.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace vold {
+
+class VoldNativeService : public BinderService<VoldNativeService>, public os::BnVold {
+public:
+    static status_t start();
+    static char const* getServiceName() { return "vold"; }
+    virtual status_t dump(int fd, const Vector<String16> &args) override;
+
+    binder::Status setListener(const android::sp<android::os::IVoldListener>& listener);
+
+    binder::Status monitor();
+    binder::Status reset();
+    binder::Status shutdown();
+    binder::Status mountAll();
+
+    binder::Status onUserAdded(int32_t userId, int32_t userSerial);
+    binder::Status onUserRemoved(int32_t userId);
+    binder::Status onUserStarted(int32_t userId);
+    binder::Status onUserStopped(int32_t userId);
+
+    binder::Status partition(const std::string& diskId, int32_t partitionType, int32_t ratio);
+    binder::Status forgetPartition(const std::string& partGuid, const std::string& fsUuid);
+
+    binder::Status mount(const std::string& volId, int32_t mountFlags, int32_t mountUserId);
+    binder::Status unmount(const std::string& volId);
+    binder::Status format(const std::string& volId, const std::string& fsType);
+    binder::Status benchmark(const std::string& volId,
+            const android::sp<android::os::IVoldTaskListener>& listener);
+    binder::Status checkEncryption(const std::string& volId);
+
+    binder::Status moveStorage(const std::string& fromVolId, const std::string& toVolId,
+            const android::sp<android::os::IVoldTaskListener>& listener);
+
+    binder::Status remountUid(int32_t uid, int32_t remountMode);
+
+    binder::Status mkdirs(const std::string& path);
+
+    binder::Status createObb(const std::string& sourcePath, const std::string& sourceKey,
+            int32_t ownerGid, std::string* _aidl_return);
+    binder::Status destroyObb(const std::string& volId);
+
+    binder::Status fstrim(int32_t fstrimFlags,
+            const android::sp<android::os::IVoldTaskListener>& listener);
+    binder::Status runIdleMaint(
+            const android::sp<android::os::IVoldTaskListener>& listener);
+    binder::Status abortIdleMaint(
+            const android::sp<android::os::IVoldTaskListener>& listener);
+
+    binder::Status mountAppFuse(int32_t uid, int32_t pid, int32_t mountId,
+            android::base::unique_fd* _aidl_return);
+    binder::Status unmountAppFuse(int32_t uid, int32_t pid, int32_t mountId);
+
+    binder::Status fdeCheckPassword(const std::string& password);
+    binder::Status fdeRestart();
+    binder::Status fdeComplete(int32_t* _aidl_return);
+    binder::Status fdeEnable(int32_t passwordType,
+            const std::string& password, int32_t encryptionFlags);
+    binder::Status fdeChangePassword(int32_t passwordType,
+            const std::string& password);
+    binder::Status fdeVerifyPassword(const std::string& password);
+    binder::Status fdeGetField(const std::string& key, std::string* _aidl_return);
+    binder::Status fdeSetField(const std::string& key, const std::string& value);
+    binder::Status fdeGetPasswordType(int32_t* _aidl_return);
+    binder::Status fdeGetPassword(std::string* _aidl_return);
+    binder::Status fdeClearPassword();
+
+    binder::Status fbeEnable();
+
+    binder::Status mountDefaultEncrypted();
+    binder::Status initUser0();
+    binder::Status isConvertibleToFbe(bool* _aidl_return);
+
+    binder::Status createUserKey(int32_t userId, int32_t userSerial, bool ephemeral);
+    binder::Status destroyUserKey(int32_t userId);
+
+    binder::Status addUserKeyAuth(int32_t userId, int32_t userSerial,
+            const std::string& token, const std::string& secret);
+    binder::Status fixateNewestUserKeyAuth(int32_t userId);
+
+    binder::Status unlockUserKey(int32_t userId, int32_t userSerial,
+            const std::string& token, const std::string& secret);
+    binder::Status lockUserKey(int32_t userId);
+
+    binder::Status prepareUserStorage(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid,
+            int32_t userId, int32_t userSerial, int32_t flags);
+    binder::Status destroyUserStorage(const std::unique_ptr<std::string>& uuid,
+            int32_t userId, int32_t flags);
+
+    binder::Status secdiscard(const std::string& path);
+};
+
+}  // namespace vold
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // _VOLD_NATIVE_SERVICE_H_
diff --git a/VoldUtil.c b/VoldUtil.cpp
similarity index 95%
rename from VoldUtil.c
rename to VoldUtil.cpp
index e5bc912..afe8b53 100644
--- a/VoldUtil.c
+++ b/VoldUtil.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
 #include <linux/fs.h>
 
+struct fstab *fstab_default;
+
 void get_blkdev_size(int fd, unsigned long* nr_sec) {
   if ((ioctl(fd, BLKGETSIZE, nr_sec)) == -1) {
     *nr_sec = 0;
diff --git a/VoldUtil.h b/VoldUtil.h
index 5738382..fd66672 100644
--- a/VoldUtil.h
+++ b/VoldUtil.h
@@ -17,12 +17,13 @@
 #ifndef _VOLDUTIL_H
 #define _VOLDUTIL_H
 
+#include <fstab/fstab.h>
 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
 
+extern struct fstab *fstab_default;
+
 #define ARRAY_SIZE(a) (sizeof(a) / sizeof(*(a)))
 
-__BEGIN_DECLS
 void get_blkdev_size(int fd, unsigned long* nr_sec);
-__END_DECLS
 
 #endif
diff --git a/VolumeManager.cpp b/VolumeManager.cpp
index c3c95f6..e078c0d 100644
--- a/VolumeManager.cpp
+++ b/VolumeManager.cpp
@@ -14,10 +14,11 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_PACKAGE_MANAGER
+
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
-#include <fts.h>
 #include <mntent.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
@@ -32,15 +33,14 @@
 
 #include <linux/kdev_t.h>
 
-#define LOG_TAG "Vold"
-
-#include <openssl/md5.h>
-
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/parseint.h>
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
+
 #include <cutils/fs.h>
-#include <cutils/log.h>
+#include <utils/Trace.h>
 
 #include <selinux/android.h>
 
@@ -48,49 +48,24 @@
 
 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
 
-#include "Benchmark.h"
-#include "EmulatedVolume.h"
-#include "VolumeManager.h"
-#include "NetlinkManager.h"
-#include "ResponseCode.h"
+#include <ext4_utils/ext4_crypt.h>
+
+#include "Devmapper.h"
+#include "Ext4Crypt.h"
 #include "Loop.h"
+#include "NetlinkManager.h"
+#include "Process.h"
+#include "Utils.h"
+#include "VoldUtil.h"
+#include "VolumeManager.h"
+#include "cryptfs.h"
 #include "fs/Ext4.h"
 #include "fs/Vfat.h"
-#include "Utils.h"
-#include "Devmapper.h"
-#include "Process.h"
-#include "Asec.h"
-#include "VoldUtil.h"
-#include "cryptfs.h"
-
-#define MASS_STORAGE_FILE_PATH  "/sys/class/android_usb/android0/f_mass_storage/lun/file"
-
-#define ROUND_UP_POWER_OF_2(number, po2) (((!!((number) & ((1U << (po2)) - 1))) << (po2))\
-                                         + ((number) & (~((1U << (po2)) - 1))))
+#include "model/EmulatedVolume.h"
+#include "model/ObbVolume.h"
 
 using android::base::StringPrintf;
-
-/*
- * Path to external storage where *only* root can access ASEC image files
- */
-const char *VolumeManager::SEC_ASECDIR_EXT   = "/mnt/secure/asec";
-
-/*
- * Path to internal storage where *only* root can access ASEC image files
- */
-const char *VolumeManager::SEC_ASECDIR_INT   = "/data/app-asec";
-
-/*
- * Path to where secure containers are mounted
- */
-const char *VolumeManager::ASECDIR           = "/mnt/asec";
-
-/*
- * Path to where OBBs are mounted
- */
-const char *VolumeManager::LOOPDIR           = "/mnt/obb";
-
-bool VolumeManager::shutting_down = false;
+using android::base::unique_fd;
 
 static const char* kPathUserMount = "/mnt/user";
 static const char* kPathVirtualDisk = "/data/misc/vold/virtual_disk";
@@ -104,107 +79,6 @@
 static const unsigned int kMajorBlockExperimentalMin = 240;
 static const unsigned int kMajorBlockExperimentalMax = 254;
 
-/* writes superblock at end of file or device given by name */
-static int writeSuperBlock(const char* name, struct asec_superblock *sb, unsigned int numImgSectors) {
-    int sbfd = open(name, O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC);
-    if (sbfd < 0) {
-        SLOGE("Failed to open %s for superblock write (%s)", name, strerror(errno));
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (lseek(sbfd, (numImgSectors * 512), SEEK_SET) < 0) {
-        SLOGE("Failed to lseek for superblock (%s)", strerror(errno));
-        close(sbfd);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (write(sbfd, sb, sizeof(struct asec_superblock)) != sizeof(struct asec_superblock)) {
-        SLOGE("Failed to write superblock (%s)", strerror(errno));
-        close(sbfd);
-        return -1;
-    }
-    close(sbfd);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static unsigned long adjustSectorNumExt4(unsigned long numSectors) {
-    // Ext4 started to reserve 2% or 4096 clusters, whichever is smaller for
-    // preventing costly operations or unexpected ENOSPC error.
-    // Ext4::format() uses default block size without clustering.
-    unsigned long clusterSectors = 4096 / 512;
-    unsigned long reservedSectors = (numSectors * 2)/100 + (numSectors % 50 > 0);
-    numSectors += reservedSectors > (4096 * clusterSectors) ? (4096 * clusterSectors) : reservedSectors;
-    return ROUND_UP_POWER_OF_2(numSectors, 3);
-}
-
-static unsigned long adjustSectorNumFAT(unsigned long numSectors) {
-    /*
-    * Add some headroom
-    */
-    unsigned long fatSize = (((numSectors * 4) / 512) + 1) * 2;
-    numSectors += fatSize + 2;
-    /*
-    * FAT is aligned to 32 kb with 512b sectors.
-    */
-    return ROUND_UP_POWER_OF_2(numSectors, 6);
-}
-
-static int setupLoopDevice(char* buffer, size_t len, const char* asecFileName, const char* idHash, bool debug) {
-    if (Loop::lookupActive(idHash, buffer, len)) {
-        if (Loop::create(idHash, asecFileName, buffer, len)) {
-            SLOGE("ASEC loop device creation failed for %s (%s)", asecFileName, strerror(errno));
-            return -1;
-        }
-        if (debug) {
-            SLOGD("New loop device created at %s", buffer);
-        }
-    } else {
-        if (debug) {
-            SLOGD("Found active loopback for %s at %s", asecFileName, buffer);
-        }
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static int setupDevMapperDevice(char* buffer, size_t len, const char* loopDevice, const char* asecFileName, const char* key, const char* idHash , unsigned long numImgSectors, bool* createdDMDevice, bool debug) {
-    if (strcmp(key, "none")) {
-        if (Devmapper::lookupActive(idHash, buffer, len)) {
-            if (Devmapper::create(idHash, loopDevice, key, numImgSectors,
-                                  buffer, len)) {
-                SLOGE("ASEC device mapping failed for %s (%s)", asecFileName, strerror(errno));
-                return -1;
-            }
-            if (debug) {
-                SLOGD("New devmapper instance created at %s", buffer);
-            }
-        } else {
-            if (debug) {
-                SLOGD("Found active devmapper for %s at %s", asecFileName, buffer);
-            }
-        }
-        *createdDMDevice = true;
-    } else {
-        strlcpy(buffer, loopDevice, len);
-        *createdDMDevice = false;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static void waitForDevMapper(const char *dmDevice) {
-    /*
-     * Wait for the device mapper node to be created. Sometimes it takes a
-     * while. Wait for up to 1 second. We could also inspect incoming uevents,
-     * but that would take more effort.
-     */
-    int tries = 25;
-    while (tries--) {
-        if (!access(dmDevice, F_OK) || errno != ENOENT) {
-            break;
-        }
-        usleep(40 * 1000);
-    }
-}
-
 VolumeManager *VolumeManager::sInstance = NULL;
 
 VolumeManager *VolumeManager::Instance() {
@@ -215,52 +89,15 @@
 
 VolumeManager::VolumeManager() {
     mDebug = false;
-    mActiveContainers = new AsecIdCollection();
-    mBroadcaster = NULL;
-    mUmsSharingCount = 0;
-    mSavedDirtyRatio = -1;
-    // set dirty ratio to 0 when UMS is active
-    mUmsDirtyRatio = 0;
+    mNextObbId = 0;
 }
 
 VolumeManager::~VolumeManager() {
-    delete mActiveContainers;
-}
-
-char *VolumeManager::asecHash(const char *id, char *buffer, size_t len) {
-    static const char* digits = "0123456789abcdef";
-
-    unsigned char sig[MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH];
-
-    if (buffer == NULL) {
-        SLOGE("Destination buffer is NULL");
-        errno = ESPIPE;
-        return NULL;
-    } else if (id == NULL) {
-        SLOGE("Source buffer is NULL");
-        errno = ESPIPE;
-        return NULL;
-    } else if (len < MD5_ASCII_LENGTH_PLUS_NULL) {
-        SLOGE("Target hash buffer size < %d bytes (%zu)",
-                MD5_ASCII_LENGTH_PLUS_NULL, len);
-        errno = ESPIPE;
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    MD5(reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(id), strlen(id), sig);
-
-    char *p = buffer;
-    for (int i = 0; i < MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH; i++) {
-        *p++ = digits[sig[i] >> 4];
-        *p++ = digits[sig[i] & 0x0F];
-    }
-    *p = '\0';
-
-    return buffer;
 }
 
 int VolumeManager::updateVirtualDisk() {
-    if (property_get_bool(kPropVirtualDisk, false)) {
+    ATRACE_NAME("VolumeManager::updateVirtualDisk");
+    if (android::base::GetBoolProperty(kPropVirtualDisk, false)) {
         if (access(kPathVirtualDisk, F_OK) != 0) {
             Loop::createImageFile(kPathVirtualDisk, kSizeVirtualDisk / 512);
         }
@@ -314,10 +151,15 @@
 }
 
 int VolumeManager::start() {
+    ATRACE_NAME("VolumeManager::start");
+
     // Always start from a clean slate by unmounting everything in
     // directories that we own, in case we crashed.
     unmountAll();
 
+    Devmapper::destroyAll();
+    Loop::destroyAll();
+
     // Assume that we always have an emulated volume on internal
     // storage; the framework will decide if it should be mounted.
     CHECK(mInternalEmulated == nullptr);
@@ -352,8 +194,8 @@
 
     if (devType != "disk") return;
 
-    int major = atoi(evt->findParam("MAJOR"));
-    int minor = atoi(evt->findParam("MINOR"));
+    int major = std::stoi(evt->findParam("MAJOR"));
+    int minor = std::stoi(evt->findParam("MINOR"));
     dev_t device = makedev(major, minor);
 
     switch (evt->getAction()) {
@@ -438,6 +280,11 @@
             return vol;
         }
     }
+    for (const auto& vol : mObbVolumes) {
+        if (vol->getId() == id) {
+            return vol;
+        }
+    }
     return nullptr;
 }
 
@@ -449,39 +296,25 @@
     }
 }
 
-nsecs_t VolumeManager::benchmarkPrivate(const std::string& id) {
-    std::string path;
-    if (id == "private" || id == "null") {
-        path = "/data";
-    } else {
-        auto vol = findVolume(id);
-        if (vol != nullptr && vol->getState() == android::vold::VolumeBase::State::kMounted) {
-            path = vol->getPath();
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (path.empty()) {
-        LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to find volume for " << id;
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    return android::vold::BenchmarkPrivate(path);
-}
-
-int VolumeManager::forgetPartition(const std::string& partGuid) {
+int VolumeManager::forgetPartition(const std::string& partGuid, const std::string& fsUuid) {
     std::string normalizedGuid;
     if (android::vold::NormalizeHex(partGuid, normalizedGuid)) {
         LOG(WARNING) << "Invalid GUID " << partGuid;
         return -1;
     }
 
+    bool success = true;
     std::string keyPath = android::vold::BuildKeyPath(normalizedGuid);
     if (unlink(keyPath.c_str()) != 0) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to unlink " << keyPath;
-        return -1;
+        success = false;
     }
-
-    return 0;
+    if (e4crypt_is_native()) {
+        if (!e4crypt_destroy_volume_keys(fsUuid)) {
+            success = false;
+        }
+    }
+    return success ? 0 : -1;
 }
 
 int VolumeManager::linkPrimary(userid_t userId) {
@@ -494,13 +327,12 @@
     std::string target(StringPrintf("/mnt/user/%d/primary", userId));
     if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(unlink(target.c_str()))) {
         if (errno != ENOENT) {
-            SLOGW("Failed to unlink %s: %s", target.c_str(), strerror(errno));
+            PLOG(WARNING) << "Failed to unlink " << target;
         }
     }
     LOG(DEBUG) << "Linking " << source << " to " << target;
     if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(symlink(source.c_str(), target.c_str()))) {
-        SLOGW("Failed to link %s to %s: %s", source.c_str(), target.c_str(),
-                strerror(errno));
+        PLOG(WARNING) << "Failed to link";
         return -errno;
     }
     return 0;
@@ -543,12 +375,10 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int unmount_tree(const char* path) {
-    size_t path_len = strlen(path);
-
+static int unmount_tree(const std::string& prefix) {
     FILE* fp = setmntent("/proc/mounts", "r");
     if (fp == NULL) {
-        ALOGE("Error opening /proc/mounts: %s", strerror(errno));
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open /proc/mounts";
         return -errno;
     }
 
@@ -557,15 +387,16 @@
     std::list<std::string> toUnmount;
     mntent* mentry;
     while ((mentry = getmntent(fp)) != NULL) {
-        if (strncmp(mentry->mnt_dir, path, path_len) == 0) {
-            toUnmount.push_front(std::string(mentry->mnt_dir));
+        auto test = std::string(mentry->mnt_dir) + "/";
+        if (android::base::StartsWith(test, prefix.c_str())) {
+            toUnmount.push_front(test);
         }
     }
     endmntent(fp);
 
     for (const auto& path : toUnmount) {
         if (umount2(path.c_str(), MNT_DETACH)) {
-            ALOGW("Failed to unmount %s: %s", path.c_str(), strerror(errno));
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to unmount " << path;
         }
     }
     return 0;
@@ -576,8 +407,8 @@
 
     DIR* dir;
     struct dirent* de;
-    char rootName[PATH_MAX];
-    char pidName[PATH_MAX];
+    std::string rootName;
+    std::string pidName;
     int pidFd;
     int nsFd;
     struct stat sb;
@@ -589,8 +420,8 @@
     }
 
     // Figure out root namespace to compare against below
-    if (android::vold::SaneReadLinkAt(dirfd(dir), "1/ns/mnt", rootName, PATH_MAX) == -1) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to readlink";
+    if (!android::vold::Readlinkat(dirfd(dir), "1/ns/mnt", &rootName)) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read root namespace";
         closedir(dir);
         return -1;
     }
@@ -618,11 +449,11 @@
 
         // Matches so far, but refuse to touch if in root namespace
         LOG(DEBUG) << "Found matching PID " << de->d_name;
-        if (android::vold::SaneReadLinkAt(pidFd, "ns/mnt", pidName, PATH_MAX) == -1) {
+        if (!android::vold::Readlinkat(pidFd, "ns/mnt", &pidName)) {
             PLOG(WARNING) << "Failed to read namespace for " << de->d_name;
             goto next;
         }
-        if (!strcmp(rootName, pidName)) {
+        if (rootName == pidName) {
             LOG(WARNING) << "Skipping due to root namespace";
             goto next;
         }
@@ -640,7 +471,7 @@
                 _exit(1);
             }
 
-            unmount_tree("/storage");
+            unmount_tree("/storage/");
 
             std::string storageSource;
             if (mode == "default") {
@@ -716,19 +547,20 @@
     if (mInternalEmulated == nullptr) {
         return 0; // already shutdown
     }
-    shutting_down = true;
+    android::vold::sSleepOnUnmount = false;
     mInternalEmulated->destroy();
     mInternalEmulated = nullptr;
     for (const auto& disk : mDisks) {
         disk->destroy();
     }
     mDisks.clear();
-    shutting_down = false;
+    android::vold::sSleepOnUnmount = true;
     return 0;
 }
 
 int VolumeManager::unmountAll() {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+    ATRACE_NAME("VolumeManager::unmountAll()");
 
     // First, try gracefully unmounting all known devices
     if (mInternalEmulated != nullptr) {
@@ -742,7 +574,7 @@
     // force unmount those just to be safe.
     FILE* fp = setmntent("/proc/mounts", "r");
     if (fp == NULL) {
-        SLOGE("Error opening /proc/mounts: %s", strerror(errno));
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open /proc/mounts";
         return -errno;
     }
 
@@ -751,1219 +583,242 @@
     std::list<std::string> toUnmount;
     mntent* mentry;
     while ((mentry = getmntent(fp)) != NULL) {
-        if (strncmp(mentry->mnt_dir, "/mnt/", 5) == 0
-                || strncmp(mentry->mnt_dir, "/storage/", 9) == 0) {
-            toUnmount.push_front(std::string(mentry->mnt_dir));
+        auto test = std::string(mentry->mnt_dir);
+        if (android::base::StartsWith(test, "/mnt/")
+                || android::base::StartsWith(test, "/storage/")) {
+            toUnmount.push_front(test);
         }
     }
     endmntent(fp);
 
     for (const auto& path : toUnmount) {
-        SLOGW("Tearing down stale mount %s", path.c_str());
+        LOG(DEBUG) << "Tearing down stale mount " << path;
         android::vold::ForceUnmount(path);
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-int VolumeManager::getObbMountPath(const char *sourceFile, char *mountPath, int mountPathLen) {
-    char idHash[33];
-    if (!asecHash(sourceFile, idHash, sizeof(idHash))) {
-        SLOGE("Hash of '%s' failed (%s)", sourceFile, strerror(errno));
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    memset(mountPath, 0, mountPathLen);
-    int written = snprintf(mountPath, mountPathLen, "%s/%s", VolumeManager::LOOPDIR, idHash);
-    if ((written < 0) || (written >= mountPathLen)) {
-        errno = EINVAL;
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (access(mountPath, F_OK)) {
-        errno = ENOENT;
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int VolumeManager::getAsecMountPath(const char *id, char *buffer, int maxlen) {
-    char asecFileName[255];
-
-    if (!isLegalAsecId(id)) {
-        SLOGE("getAsecMountPath: Invalid asec id \"%s\"", id);
-        errno = EINVAL;
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (findAsec(id, asecFileName, sizeof(asecFileName))) {
-        SLOGE("Couldn't find ASEC %s", id);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    memset(buffer, 0, maxlen);
-    if (access(asecFileName, F_OK)) {
-        errno = ENOENT;
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    int written = snprintf(buffer, maxlen, "%s/%s", VolumeManager::ASECDIR, id);
-    if ((written < 0) || (written >= maxlen)) {
-        SLOGE("getAsecMountPath failed for %s: couldn't construct path in buffer", id);
-        errno = EINVAL;
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int VolumeManager::getAsecFilesystemPath(const char *id, char *buffer, int maxlen) {
-    char asecFileName[255];
-
-    if (!isLegalAsecId(id)) {
-        SLOGE("getAsecFilesystemPath: Invalid asec id \"%s\"", id);
-        errno = EINVAL;
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (findAsec(id, asecFileName, sizeof(asecFileName))) {
-        SLOGE("Couldn't find ASEC %s", id);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    memset(buffer, 0, maxlen);
-    if (access(asecFileName, F_OK)) {
-        errno = ENOENT;
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    int written = snprintf(buffer, maxlen, "%s", asecFileName);
-    if ((written < 0) || (written >= maxlen)) {
-        errno = EINVAL;
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int VolumeManager::createAsec(const char *id, unsigned long numSectors, const char *fstype,
-        const char *key, const int ownerUid, bool isExternal) {
-    struct asec_superblock sb;
-    memset(&sb, 0, sizeof(sb));
-
-    if (!isLegalAsecId(id)) {
-        SLOGE("createAsec: Invalid asec id \"%s\"", id);
-        errno = EINVAL;
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    const bool wantFilesystem = strcmp(fstype, "none");
-    bool usingExt4 = false;
-    if (wantFilesystem) {
-        usingExt4 = !strcmp(fstype, "ext4");
-        if (usingExt4) {
-            sb.c_opts |= ASEC_SB_C_OPTS_EXT4;
-        } else if (strcmp(fstype, "fat")) {
-            SLOGE("Invalid filesystem type %s", fstype);
-            errno = EINVAL;
-            return -1;
-        }
-    }
-
-    sb.magic = ASEC_SB_MAGIC;
-    sb.ver = ASEC_SB_VER;
-
-    if (numSectors < ((1024*1024)/512)) {
-        SLOGE("Invalid container size specified (%lu sectors)", numSectors);
-        errno = EINVAL;
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    char asecFileName[255];
-
-    if (!findAsec(id, asecFileName, sizeof(asecFileName))) {
-        SLOGE("ASEC file '%s' currently exists - destroy it first! (%s)",
-                asecFileName, strerror(errno));
-        errno = EADDRINUSE;
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    const char *asecDir = isExternal ? VolumeManager::SEC_ASECDIR_EXT : VolumeManager::SEC_ASECDIR_INT;
-
-    int written = snprintf(asecFileName, sizeof(asecFileName), "%s/%s.asec", asecDir, id);
-    if ((written < 0) || (size_t(written) >= sizeof(asecFileName))) {
-        errno = EINVAL;
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (!access(asecFileName, F_OK)) {
-        SLOGE("ASEC file '%s' currently exists - destroy it first! (%s)",
-                asecFileName, strerror(errno));
-        errno = EADDRINUSE;
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    unsigned long numImgSectors;
-    if (usingExt4)
-        numImgSectors = adjustSectorNumExt4(numSectors);
-    else
-        numImgSectors = adjustSectorNumFAT(numSectors);
-
-    // Add +1 for our superblock which is at the end
-    if (Loop::createImageFile(asecFileName, numImgSectors + 1)) {
-        SLOGE("ASEC image file creation failed (%s)", strerror(errno));
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    char idHash[33];
-    if (!asecHash(id, idHash, sizeof(idHash))) {
-        SLOGE("Hash of '%s' failed (%s)", id, strerror(errno));
-        unlink(asecFileName);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    char loopDevice[255];
-    if (Loop::create(idHash, asecFileName, loopDevice, sizeof(loopDevice))) {
-        SLOGE("ASEC loop device creation failed (%s)", strerror(errno));
-        unlink(asecFileName);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    char dmDevice[255];
-    bool cleanupDm = false;
-
-    if (strcmp(key, "none")) {
-        // XXX: This is all we support for now
-        sb.c_cipher = ASEC_SB_C_CIPHER_TWOFISH;
-        if (Devmapper::create(idHash, loopDevice, key, numImgSectors, dmDevice,
-                             sizeof(dmDevice))) {
-            SLOGE("ASEC device mapping failed (%s)", strerror(errno));
-            Loop::destroyByDevice(loopDevice);
-            unlink(asecFileName);
-            return -1;
-        }
-        cleanupDm = true;
-    } else {
-        sb.c_cipher = ASEC_SB_C_CIPHER_NONE;
-        strlcpy(dmDevice, loopDevice, sizeof(dmDevice));
-    }
-
-    /*
-     * Drop down the superblock at the end of the file
-     */
-    if (writeSuperBlock(loopDevice, &sb, numImgSectors)) {
-        if (cleanupDm) {
-            Devmapper::destroy(idHash);
-        }
-        Loop::destroyByDevice(loopDevice);
-        unlink(asecFileName);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (wantFilesystem) {
-        int formatStatus;
-        char mountPoint[255];
-
-        int written = snprintf(mountPoint, sizeof(mountPoint), "%s/%s", VolumeManager::ASECDIR, id);
-        if ((written < 0) || (size_t(written) >= sizeof(mountPoint))) {
-            SLOGE("ASEC fs format failed: couldn't construct mountPoint");
-            if (cleanupDm) {
-                Devmapper::destroy(idHash);
-            }
-            Loop::destroyByDevice(loopDevice);
-            unlink(asecFileName);
-            return -1;
-        }
-
-        if (usingExt4) {
-            formatStatus = android::vold::ext4::Format(dmDevice, numImgSectors, mountPoint);
-        } else {
-            formatStatus = android::vold::vfat::Format(dmDevice, numImgSectors);
-        }
-
-        if (formatStatus < 0) {
-            SLOGE("ASEC fs format failed (%s)", strerror(errno));
-            if (cleanupDm) {
-                Devmapper::destroy(idHash);
-            }
-            Loop::destroyByDevice(loopDevice);
-            unlink(asecFileName);
-            return -1;
-        }
-
-        if (mkdir(mountPoint, 0000)) {
-            if (errno != EEXIST) {
-                SLOGE("Mountpoint creation failed (%s)", strerror(errno));
-                if (cleanupDm) {
-                    Devmapper::destroy(idHash);
-                }
-                Loop::destroyByDevice(loopDevice);
-                unlink(asecFileName);
-                return -1;
-            }
-        }
-
-        int mountStatus;
-        if (usingExt4) {
-            mountStatus = android::vold::ext4::Mount(dmDevice, mountPoint,
-                    false, false, false);
-        } else {
-            mountStatus = android::vold::vfat::Mount(dmDevice, mountPoint,
-                    false, false, false, ownerUid, 0, 0000, false);
-        }
-
-        if (mountStatus) {
-            SLOGE("ASEC FAT mount failed (%s)", strerror(errno));
-            if (cleanupDm) {
-                Devmapper::destroy(idHash);
-            }
-            Loop::destroyByDevice(loopDevice);
-            unlink(asecFileName);
-            return -1;
-        }
-
-        if (usingExt4) {
-            int dirfd = open(mountPoint, O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC);
-            if (dirfd >= 0) {
-                if (fchown(dirfd, ownerUid, AID_SYSTEM)
-                        || fchmod(dirfd, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IXUSR | S_ISGID | S_IRGRP | S_IXGRP)) {
-                    SLOGI("Cannot chown/chmod new ASEC mount point %s", mountPoint);
-                }
-                close(dirfd);
-            }
-        }
-    } else {
-        SLOGI("Created raw secure container %s (no filesystem)", id);
-    }
-
-    mActiveContainers->push_back(new ContainerData(strdup(id), ASEC));
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int VolumeManager::resizeAsec(const char *id, unsigned long numSectors, const char *key) {
-    char asecFileName[255];
-    char mountPoint[255];
-    bool cleanupDm = false;
-
-    if (!isLegalAsecId(id)) {
-        SLOGE("resizeAsec: Invalid asec id \"%s\"", id);
-        errno = EINVAL;
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (findAsec(id, asecFileName, sizeof(asecFileName))) {
-        SLOGE("Couldn't find ASEC %s", id);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    int written = snprintf(mountPoint, sizeof(mountPoint), "%s/%s", VolumeManager::ASECDIR, id);
-    if ((written < 0) || (size_t(written) >= sizeof(mountPoint))) {
-       SLOGE("ASEC resize failed for %s: couldn't construct mountpoint", id);
-       return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (isMountpointMounted(mountPoint)) {
-       SLOGE("ASEC %s mounted. Unmount before resizing", id);
-       errno = EBUSY;
-       return -1;
-    }
-
-    struct asec_superblock sb;
-    int fd;
-    unsigned long oldNumSec = 0;
-
-    if ((fd = open(asecFileName, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
-        SLOGE("Failed to open ASEC file (%s)", strerror(errno));
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    struct stat info;
-    if (fstat(fd, &info) < 0) {
-        SLOGE("Failed to get file size (%s)", strerror(errno));
-        close(fd);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    oldNumSec = info.st_size / 512;
-
-    /*
-     * Try to read superblock.
-     */
-    memset(&sb, 0, sizeof(struct asec_superblock));
-    if (lseek(fd, ((oldNumSec - 1) * 512), SEEK_SET) < 0) {
-        SLOGE("lseek failed (%s)", strerror(errno));
-        close(fd);
-        return -1;
-    }
-    if (read(fd, &sb, sizeof(struct asec_superblock)) != sizeof(struct asec_superblock)) {
-        SLOGE("superblock read failed (%s)", strerror(errno));
-        close(fd);
-        return -1;
-    }
-    close(fd);
-
-    if (mDebug) {
-        SLOGD("Container sb magic/ver (%.8x/%.2x)", sb.magic, sb.ver);
-    }
-    if (sb.magic != ASEC_SB_MAGIC || sb.ver != ASEC_SB_VER) {
-        SLOGE("Bad container magic/version (%.8x/%.2x)", sb.magic, sb.ver);
-        errno = EMEDIUMTYPE;
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    unsigned long numImgSectors;
-    if (!(sb.c_opts & ASEC_SB_C_OPTS_EXT4)) {
-        SLOGE("Only ext4 partitions are supported for resize");
-        errno = EINVAL;
-        return -1;
-    } else {
-        numImgSectors = adjustSectorNumExt4(numSectors);
-    }
-
-    /*
-     *  add one block for the superblock
-     */
-    SLOGD("Resizing from %lu sectors to %lu sectors", oldNumSec, numImgSectors + 1);
-    if (oldNumSec == numImgSectors + 1) {
-        SLOGW("Size unchanged; ignoring resize request");
-        return 0;
-    } else if (oldNumSec > numImgSectors + 1) {
-        SLOGE("Only growing is currently supported.");
-        close(fd);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (Loop::resizeImageFile(asecFileName, numImgSectors + 1)) {
-        SLOGE("Resize of ASEC image file failed. Could not resize %s", id);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    /*
-     * Drop down a copy of the superblock at the end of the file
-     */
-    if (writeSuperBlock(asecFileName, &sb, numImgSectors))
-        goto fail;
-
-    char idHash[33];
-    if (!asecHash(id, idHash, sizeof(idHash))) {
-        SLOGE("Hash of '%s' failed (%s)", id, strerror(errno));
-        goto fail;
-    }
-
-    char loopDevice[255];
-    if (setupLoopDevice(loopDevice, sizeof(loopDevice), asecFileName, idHash, mDebug))
-        goto fail;
-
-    char dmDevice[255];
-
-    if (setupDevMapperDevice(dmDevice, sizeof(dmDevice), loopDevice, asecFileName, key, idHash, numImgSectors, &cleanupDm, mDebug)) {
-        Loop::destroyByDevice(loopDevice);
-        goto fail;
-    }
-
-    /*
-     * Wait for the device mapper node to be created.
-     */
-    waitForDevMapper(dmDevice);
-
-    if (android::vold::ext4::Resize(dmDevice, numImgSectors)) {
-        SLOGE("Unable to resize %s (%s)", id, strerror(errno));
-        if (cleanupDm) {
-            Devmapper::destroy(idHash);
-        }
-        Loop::destroyByDevice(loopDevice);
-        goto fail;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-fail:
-    Loop::resizeImageFile(asecFileName, oldNumSec);
-    return -1;
-}
-
-int VolumeManager::finalizeAsec(const char *id) {
-    char asecFileName[255];
-    char loopDevice[255];
-    char mountPoint[255];
-
-    if (!isLegalAsecId(id)) {
-        SLOGE("finalizeAsec: Invalid asec id \"%s\"", id);
-        errno = EINVAL;
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (findAsec(id, asecFileName, sizeof(asecFileName))) {
-        SLOGE("Couldn't find ASEC %s", id);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    char idHash[33];
-    if (!asecHash(id, idHash, sizeof(idHash))) {
-        SLOGE("Hash of '%s' failed (%s)", id, strerror(errno));
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (Loop::lookupActive(idHash, loopDevice, sizeof(loopDevice))) {
-        SLOGE("Unable to finalize %s (%s)", id, strerror(errno));
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    unsigned long nr_sec = 0;
-    struct asec_superblock sb;
-
-    if (Loop::lookupInfo(loopDevice, &sb, &nr_sec)) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    int written = snprintf(mountPoint, sizeof(mountPoint), "%s/%s", VolumeManager::ASECDIR, id);
-    if ((written < 0) || (size_t(written) >= sizeof(mountPoint))) {
-        SLOGE("ASEC finalize failed: couldn't construct mountPoint");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    int result = 0;
-    if (sb.c_opts & ASEC_SB_C_OPTS_EXT4) {
-        result = android::vold::ext4::Mount(loopDevice, mountPoint,
-                true, true, true);
-    } else {
-        result = android::vold::vfat::Mount(loopDevice, mountPoint,
-                true, true, true, 0, 0, 0227, false);
-    }
-
-    if (result) {
-        SLOGE("ASEC finalize mount failed (%s)", strerror(errno));
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (mDebug) {
-        SLOGD("ASEC %s finalized", id);
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int VolumeManager::fixupAsecPermissions(const char *id, gid_t gid, const char* filename) {
-    char asecFileName[255];
-    char loopDevice[255];
-    char mountPoint[255];
-
-    if (gid < AID_APP) {
-        SLOGE("Group ID is not in application range");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (!isLegalAsecId(id)) {
-        SLOGE("fixupAsecPermissions: Invalid asec id \"%s\"", id);
-        errno = EINVAL;
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (findAsec(id, asecFileName, sizeof(asecFileName))) {
-        SLOGE("Couldn't find ASEC %s", id);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    char idHash[33];
-    if (!asecHash(id, idHash, sizeof(idHash))) {
-        SLOGE("Hash of '%s' failed (%s)", id, strerror(errno));
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (Loop::lookupActive(idHash, loopDevice, sizeof(loopDevice))) {
-        SLOGE("Unable fix permissions during lookup on %s (%s)", id, strerror(errno));
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    unsigned long nr_sec = 0;
-    struct asec_superblock sb;
-
-    if (Loop::lookupInfo(loopDevice, &sb, &nr_sec)) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    int written = snprintf(mountPoint, sizeof(mountPoint), "%s/%s", VolumeManager::ASECDIR, id);
-    if ((written < 0) || (size_t(written) >= sizeof(mountPoint))) {
-        SLOGE("Unable remount to fix permissions for %s: couldn't construct mountpoint", id);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    int result = 0;
-    if ((sb.c_opts & ASEC_SB_C_OPTS_EXT4) == 0) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    int ret = android::vold::ext4::Mount(loopDevice, mountPoint,
-            false /* read-only */,
-            true  /* remount */,
-            false /* executable */);
-    if (ret) {
-        SLOGE("Unable remount to fix permissions for %s (%s)", id, strerror(errno));
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    char *paths[] = { mountPoint, NULL };
-
-    FTS *fts = fts_open(paths, FTS_PHYSICAL | FTS_NOCHDIR | FTS_XDEV, NULL);
-    if (fts) {
-        // Traverse the entire hierarchy and chown to system UID.
-        for (FTSENT *ftsent = fts_read(fts); ftsent != NULL; ftsent = fts_read(fts)) {
-            // We don't care about the lost+found directory.
-            if (!strcmp(ftsent->fts_name, "lost+found")) {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            /*
-             * There can only be one file marked as private right now.
-             * This should be more robust, but it satisfies the requirements
-             * we have for right now.
-             */
-            const bool privateFile = !strcmp(ftsent->fts_name, filename);
-
-            int fd = open(ftsent->fts_accpath, O_NOFOLLOW | O_CLOEXEC);
-            if (fd < 0) {
-                SLOGE("Couldn't open file %s: %s", ftsent->fts_accpath, strerror(errno));
-                result = -1;
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            result |= fchown(fd, AID_SYSTEM, privateFile? gid : AID_SYSTEM);
-
-            if (ftsent->fts_info & FTS_D) {
-                result |= fchmod(fd, 0755);
-            } else if (ftsent->fts_info & FTS_F) {
-                result |= fchmod(fd, privateFile ? 0640 : 0644);
-            }
-
-            if (selinux_android_restorecon(ftsent->fts_path, 0) < 0) {
-                SLOGE("restorecon failed for %s: %s\n", ftsent->fts_path, strerror(errno));
-                result |= -1;
-            }
-
-            close(fd);
-        }
-        fts_close(fts);
-
-        // Finally make the directory readable by everyone.
-        int dirfd = open(mountPoint, O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC);
-        if (dirfd < 0 || fchmod(dirfd, 0755)) {
-            SLOGE("Couldn't change owner of existing directory %s: %s", mountPoint, strerror(errno));
-            result |= -1;
-        }
-        close(dirfd);
-    } else {
-        result |= -1;
-    }
-
-    result |= android::vold::ext4::Mount(loopDevice, mountPoint,
-            true /* read-only */,
-            true /* remount */,
-            true /* execute */);
-
-    if (result) {
-        SLOGE("ASEC fix permissions failed (%s)", strerror(errno));
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (mDebug) {
-        SLOGD("ASEC %s permissions fixed", id);
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int VolumeManager::renameAsec(const char *id1, const char *id2) {
-    char asecFilename1[255];
-    char *asecFilename2;
-    char mountPoint[255];
-
-    const char *dir;
-
-    if (!isLegalAsecId(id1)) {
-        SLOGE("renameAsec: Invalid asec id1 \"%s\"", id1);
-        errno = EINVAL;
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (!isLegalAsecId(id2)) {
-        SLOGE("renameAsec: Invalid asec id2 \"%s\"", id2);
-        errno = EINVAL;
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (findAsec(id1, asecFilename1, sizeof(asecFilename1), &dir)) {
-        SLOGE("Couldn't find ASEC %s", id1);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    asprintf(&asecFilename2, "%s/%s.asec", dir, id2);
-
-    int written = snprintf(mountPoint, sizeof(mountPoint), "%s/%s", VolumeManager::ASECDIR, id1);
-    if ((written < 0) || (size_t(written) >= sizeof(mountPoint))) {
-        SLOGE("Rename failed: couldn't construct mountpoint");
-        goto out_err;
-    }
-
-    if (isMountpointMounted(mountPoint)) {
-        SLOGW("Rename attempt when src mounted");
-        errno = EBUSY;
-        goto out_err;
-    }
-
-    written = snprintf(mountPoint, sizeof(mountPoint), "%s/%s", VolumeManager::ASECDIR, id2);
-    if ((written < 0) || (size_t(written) >= sizeof(mountPoint))) {
-        SLOGE("Rename failed: couldn't construct mountpoint2");
-        goto out_err;
-    }
-
-    if (isMountpointMounted(mountPoint)) {
-        SLOGW("Rename attempt when dst mounted");
-        errno = EBUSY;
-        goto out_err;
-    }
-
-    if (!access(asecFilename2, F_OK)) {
-        SLOGE("Rename attempt when dst exists");
-        errno = EADDRINUSE;
-        goto out_err;
-    }
-
-    if (rename(asecFilename1, asecFilename2)) {
-        SLOGE("Rename of '%s' to '%s' failed (%s)", asecFilename1, asecFilename2, strerror(errno));
-        goto out_err;
-    }
-
-    free(asecFilename2);
-    return 0;
-
-out_err:
-    free(asecFilename2);
-    return -1;
-}
-
-#define UNMOUNT_RETRIES 5
-#define UNMOUNT_SLEEP_BETWEEN_RETRY_MS (1000 * 1000)
-int VolumeManager::unmountAsec(const char *id, bool force) {
-    char asecFileName[255];
-    char mountPoint[255];
-
-    if (!isLegalAsecId(id)) {
-        SLOGE("unmountAsec: Invalid asec id \"%s\"", id);
-        errno = EINVAL;
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (findAsec(id, asecFileName, sizeof(asecFileName))) {
-        SLOGE("Couldn't find ASEC %s", id);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    int written = snprintf(mountPoint, sizeof(mountPoint), "%s/%s", VolumeManager::ASECDIR, id);
-    if ((written < 0) || (size_t(written) >= sizeof(mountPoint))) {
-        SLOGE("ASEC unmount failed for %s: couldn't construct mountpoint", id);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    char idHash[33];
-    if (!asecHash(id, idHash, sizeof(idHash))) {
-        SLOGE("Hash of '%s' failed (%s)", id, strerror(errno));
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    return unmountLoopImage(id, idHash, asecFileName, mountPoint, force);
-}
-
-int VolumeManager::unmountObb(const char *fileName, bool force) {
-    char mountPoint[255];
-
-    char idHash[33];
-    if (!asecHash(fileName, idHash, sizeof(idHash))) {
-        SLOGE("Hash of '%s' failed (%s)", fileName, strerror(errno));
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    int written = snprintf(mountPoint, sizeof(mountPoint), "%s/%s", VolumeManager::LOOPDIR, idHash);
-    if ((written < 0) || (size_t(written) >= sizeof(mountPoint))) {
-        SLOGE("OBB unmount failed for %s: couldn't construct mountpoint", fileName);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    return unmountLoopImage(fileName, idHash, fileName, mountPoint, force);
-}
-
-int VolumeManager::unmountLoopImage(const char *id, const char *idHash,
-        const char *fileName, const char *mountPoint, bool force) {
-    if (!isMountpointMounted(mountPoint)) {
-        SLOGE("Unmount request for %s when not mounted", id);
-        errno = ENOENT;
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    int i, rc;
-    for (i = 1; i <= UNMOUNT_RETRIES; i++) {
-        rc = umount(mountPoint);
-        if (!rc) {
-            break;
-        }
-        if (rc && (errno == EINVAL || errno == ENOENT)) {
-            SLOGI("Container %s unmounted OK", id);
-            rc = 0;
-            break;
-        }
-        SLOGW("%s unmount attempt %d failed (%s)",
-              id, i, strerror(errno));
-
-        int signal = 0; // default is to just complain
-
-        if (force) {
-            if (i > (UNMOUNT_RETRIES - 2))
-                signal = SIGKILL;
-            else if (i > (UNMOUNT_RETRIES - 3))
-                signal = SIGTERM;
-        }
-
-        Process::killProcessesWithOpenFiles(mountPoint, signal);
-        usleep(UNMOUNT_SLEEP_BETWEEN_RETRY_MS);
-    }
-
-    if (rc) {
-        errno = EBUSY;
-        SLOGE("Failed to unmount container %s (%s)", id, strerror(errno));
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    int retries = 10;
-
-    while(retries--) {
-        if (!rmdir(mountPoint)) {
-            break;
-        }
-
-        SLOGW("Failed to rmdir %s (%s)", mountPoint, strerror(errno));
-        usleep(UNMOUNT_SLEEP_BETWEEN_RETRY_MS);
-    }
-
-    if (!retries) {
-        SLOGE("Timed out trying to rmdir %s (%s)", mountPoint, strerror(errno));
-    }
-
-    for (i=1; i <= UNMOUNT_RETRIES; i++) {
-        if (Devmapper::destroy(idHash) && errno != ENXIO) {
-            SLOGE("Failed to destroy devmapper instance (%s)", strerror(errno));
-            usleep(UNMOUNT_SLEEP_BETWEEN_RETRY_MS);
-            continue;
-        } else {
-          break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    char loopDevice[255];
-    if (!Loop::lookupActive(idHash, loopDevice, sizeof(loopDevice))) {
-        Loop::destroyByDevice(loopDevice);
-    } else {
-        SLOGW("Failed to find loop device for {%s} (%s)", fileName, strerror(errno));
-    }
-
-    AsecIdCollection::iterator it;
-    for (it = mActiveContainers->begin(); it != mActiveContainers->end(); ++it) {
-        ContainerData* cd = *it;
-        if (!strcmp(cd->id, id)) {
-            free(*it);
-            mActiveContainers->erase(it);
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-    if (it == mActiveContainers->end()) {
-        SLOGW("mActiveContainers is inconsistent!");
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int VolumeManager::destroyAsec(const char *id, bool force) {
-    char asecFileName[255];
-    char mountPoint[255];
-
-    if (!isLegalAsecId(id)) {
-        SLOGE("destroyAsec: Invalid asec id \"%s\"", id);
-        errno = EINVAL;
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (findAsec(id, asecFileName, sizeof(asecFileName))) {
-        SLOGE("Couldn't find ASEC %s", id);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    int written = snprintf(mountPoint, sizeof(mountPoint), "%s/%s", VolumeManager::ASECDIR, id);
-    if ((written < 0) || (size_t(written) >= sizeof(mountPoint))) {
-        SLOGE("ASEC destroy failed for %s: couldn't construct mountpoint", id);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (isMountpointMounted(mountPoint)) {
-        if (mDebug) {
-            SLOGD("Unmounting container before destroy");
-        }
-        if (unmountAsec(id, force)) {
-            SLOGE("Failed to unmount asec %s for destroy (%s)", id, strerror(errno));
-            return -1;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (unlink(asecFileName)) {
-        SLOGE("Failed to unlink asec '%s' (%s)", asecFileName, strerror(errno));
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (mDebug) {
-        SLOGD("ASEC %s destroyed", id);
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * Legal ASEC ids consist of alphanumeric characters, '-',
- * '_', or '.'. ".." is not allowed. The first or last character
- * of the ASEC id cannot be '.' (dot).
- */
-bool VolumeManager::isLegalAsecId(const char *id) const {
-    size_t i;
-    size_t len = strlen(id);
-
-    if (len == 0) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    if ((id[0] == '.') || (id[len - 1] == '.')) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-        if (id[i] == '.') {
-            // i=0 is guaranteed never to have a dot. See above.
-            if (id[i-1] == '.') return false;
-            continue;
-        }
-        if (id[i] == '_' || id[i] == '-') continue;
-        if (id[i] >= 'a' && id[i] <= 'z') continue;
-        if (id[i] >= 'A' && id[i] <= 'Z') continue;
-        if (id[i] >= '0' && id[i] <= '9') continue;
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool VolumeManager::isAsecInDirectory(const char *dir, const char *asecName) const {
-    int dirfd = open(dir, O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC);
-    if (dirfd < 0) {
-        SLOGE("Couldn't open internal ASEC dir (%s)", strerror(errno));
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    struct stat sb;
-    bool ret = (fstatat(dirfd, asecName, &sb, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) == 0)
-        && S_ISREG(sb.st_mode);
-
-    close(dirfd);
-
-    return ret;
-}
-
-int VolumeManager::findAsec(const char *id, char *asecPath, size_t asecPathLen,
-        const char **directory) const {
-    char *asecName;
-
-    if (!isLegalAsecId(id)) {
-        SLOGE("findAsec: Invalid asec id \"%s\"", id);
-        errno = EINVAL;
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (asprintf(&asecName, "%s.asec", id) < 0) {
-        SLOGE("Couldn't allocate string to write ASEC name");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    const char *dir;
-    if (isAsecInDirectory(VolumeManager::SEC_ASECDIR_INT, asecName)) {
-        dir = VolumeManager::SEC_ASECDIR_INT;
-    } else if (isAsecInDirectory(VolumeManager::SEC_ASECDIR_EXT, asecName)) {
-        dir = VolumeManager::SEC_ASECDIR_EXT;
-    } else {
-        free(asecName);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (directory != NULL) {
-        *directory = dir;
-    }
-
-    if (asecPath != NULL) {
-        int written = snprintf(asecPath, asecPathLen, "%s/%s", dir, asecName);
-        if ((written < 0) || (size_t(written) >= asecPathLen)) {
-            SLOGE("findAsec failed for %s: couldn't construct ASEC path", id);
-            free(asecName);
-            return -1;
-        }
-    }
-
-    free(asecName);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int VolumeManager::mountAsec(const char *id, const char *key, int ownerUid, bool readOnly) {
-    char asecFileName[255];
-    char mountPoint[255];
-
-    if (!isLegalAsecId(id)) {
-        SLOGE("mountAsec: Invalid asec id \"%s\"", id);
-        errno = EINVAL;
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (findAsec(id, asecFileName, sizeof(asecFileName))) {
-        SLOGE("Couldn't find ASEC %s", id);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    int written = snprintf(mountPoint, sizeof(mountPoint), "%s/%s", VolumeManager::ASECDIR, id);
-    if ((written < 0) || (size_t(written) >= sizeof(mountPoint))) {
-        SLOGE("ASEC mount failed for %s: couldn't construct mountpoint", id);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (isMountpointMounted(mountPoint)) {
-        SLOGE("ASEC %s already mounted", id);
-        errno = EBUSY;
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    char idHash[33];
-    if (!asecHash(id, idHash, sizeof(idHash))) {
-        SLOGE("Hash of '%s' failed (%s)", id, strerror(errno));
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    char loopDevice[255];
-    if (setupLoopDevice(loopDevice, sizeof(loopDevice), asecFileName, idHash, mDebug))
-        return -1;
-
-    char dmDevice[255];
-    bool cleanupDm = false;
-
-    unsigned long nr_sec = 0;
-    struct asec_superblock sb;
-
-    if (Loop::lookupInfo(loopDevice, &sb, &nr_sec)) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (mDebug) {
-        SLOGD("Container sb magic/ver (%.8x/%.2x)", sb.magic, sb.ver);
-    }
-    if (sb.magic != ASEC_SB_MAGIC || sb.ver != ASEC_SB_VER) {
-        SLOGE("Bad container magic/version (%.8x/%.2x)", sb.magic, sb.ver);
-        Loop::destroyByDevice(loopDevice);
-        errno = EMEDIUMTYPE;
-        return -1;
-    }
-    nr_sec--; // We don't want the devmapping to extend onto our superblock
-
-    if (setupDevMapperDevice(dmDevice, sizeof(dmDevice), loopDevice, asecFileName, key, idHash , nr_sec, &cleanupDm, mDebug)) {
-        Loop::destroyByDevice(loopDevice);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (mkdir(mountPoint, 0000)) {
-        if (errno != EEXIST) {
-            SLOGE("Mountpoint creation failed (%s)", strerror(errno));
-            if (cleanupDm) {
-                Devmapper::destroy(idHash);
-            }
-            Loop::destroyByDevice(loopDevice);
-            return -1;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /*
-     * Wait for the device mapper node to be created.
-     */
-    waitForDevMapper(dmDevice);
-
-    int result;
-    if (sb.c_opts & ASEC_SB_C_OPTS_EXT4) {
-        result = android::vold::ext4::Mount(dmDevice, mountPoint,
-                readOnly, false, readOnly);
-    } else {
-        result = android::vold::vfat::Mount(dmDevice, mountPoint,
-                readOnly, false, readOnly, ownerUid, 0, 0222, false);
-    }
-
-    if (result) {
-        SLOGE("ASEC mount failed (%s)", strerror(errno));
-        if (cleanupDm) {
-            Devmapper::destroy(idHash);
-        }
-        Loop::destroyByDevice(loopDevice);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    mActiveContainers->push_back(new ContainerData(strdup(id), ASEC));
-    if (mDebug) {
-        SLOGD("ASEC %s mounted", id);
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/**
- * Mounts an image file <code>img</code>.
- */
-int VolumeManager::mountObb(const char *img, const char *key, int ownerGid) {
-    char mountPoint[255];
-
-    char idHash[33];
-    if (!asecHash(img, idHash, sizeof(idHash))) {
-        SLOGE("Hash of '%s' failed (%s)", img, strerror(errno));
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    int written = snprintf(mountPoint, sizeof(mountPoint), "%s/%s", VolumeManager::LOOPDIR, idHash);
-    if ((written < 0) || (size_t(written) >= sizeof(mountPoint))) {
-        SLOGE("OBB mount failed for %s: couldn't construct mountpoint", img);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (isMountpointMounted(mountPoint)) {
-        SLOGE("Image %s already mounted", img);
-        errno = EBUSY;
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    char loopDevice[255];
-    if (setupLoopDevice(loopDevice, sizeof(loopDevice), img, idHash, mDebug))
-        return -1;
-
-    char dmDevice[255];
-    bool cleanupDm = false;
-    int fd;
-    unsigned long nr_sec = 0;
-
-    if ((fd = open(loopDevice, O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
-        SLOGE("Failed to open loopdevice (%s)", strerror(errno));
-        Loop::destroyByDevice(loopDevice);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    get_blkdev_size(fd, &nr_sec);
-    if (nr_sec == 0) {
-        SLOGE("Failed to get loop size (%s)", strerror(errno));
-        Loop::destroyByDevice(loopDevice);
-        close(fd);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    close(fd);
-
-    if (setupDevMapperDevice(dmDevice, sizeof(loopDevice), loopDevice, img,key, idHash, nr_sec, &cleanupDm, mDebug)) {
-        Loop::destroyByDevice(loopDevice);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (mkdir(mountPoint, 0755)) {
-        if (errno != EEXIST) {
-            SLOGE("Mountpoint creation failed (%s)", strerror(errno));
-            if (cleanupDm) {
-                Devmapper::destroy(idHash);
-            }
-            Loop::destroyByDevice(loopDevice);
-            return -1;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /*
-     * Wait for the device mapper node to be created.
-     */
-    waitForDevMapper(dmDevice);
-
-    if (android::vold::vfat::Mount(dmDevice, mountPoint,
-            true, false, true, 0, ownerGid, 0227, false)) {
-        SLOGE("Image mount failed (%s)", strerror(errno));
-        if (cleanupDm) {
-            Devmapper::destroy(idHash);
-        }
-        Loop::destroyByDevice(loopDevice);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    mActiveContainers->push_back(new ContainerData(strdup(img), OBB));
-    if (mDebug) {
-        SLOGD("Image %s mounted", img);
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int VolumeManager::listMountedObbs(SocketClient* cli) {
-    FILE *fp = setmntent("/proc/mounts", "r");
-    if (fp == NULL) {
-        SLOGE("Error opening /proc/mounts (%s)", strerror(errno));
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    // Create a string to compare against that has a trailing slash
-    int loopDirLen = strlen(VolumeManager::LOOPDIR);
-    char loopDir[loopDirLen + 2];
-    strlcpy(loopDir, VolumeManager::LOOPDIR, sizeof(loopDir));
-    loopDir[loopDirLen++] = '/';
-    loopDir[loopDirLen] = '\0';
-
-    mntent* mentry;
-    while ((mentry = getmntent(fp)) != NULL) {
-        if (!strncmp(mentry->mnt_dir, loopDir, loopDirLen)) {
-            int fd = open(mentry->mnt_fsname, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
-            if (fd >= 0) {
-                struct loop_info64 li;
-                if (ioctl(fd, LOOP_GET_STATUS64, &li) >= 0) {
-                    cli->sendMsg(ResponseCode::AsecListResult,
-                            (const char*) li.lo_file_name, false);
-                }
-                close(fd);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    endmntent(fp);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-extern "C" int vold_unmountAll(void) {
-    VolumeManager *vm = VolumeManager::Instance();
-    return vm->unmountAll();
-}
-
-bool VolumeManager::isMountpointMounted(const char *mp)
-{
-    FILE *fp = setmntent("/proc/mounts", "r");
-    if (fp == NULL) {
-        SLOGE("Error opening /proc/mounts (%s)", strerror(errno));
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    bool found_mp = false;
-    mntent* mentry;
-    while ((mentry = getmntent(fp)) != NULL) {
-        if (strcmp(mentry->mnt_dir, mp) == 0) {
-            found_mp = true;
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-    endmntent(fp);
-    return found_mp;
-}
-
-int VolumeManager::mkdirs(char* path) {
+int VolumeManager::mkdirs(const std::string& path) {
     // Only offer to create directories for paths managed by vold
-    if (strncmp(path, "/storage/", 9) == 0) {
+    if (android::base::StartsWith(path, "/storage/")) {
         // fs_mkdirs() does symlink checking and relative path enforcement
-        return fs_mkdirs(path, 0700);
+        return fs_mkdirs(path.c_str(), 0700);
     } else {
-        SLOGE("Failed to find mounted volume for %s", path);
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to find mounted volume for " << path;
         return -EINVAL;
     }
 }
+
+static size_t kAppFuseMaxMountPointName = 32;
+
+static android::status_t getMountPath(uid_t uid, const std::string& name, std::string* path) {
+    if (name.size() > kAppFuseMaxMountPointName) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "AppFuse mount name is too long.";
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < name.size(); i++) {
+        if (!isalnum(name[i])) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "AppFuse mount name contains invalid character.";
+            return -EINVAL;
+        }
+    }
+    *path = android::base::StringPrintf("/mnt/appfuse/%d_%s", uid, name.c_str());
+    return android::OK;
+}
+
+static android::status_t mountInNamespace(uid_t uid, int device_fd, const std::string& path) {
+    // Remove existing mount.
+    android::vold::ForceUnmount(path);
+
+    const auto opts = android::base::StringPrintf(
+            "fd=%i,"
+            "rootmode=40000,"
+            "default_permissions,"
+            "allow_other,"
+            "user_id=%d,group_id=%d,"
+            "context=\"u:object_r:app_fuse_file:s0\","
+            "fscontext=u:object_r:app_fusefs:s0",
+            device_fd,
+            uid,
+            uid);
+
+    const int result = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(mount(
+            "/dev/fuse", path.c_str(), "fuse",
+            MS_NOSUID | MS_NODEV | MS_NOEXEC | MS_NOATIME, opts.c_str()));
+    if (result != 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to mount " << path;
+        return -errno;
+    }
+
+    return android::OK;
+}
+
+static android::status_t runCommandInNamespace(const std::string& command,
+                                               uid_t uid,
+                                               pid_t pid,
+                                               const std::string& path,
+                                               int device_fd) {
+    if (DEBUG_APPFUSE) {
+        LOG(DEBUG) << "Run app fuse command " << command << " for the path " << path
+                   << " in namespace " << uid;
+    }
+
+    unique_fd dir(open("/proc", O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC));
+    if (dir.get() == -1) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open /proc";
+        return -errno;
+    }
+
+    // Obtains process file descriptor.
+    const std::string pid_str = android::base::StringPrintf("%d", pid);
+    const unique_fd pid_fd(
+            openat(dir.get(), pid_str.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC));
+    if (pid_fd.get() == -1) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open /proc/" << pid;
+        return -errno;
+    }
+
+    // Check UID of process.
+    {
+        struct stat sb;
+        const int result = fstat(pid_fd.get(), &sb);
+        if (result == -1) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to stat /proc/" << pid;
+            return -errno;
+        }
+        if (sb.st_uid != AID_SYSTEM) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Only system can mount appfuse. UID expected=" << AID_SYSTEM
+                    << ", actual=" << sb.st_uid;
+            return -EPERM;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Matches so far, but refuse to touch if in root namespace
+    {
+        std::string rootName;
+        std::string pidName;
+        if (!android::vold::Readlinkat(dir.get(), "1/ns/mnt", &rootName)
+                || !android::vold::Readlinkat(pid_fd.get(), "ns/mnt", &pidName)) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read namespaces";
+            return -EPERM;
+        }
+        if (rootName == pidName) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Don't mount appfuse in root namespace";
+            return -EPERM;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // We purposefully leave the namespace open across the fork
+    unique_fd ns_fd(openat(pid_fd.get(), "ns/mnt", O_RDONLY)); // not O_CLOEXEC
+    if (ns_fd.get() < 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open namespace for /proc/" << pid << "/ns/mnt";
+        return -errno;
+    }
+
+    int child = fork();
+    if (child == 0) {
+        if (setns(ns_fd.get(), CLONE_NEWNS) != 0) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to setns";
+            _exit(-errno);
+        }
+
+        if (command == "mount") {
+            _exit(mountInNamespace(uid, device_fd, path));
+        } else if (command == "unmount") {
+            // If it's just after all FD opened on mount point are closed, umount2 can fail with
+            // EBUSY. To avoid the case, specify MNT_DETACH.
+            if (umount2(path.c_str(), UMOUNT_NOFOLLOW | MNT_DETACH) != 0 &&
+                    errno != EINVAL && errno != ENOENT) {
+                PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to unmount directory.";
+                _exit(-errno);
+            }
+            if (rmdir(path.c_str()) != 0) {
+                PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to remove the mount directory.";
+                _exit(-errno);
+            }
+            _exit(android::OK);
+        } else {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Unknown appfuse command " << command;
+            _exit(-EPERM);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (child == -1) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to folk child process";
+        return -errno;
+    }
+
+    android::status_t status;
+    TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(waitpid(child, &status, 0));
+
+    return status;
+}
+
+int VolumeManager::createObb(const std::string& sourcePath, const std::string& sourceKey,
+        int32_t ownerGid, std::string* outVolId) {
+    int id = mNextObbId++;
+
+    auto vol = std::shared_ptr<android::vold::VolumeBase>(
+            new android::vold::ObbVolume(id, sourcePath, sourceKey, ownerGid));
+    vol->create();
+
+    mObbVolumes.push_back(vol);
+    *outVolId = vol->getId();
+    return android::OK;
+}
+
+int VolumeManager::destroyObb(const std::string& volId) {
+    auto i = mObbVolumes.begin();
+    while (i != mObbVolumes.end()) {
+        if ((*i)->getId() == volId) {
+            (*i)->destroy();
+            i = mObbVolumes.erase(i);
+        } else {
+            ++i;
+        }
+    }
+    return android::OK;
+}
+
+int VolumeManager::mountAppFuse(uid_t uid, pid_t pid, int mountId,
+        android::base::unique_fd* device_fd) {
+    std::string name = std::to_string(mountId);
+
+    // Check mount point name.
+    std::string path;
+    if (getMountPath(uid, name, &path) != android::OK) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid mount point name";
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    // Create directories.
+    const android::status_t result = android::vold::PrepareDir(path, 0700, 0, 0);
+    if (result != android::OK) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to prepare directory " << path;
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    // Open device FD.
+    device_fd->reset(open("/dev/fuse", O_RDWR)); // not O_CLOEXEC
+    if (device_fd->get() == -1) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open /dev/fuse";
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    // Mount.
+    return runCommandInNamespace("mount", uid, pid, path, device_fd->get());
+}
+
+int VolumeManager::unmountAppFuse(uid_t uid, pid_t pid, int mountId) {
+    std::string name = std::to_string(mountId);
+
+    // Check mount point name.
+    std::string path;
+    if (getMountPath(uid, name, &path) != android::OK) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid mount point name";
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    return runCommandInNamespace("unmount", uid, pid, path, -1 /* device_fd */);
+}
diff --git a/VolumeManager.h b/VolumeManager.h
index 537aebe..5baa7ce 100644
--- a/VolumeManager.h
+++ b/VolumeManager.h
@@ -21,76 +21,40 @@
 #include <fnmatch.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-
 #include <list>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <string>
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <unordered_set>
 
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <cutils/multiuser.h>
 #include <utils/List.h>
 #include <utils/Timers.h>
-#include <sysutils/SocketListener.h>
 #include <sysutils/NetlinkEvent.h>
 
-#include "Disk.h"
-#include "VolumeBase.h"
+#include "android/os/IVoldListener.h"
 
-/* The length of an MD5 hash when encoded into ASCII hex characters */
-#define MD5_ASCII_LENGTH_PLUS_NULL ((MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH*2)+1)
+#include "model/Disk.h"
+#include "model/VolumeBase.h"
 
-typedef enum { ASEC, OBB } container_type_t;
-
-class ContainerData {
-public:
-    ContainerData(char* _id, container_type_t _type)
-            : id(_id)
-            , type(_type)
-    {}
-
-    ~ContainerData() {
-        if (id != NULL) {
-            free(id);
-            id = NULL;
-        }
-    }
-
-    char *id;
-    container_type_t type;
-};
-
-typedef android::List<ContainerData*> AsecIdCollection;
+#define DEBUG_APPFUSE 0
 
 class VolumeManager {
-public:
-    static const char *SEC_ASECDIR_EXT;
-    static const char *SEC_ASECDIR_INT;
-    static const char *ASECDIR;
-    static const char *LOOPDIR;
-
-    //TODO remove this with better solution, b/64143519
-    static bool shutting_down;
-
 private:
     static VolumeManager *sInstance;
 
-    SocketListener        *mBroadcaster;
-
-    AsecIdCollection      *mActiveContainers;
     bool                   mDebug;
 
-    // for adjusting /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio when UMS is active
-    int                    mUmsSharingCount;
-    int                    mSavedDirtyRatio;
-    int                    mUmsDirtyRatio;
-
 public:
     virtual ~VolumeManager();
 
     // TODO: pipe all requests through VM to avoid exposing this lock
     std::mutex& getLock() { return mLock; }
+    std::mutex& getCryptLock() { return mCryptLock; }
+
+    void setListener(android::sp<android::os::IVoldListener> listener) { mListener = listener; }
+    android::sp<android::os::IVoldListener> getListener() { return mListener; }
 
     int start();
     int stop();
@@ -123,9 +87,7 @@
 
     void listVolumes(android::vold::VolumeBase::Type type, std::list<std::string>& list);
 
-    nsecs_t benchmarkPrivate(const std::string& id);
-
-    int forgetPartition(const std::string& partGuid);
+    int forgetPartition(const std::string& partGuid, const std::string& fsUuid);
 
     int onUserAdded(userid_t userId, int userSerialNumber);
     int onUserRemoved(userid_t userId);
@@ -143,52 +105,11 @@
     /* Unmount all volumes, usually for encryption */
     int unmountAll();
 
-    /* ASEC */
-    int findAsec(const char *id, char *asecPath = NULL, size_t asecPathLen = 0,
-            const char **directory = NULL) const;
-    int createAsec(const char *id, unsigned long numSectors, const char *fstype,
-                   const char *key, const int ownerUid, bool isExternal);
-    int resizeAsec(const char *id, unsigned long numSectors, const char *key);
-    int finalizeAsec(const char *id);
-
-    /**
-     * Fixes ASEC permissions on a filesystem that has owners and permissions.
-     * This currently means EXT4-based ASEC containers.
-     *
-     * There is a single file that can be marked as "private" and will not have
-     * world-readable permission. The group for that file will be set to the gid
-     * supplied.
-     *
-     * Returns 0 on success.
-     */
-    int fixupAsecPermissions(const char *id, gid_t gid, const char* privateFilename);
-    int destroyAsec(const char *id, bool force);
-    int mountAsec(const char *id, const char *key, int ownerUid, bool readOnly);
-    int unmountAsec(const char *id, bool force);
-    int renameAsec(const char *id1, const char *id2);
-    int getAsecMountPath(const char *id, char *buffer, int maxlen);
-    int getAsecFilesystemPath(const char *id, char *buffer, int maxlen);
-
-    /* Loopback images */
-    int listMountedObbs(SocketClient* cli);
-    int mountObb(const char *fileName, const char *key, int ownerUid);
-    int unmountObb(const char *fileName, bool force);
-    int getObbMountPath(const char *id, char *buffer, int maxlen);
-
-    /* Shared between ASEC and Loopback images */
-    int unmountLoopImage(const char *containerId, const char *loopId,
-            const char *fileName, const char *mountPoint, bool force);
-
     int updateVirtualDisk();
     int setDebug(bool enable);
 
-    void setBroadcaster(SocketListener *sl) { mBroadcaster = sl; }
-    SocketListener *getBroadcaster() { return mBroadcaster; }
-
     static VolumeManager *Instance();
 
-    static char *asecHash(const char *id, char *buffer, size_t len);
-
     /*
      * Ensure that all directories along given path exist, creating parent
      * directories as needed.  Validates that given path is absolute and that
@@ -196,21 +117,29 @@
      * is treated as filename and ignored, unless the path ends with "/".  Also
      * ensures that path belongs to a volume managed by vold.
      */
-    int mkdirs(char* path);
+    int mkdirs(const std::string& path);
+
+    int createObb(const std::string& path, const std::string& key, int32_t ownerGid,
+            std::string* outVolId);
+    int destroyObb(const std::string& volId);
+
+    int mountAppFuse(uid_t uid, pid_t pid, int mountId, android::base::unique_fd* device_fd);
+    int unmountAppFuse(uid_t uid, pid_t pid, int mountId);
 
 private:
     VolumeManager();
     void readInitialState();
-    bool isMountpointMounted(const char *mp);
-    bool isAsecInDirectory(const char *dir, const char *asec) const;
-    bool isLegalAsecId(const char *id) const;
 
     int linkPrimary(userid_t userId);
 
     std::mutex mLock;
+    std::mutex mCryptLock;
+
+    android::sp<android::os::IVoldListener> mListener;
 
     std::list<std::shared_ptr<DiskSource>> mDiskSources;
     std::list<std::shared_ptr<android::vold::Disk>> mDisks;
+    std::list<std::shared_ptr<android::vold::VolumeBase>> mObbVolumes;
 
     std::unordered_map<userid_t, int> mAddedUsers;
     std::unordered_set<userid_t> mStartedUsers;
@@ -219,14 +148,8 @@
     std::shared_ptr<android::vold::Disk> mVirtualDisk;
     std::shared_ptr<android::vold::VolumeBase> mInternalEmulated;
     std::shared_ptr<android::vold::VolumeBase> mPrimary;
-};
 
-extern "C" {
-#endif /* __cplusplus */
-#define UNMOUNT_NOT_MOUNTED_ERR (-2)
-    int vold_unmountAll(void);
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-}
-#endif
+    int mNextObbId;
+};
 
 #endif
diff --git a/bench/benchgen.py b/bench/benchgen.py
index c852169..f119804 100644
--- a/bench/benchgen.py
+++ b/bench/benchgen.py
@@ -157,6 +157,7 @@
 #include <fcntl.h>
 
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <functional>
 #include <string>
 
 #include <Utils.h>
@@ -164,7 +165,8 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace vold {
 
-static status_t BenchmarkRun() {
+static status_t BenchmarkRun(std::function<bool(int)> checkpoint) {
+
 """
 
     print >>bench, "char* buf = (char*) malloc(%d);" % (bufsize)
@@ -175,13 +177,19 @@
     events = sorted(events, key=lambda e: e.time)
     active = set()
     defined = set()
+    i = 0
+    total = len(events)
     for e in events:
+        i += 1
+        if i % 256 == 0:
+            print >>bench, "if (!checkpoint(%d)) return -1;" % (50 + ((i * 50) / total))
+
         if e.call == "openat":
             fd, f, handle = extract_file(e, e.ret)
             if f:
                 active.add(handle)
                 if handle not in defined:
-                    print >>bench, "int ",
+                    print >>bench, "int",
                     defined.add(handle)
                 create_mode = ''
                 if 'O_CREAT' in e.args[2]:
@@ -297,11 +305,17 @@
     return OK;
 }
 
-static status_t BenchmarkCreate() {
+static status_t BenchmarkCreate(std::function<bool(int)> checkpoint) {
 status_t res = 0;
 res |= CreateFile("stub", 0);
 """
+    i = 0
+    total = len(files.values())
     for f in files.values():
+        i += 1
+        if i % 12 == 0:
+            print >>bench, "if (!checkpoint(%d)) return -1;" % ((i * 50) / total)
+
         print >>bench, 'res |= CreateFile("file%s", %d);' % (f.ident, f.size)
 
     print >>bench, """
diff --git a/binder/android/os/IVold.aidl b/binder/android/os/IVold.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3f5029
--- /dev/null
+++ b/binder/android/os/IVold.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.os;
+
+import android.os.IVoldListener;
+import android.os.IVoldTaskListener;
+
+/** {@hide} */
+interface IVold {
+    void setListener(IVoldListener listener);
+
+    void monitor();
+    void reset();
+    void shutdown();
+    void mountAll();
+
+    void onUserAdded(int userId, int userSerial);
+    void onUserRemoved(int userId);
+    void onUserStarted(int userId);
+    void onUserStopped(int userId);
+
+    void partition(@utf8InCpp String diskId, int partitionType, int ratio);
+    void forgetPartition(@utf8InCpp String partGuid, @utf8InCpp String fsUuid);
+
+    void mount(@utf8InCpp String volId, int mountFlags, int mountUserId);
+    void unmount(@utf8InCpp String volId);
+    void format(@utf8InCpp String volId, @utf8InCpp String fsType);
+    void benchmark(@utf8InCpp String volId, IVoldTaskListener listener);
+    void checkEncryption(@utf8InCpp String volId);
+
+    void moveStorage(@utf8InCpp String fromVolId, @utf8InCpp String toVolId,
+            IVoldTaskListener listener);
+
+    void remountUid(int uid, int remountMode);
+
+    void mkdirs(@utf8InCpp String path);
+
+    @utf8InCpp String createObb(@utf8InCpp String sourcePath,
+            @utf8InCpp String sourceKey, int ownerGid);
+    void destroyObb(@utf8InCpp String volId);
+
+    void fstrim(int fstrimFlags, IVoldTaskListener listener);
+    void runIdleMaint(IVoldTaskListener listener);
+    void abortIdleMaint(IVoldTaskListener listener);
+
+    FileDescriptor mountAppFuse(int uid, int pid, int mountId);
+    void unmountAppFuse(int uid, int pid, int mountId);
+
+    void fdeCheckPassword(@utf8InCpp String password);
+    void fdeRestart();
+    int fdeComplete();
+    void fdeEnable(int passwordType, @utf8InCpp String password, int encryptionFlags);
+    void fdeChangePassword(int passwordType, @utf8InCpp String password);
+    void fdeVerifyPassword(@utf8InCpp String password);
+    @utf8InCpp String fdeGetField(@utf8InCpp String key);
+    void fdeSetField(@utf8InCpp String key, @utf8InCpp String value);
+    int fdeGetPasswordType();
+    @utf8InCpp String fdeGetPassword();
+    void fdeClearPassword();
+
+    void fbeEnable();
+
+    void mountDefaultEncrypted();
+    void initUser0();
+    boolean isConvertibleToFbe();
+
+    void createUserKey(int userId, int userSerial, boolean ephemeral);
+    void destroyUserKey(int userId);
+
+    void addUserKeyAuth(int userId, int userSerial, @utf8InCpp String token, @utf8InCpp String secret);
+    void fixateNewestUserKeyAuth(int userId);
+
+    void unlockUserKey(int userId, int userSerial, @utf8InCpp String token, @utf8InCpp String secret);
+    void lockUserKey(int userId);
+
+    void prepareUserStorage(@nullable @utf8InCpp String uuid, int userId, int userSerial, int storageFlags);
+    void destroyUserStorage(@nullable @utf8InCpp String uuid, int userId, int storageFlags);
+
+    void secdiscard(@utf8InCpp String path);
+
+    const int ENCRYPTION_FLAG_WIPE = 1;
+    const int ENCRYPTION_FLAG_IN_PLACE = 2;
+    const int ENCRYPTION_FLAG_NO_UI = 4;
+
+    const int ENCRYPTION_STATE_NONE = 1;
+    const int ENCRYPTION_STATE_OK = 0;
+    const int ENCRYPTION_STATE_ERROR_UNKNOWN = -1;
+    const int ENCRYPTION_STATE_ERROR_INCOMPLETE = -2;
+    const int ENCRYPTION_STATE_ERROR_INCONSISTENT = -3;
+    const int ENCRYPTION_STATE_ERROR_CORRUPT = -4;
+
+    const int FSTRIM_FLAG_DEEP_TRIM = 1;
+
+    const int MOUNT_FLAG_PRIMARY = 1;
+    const int MOUNT_FLAG_VISIBLE = 2;
+
+    const int PARTITION_TYPE_PUBLIC = 0;
+    const int PARTITION_TYPE_PRIVATE = 1;
+    const int PARTITION_TYPE_MIXED = 2;
+
+    const int PASSWORD_TYPE_PASSWORD = 0;
+    const int PASSWORD_TYPE_DEFAULT = 1;
+    const int PASSWORD_TYPE_PIN = 2;
+    const int PASSWORD_TYPE_PATTERN = 3;
+
+    const int STORAGE_FLAG_DE = 1;
+    const int STORAGE_FLAG_CE = 2;
+
+    const int REMOUNT_MODE_NONE = 0;
+    const int REMOUNT_MODE_DEFAULT = 1;
+    const int REMOUNT_MODE_READ = 2;
+    const int REMOUNT_MODE_WRITE = 3;
+
+    const int VOLUME_STATE_UNMOUNTED = 0;
+    const int VOLUME_STATE_CHECKING = 1;
+    const int VOLUME_STATE_MOUNTED = 2;
+    const int VOLUME_STATE_MOUNTED_READ_ONLY = 3;
+    const int VOLUME_STATE_FORMATTING = 4;
+    const int VOLUME_STATE_EJECTING = 5;
+    const int VOLUME_STATE_UNMOUNTABLE = 6;
+    const int VOLUME_STATE_REMOVED = 7;
+    const int VOLUME_STATE_BAD_REMOVAL = 8;
+
+    const int VOLUME_TYPE_PUBLIC = 0;
+    const int VOLUME_TYPE_PRIVATE = 1;
+    const int VOLUME_TYPE_EMULATED = 2;
+    const int VOLUME_TYPE_ASEC = 3;
+    const int VOLUME_TYPE_OBB = 4;
+}
diff --git a/binder/android/os/IVoldListener.aidl b/binder/android/os/IVoldListener.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0dcfc04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/binder/android/os/IVoldListener.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.os;
+
+/** {@hide} */
+oneway interface IVoldListener {
+    void onDiskCreated(@utf8InCpp String diskId, int flags);
+    void onDiskScanned(@utf8InCpp String diskId);
+    void onDiskMetadataChanged(@utf8InCpp String diskId,
+            long sizeBytes, @utf8InCpp String label, @utf8InCpp String sysPath);
+    void onDiskDestroyed(@utf8InCpp String diskId);
+
+    void onVolumeCreated(@utf8InCpp String volId,
+            int type, @utf8InCpp String diskId, @utf8InCpp String partGuid);
+    void onVolumeStateChanged(@utf8InCpp String volId, int state);
+    void onVolumeMetadataChanged(@utf8InCpp String volId,
+            @utf8InCpp String fsType, @utf8InCpp String fsUuid, @utf8InCpp String fsLabel);
+    void onVolumePathChanged(@utf8InCpp String volId,
+            @utf8InCpp String path);
+    void onVolumeInternalPathChanged(@utf8InCpp String volId,
+            @utf8InCpp String internalPath);
+    void onVolumeDestroyed(@utf8InCpp String volId);
+}
diff --git a/VoldCommand.cpp b/binder/android/os/IVoldTaskListener.aidl
similarity index 65%
rename from VoldCommand.cpp
rename to binder/android/os/IVoldTaskListener.aidl
index 3c0d58d..e2bac04 100644
--- a/VoldCommand.cpp
+++ b/binder/android/os/IVoldTaskListener.aidl
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,8 +14,12 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include "VoldCommand.h"
+package android.os;
 
-VoldCommand::VoldCommand(const char *cmd) :
-              FrameworkCommand(cmd)  {
+import android.os.PersistableBundle;
+
+/** {@hide} */
+oneway interface IVoldTaskListener {
+    void onStatus(int status, in PersistableBundle extras);
+    void onFinished(int status, in PersistableBundle extras);
 }
diff --git a/cryptfs.cpp b/cryptfs.cpp
index 2606959..af7fda3 100644
--- a/cryptfs.cpp
+++ b/cryptfs.cpp
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 #include <openssl/evp.h>
 #include <openssl/sha.h>
 #include <errno.h>
-#include <ext4_utils/ext4.h>
+#include <ext4_utils/ext4_crypt.h>
 #include <ext4_utils/ext4_utils.h>
 #include <linux/kdev_t.h>
 #include <fs_mgr.h>
@@ -216,8 +216,6 @@
 static int password_expiry_time = 0;
 static const int password_max_age_seconds = 60;
 
-extern struct fstab *fstab;
-
 enum class RebootType {reboot, recovery, shutdown};
 static void cryptfs_reboot(RebootType rt)
 {
@@ -320,7 +318,7 @@
   int rc = -1;
 
   if (!cached_data) {
-    fs_mgr_get_crypt_info(fstab, key_loc, real_blkdev, sizeof(key_loc));
+    fs_mgr_get_crypt_info(fstab_default, key_loc, real_blkdev, sizeof(key_loc));
 
     if (!strcmp(key_loc, KEY_IN_FOOTER)) {
       if ( (fd = open(real_blkdev, O_RDWR|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
@@ -1304,10 +1302,10 @@
         if (kill) {
             if (i == (WAIT_UNMOUNT_COUNT - 3)) {
                 SLOGW("sending SIGHUP to processes with open files\n");
-                vold_killProcessesWithOpenFiles(mountpoint, SIGTERM);
+                android::vold::KillProcessesWithOpenFiles(mountpoint, SIGTERM);
             } else if (i == (WAIT_UNMOUNT_COUNT - 2)) {
                 SLOGW("sending SIGKILL to processes with open files\n");
-                vold_killProcessesWithOpenFiles(mountpoint, SIGKILL);
+                android::vold::KillProcessesWithOpenFiles(mountpoint, SIGKILL);
             }
         }
 
@@ -1318,7 +1316,7 @@
       SLOGD("unmounting %s succeeded\n", mountpoint);
       rc = 0;
     } else {
-      vold_killProcessesWithOpenFiles(mountpoint, 0);
+      android::vold::KillProcessesWithOpenFiles(mountpoint, 0);
       SLOGE("unmounting %s failed: %s\n", mountpoint, strerror(err));
       rc = -1;
     }
@@ -1444,8 +1442,8 @@
          */
         char ro_prop[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
         property_get("ro.crypto.readonly", ro_prop, "");
-        if (strlen(ro_prop) > 0 && atoi(ro_prop)) {
-            struct fstab_rec* rec = fs_mgr_get_entry_for_mount_point(fstab, DATA_MNT_POINT);
+        if (strlen(ro_prop) > 0 && std::stoi(ro_prop)) {
+            struct fstab_rec* rec = fs_mgr_get_entry_for_mount_point(fstab_default, DATA_MNT_POINT);
             rec->flags |= MS_RDONLY;
         }
 
@@ -1461,7 +1459,7 @@
             SLOGE("Failed to setexeccon");
             return -1;
         }
-        while ((mount_rc = fs_mgr_do_mount(fstab, DATA_MNT_POINT,
+        while ((mount_rc = fs_mgr_do_mount(fstab_default, DATA_MNT_POINT,
                                            crypto_blkdev, 0))
                != 0) {
             if (mount_rc == FS_MGR_DOMNT_BUSY) {
@@ -1542,7 +1540,7 @@
   }
 
   if (get_crypt_ftr_and_key(&crypt_ftr)) {
-    fs_mgr_get_crypt_info(fstab, key_loc, 0, sizeof(key_loc));
+    fs_mgr_get_crypt_info(fstab_default, key_loc, 0, sizeof(key_loc));
 
     /*
      * Only report this error if key_loc is a file and it exists.
@@ -1610,7 +1608,7 @@
     }
   }
 
-  fs_mgr_get_crypt_info(fstab, 0, real_blkdev, sizeof(real_blkdev));
+  fs_mgr_get_crypt_info(fstab_default, 0, real_blkdev, sizeof(real_blkdev));
 
   // Create crypto block device - all (non fatal) code paths
   // need it
@@ -1642,7 +1640,7 @@
     snprintf(tmp_mount_point, sizeof(tmp_mount_point), "%s/tmp_mnt",
              mount_point);
     mkdir(tmp_mount_point, 0755);
-    if (fs_mgr_do_mount(fstab, DATA_MNT_POINT, crypto_blkdev, tmp_mount_point)) {
+    if (fs_mgr_do_mount(fstab_default, DATA_MNT_POINT, crypto_blkdev, tmp_mount_point)) {
       SLOGE("Error temp mounting decrypted block device\n");
       delete_crypto_blk_dev(label);
 
@@ -1838,7 +1836,7 @@
     return rc;
 }
 
-int cryptfs_verify_passwd(char *passwd)
+int cryptfs_verify_passwd(const char *passwd)
 {
     struct crypt_mnt_ftr crypt_ftr;
     /* Allocate enough space for a 256 bit key, but we may use less */
@@ -1937,7 +1935,6 @@
     int rc = -1;
 
     if (type == EXT4_FS) {
-#ifdef TARGET_USES_MKE2FS
         args[0] = "/system/bin/mke2fs";
         args[1] = "-M";
         args[2] = "/data";
@@ -1949,16 +1946,6 @@
         snprintf(size_str, sizeof(size_str), "%" PRId64, size / (4096 / 512));
         args[8] = size_str;
         num_args = 9;
-#else
-        args[0] = "/system/bin/make_ext4fs";
-        args[1] = "-a";
-        args[2] = "/data";
-        args[3] = "-l";
-        snprintf(size_str, sizeof(size_str), "%" PRId64, size * 512);
-        args[4] = size_str;
-        args[5] = crypto_blkdev;
-        num_args = 6;
-#endif
         SLOGI("Making empty filesystem with command %s %s %s %s %s %s\n",
               args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3], args[4], args[5]);
     } else if (type == F2FS_FS) {
@@ -2055,7 +2042,7 @@
     tot_encryption_size = crypt_ftr->fs_size;
 
     if (how == CRYPTO_ENABLE_WIPE) {
-        struct fstab_rec* rec = fs_mgr_get_entry_for_mount_point(fstab, DATA_MNT_POINT);
+        struct fstab_rec* rec = fs_mgr_get_entry_for_mount_point(fstab_default, DATA_MNT_POINT);
         int fs_type = get_fs_type(rec);
         if (fs_type < 0) {
             SLOGE("cryptfs_enable: unsupported fs type %s\n", rec->fs_type);
@@ -2092,7 +2079,12 @@
     return rc;
 }
 
-int cryptfs_enable_internal(char *howarg, int crypt_type, const char *passwd,
+static int vold_unmountAll(void) {
+    VolumeManager* vm = VolumeManager::Instance();
+    return vm->unmountAll();
+}
+
+int cryptfs_enable_internal(const char *howarg, int crypt_type, const char *passwd,
                             int no_ui)
 {
     int how = 0;
@@ -2155,8 +2147,8 @@
     }
 
     // TODO refactor fs_mgr_get_crypt_info to get both in one call
-    fs_mgr_get_crypt_info(fstab, key_loc, 0, sizeof(key_loc));
-    fs_mgr_get_crypt_info(fstab, 0, real_blkdev, sizeof(real_blkdev));
+    fs_mgr_get_crypt_info(fstab_default, key_loc, 0, sizeof(key_loc));
+    fs_mgr_get_crypt_info(fstab_default, 0, real_blkdev, sizeof(real_blkdev));
 
     /* Get the size of the real block device */
     fd = open(real_blkdev, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
@@ -2451,12 +2443,12 @@
     return -1;
 }
 
-int cryptfs_enable(char *howarg, int type, char *passwd, int no_ui)
+int cryptfs_enable(const char *howarg, int type, const char *passwd, int no_ui)
 {
     return cryptfs_enable_internal(howarg, type, passwd, no_ui);
 }
 
-int cryptfs_enable_default(char *howarg, int no_ui)
+int cryptfs_enable_default(const char *howarg, int no_ui)
 {
     return cryptfs_enable_internal(howarg, CRYPT_TYPE_DEFAULT,
                           DEFAULT_PASSWORD, no_ui);
@@ -2587,30 +2579,23 @@
  * Test if key is part of the multi-entry (field, index) sequence. Return non-zero if key is in the
  * sequence and its index is greater than or equal to index. Return 0 otherwise.
  */
-static int match_multi_entry(const char *key, const char *field, unsigned index) {
-    unsigned int field_len;
-    unsigned int key_index;
-    field_len = strlen(field);
+int match_multi_entry(const char *key, const char *field, unsigned index) {
+    std::string key_ = key;
+    std::string field_ = field;
 
-    if (index == 0) {
-        // The first key in a multi-entry field is just the filedname itself.
-        if (!strcmp(key, field)) {
-            return 1;
-        }
+    std::string parsed_field;
+    unsigned parsed_index;
+
+    std::string::size_type split = key_.find_last_of('_');
+    if (split == std::string::npos) {
+        parsed_field = key_;
+        parsed_index = 0;
+    } else {
+        parsed_field = key_.substr(0, split);
+        parsed_index = std::stoi(key_.substr(split + 1));
     }
-    // Match key against "%s_%d" % (field, index)
-    if (strlen(key) < field_len + 1 + 1) {
-        // Need at least a '_' and a digit.
-        return 0;
-    }
-    if (strncmp(key, field, field_len)) {
-        // If the key does not begin with field, it's not a match.
-        return 0;
-    }
-    if (1 != sscanf(&key[field_len],"_%d", &key_index)) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-    return key_index >= index;
+
+    return parsed_field == field_ && parsed_index >= index;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2911,79 +2896,6 @@
 
 int cryptfs_isConvertibleToFBE()
 {
-    struct fstab_rec* rec = fs_mgr_get_entry_for_mount_point(fstab, DATA_MNT_POINT);
+    struct fstab_rec* rec = fs_mgr_get_entry_for_mount_point(fstab_default, DATA_MNT_POINT);
     return fs_mgr_is_convertible_to_fbe(rec) ? 1 : 0;
 }
-
-int cryptfs_create_default_ftr(struct crypt_mnt_ftr* crypt_ftr, __attribute__((unused))int key_length)
-{
-    if (cryptfs_init_crypt_mnt_ftr(crypt_ftr)) {
-        SLOGE("Failed to initialize crypt_ftr");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (create_encrypted_random_key(DEFAULT_PASSWORD, crypt_ftr->master_key,
-                                    crypt_ftr->salt, crypt_ftr)) {
-        SLOGE("Cannot create encrypted master key\n");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    //crypt_ftr->keysize = key_length / 8;
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int cryptfs_get_master_key(struct crypt_mnt_ftr* ftr, const char* password,
-                           unsigned char* master_key)
-{
-    int rc;
-
-    unsigned char* intermediate_key = 0;
-    size_t intermediate_key_size = 0;
-
-    if (password == 0 || *password == 0) {
-        password = DEFAULT_PASSWORD;
-    }
-
-    rc = decrypt_master_key(password, master_key, ftr, &intermediate_key,
-                            &intermediate_key_size);
-
-    if (rc) {
-        SLOGE("Can't calculate intermediate key");
-        return rc;
-    }
-
-    int N = 1 << ftr->N_factor;
-    int r = 1 << ftr->r_factor;
-    int p = 1 << ftr->p_factor;
-
-    unsigned char scrypted_intermediate_key[sizeof(ftr->scrypted_intermediate_key)];
-
-    rc = crypto_scrypt(intermediate_key, intermediate_key_size,
-                       ftr->salt, sizeof(ftr->salt), N, r, p,
-                       scrypted_intermediate_key,
-                       sizeof(scrypted_intermediate_key));
-
-    free(intermediate_key);
-
-    if (rc) {
-        SLOGE("Can't scrypt intermediate key");
-        return rc;
-    }
-
-    return memcmp(scrypted_intermediate_key, ftr->scrypted_intermediate_key,
-                  intermediate_key_size);
-}
-
-int cryptfs_set_password(struct crypt_mnt_ftr* ftr, const char* password,
-                         const unsigned char* master_key)
-{
-    return encrypt_master_key(password, ftr->salt, master_key, ftr->master_key,
-                              ftr);
-}
-
-void cryptfs_get_file_encryption_modes(const char **contents_mode_ret,
-                                       const char **filenames_mode_ret)
-{
-    struct fstab_rec* rec = fs_mgr_get_entry_for_mount_point(fstab, DATA_MNT_POINT);
-    fs_mgr_get_file_encryption_modes(rec, contents_mode_ret, filenames_mode_ret);
-}
diff --git a/cryptfs.h b/cryptfs.h
index d20d96d..767270f 100644
--- a/cryptfs.h
+++ b/cryptfs.h
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#ifndef ANDROID_VOLD_CRYPTFS_H
+#define ANDROID_VOLD_CRYPTFS_H
+
 /* This structure starts 16,384 bytes before the end of a hardware
  * partition that is encrypted, or in a separate partition.  It's location
  * is specified by a property set in init.<device>.rc.
@@ -218,42 +221,28 @@
 #define PERSIST_DEL_KEY_ERROR_OTHER       (-1)
 #define PERSIST_DEL_KEY_ERROR_NO_FIELD    (-2)
 
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-extern "C" {
-#endif
+int match_multi_entry(const char* key, const char* field, unsigned index);
+int wait_and_unmount(const char* mountpoint, bool kill);
 
-  int wait_and_unmount(const char *mountpoint, bool kill);
+typedef int (*kdf_func)(const char* passwd, const unsigned char* salt, unsigned char* ikey,
+                        void* params);
 
-  typedef int (*kdf_func)(const char *passwd, const unsigned char *salt,
-                          unsigned char *ikey, void *params);
+int cryptfs_crypto_complete(void);
+int cryptfs_check_passwd(const char* pw);
+int cryptfs_verify_passwd(const char* pw);
+int cryptfs_restart(void);
+int cryptfs_enable(const char* flag, int type, const char* passwd, int no_ui);
+int cryptfs_changepw(int type, const char* newpw);
+int cryptfs_enable_default(const char* flag, int no_ui);
+int cryptfs_setup_ext_volume(const char* label, const char* real_blkdev, const unsigned char* key,
+                             int keysize, char* out_crypto_blkdev);
+int cryptfs_revert_ext_volume(const char* label);
+int cryptfs_getfield(const char* fieldname, char* value, int len);
+int cryptfs_setfield(const char* fieldname, const char* value);
+int cryptfs_mount_default_encrypted(void);
+int cryptfs_get_password_type(void);
+const char* cryptfs_get_password(void);
+void cryptfs_clear_password(void);
+int cryptfs_isConvertibleToFBE(void);
 
-  int cryptfs_crypto_complete(void);
-  int cryptfs_check_passwd(const char *pw);
-  int cryptfs_verify_passwd(char *newpw);
-  int cryptfs_restart(void);
-  int cryptfs_enable(char *flag, int type, char *passwd, int no_ui);
-  int cryptfs_changepw(int type, const char *newpw);
-  int cryptfs_enable_default(char *flag, int no_ui);
-  int cryptfs_setup_ext_volume(const char* label, const char* real_blkdev,
-          const unsigned char* key, int keysize, char* out_crypto_blkdev);
-  int cryptfs_revert_ext_volume(const char* label);
-  int cryptfs_getfield(const char *fieldname, char *value, int len);
-  int cryptfs_setfield(const char *fieldname, const char *value);
-  int cryptfs_mount_default_encrypted(void);
-  int cryptfs_get_password_type(void);
-  const char* cryptfs_get_password(void);
-  void cryptfs_clear_password(void);
-  int cryptfs_isConvertibleToFBE(void);
-
-  // Functions for file encryption to use to inherit our encryption logic
-  int cryptfs_create_default_ftr(struct crypt_mnt_ftr* ftr, int key_length);
-  int cryptfs_get_master_key(struct crypt_mnt_ftr* ftr, const char* password,
-                             unsigned char* master_key);
-  int cryptfs_set_password(struct crypt_mnt_ftr* ftr, const char* password,
-                           const unsigned char* master_key);
-  void cryptfs_get_file_encryption_modes(const char **contents_mode_ret,
-                                         const char **filenames_mode_ret);
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-}
-#endif
+#endif /* ANDROID_VOLD_CRYPTFS_H */
diff --git a/fs/Ext4.cpp b/fs/Ext4.cpp
index 0cf4f9e..89b8414 100644
--- a/fs/Ext4.cpp
+++ b/fs/Ext4.cpp
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <cutils/log.h>
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
+#include <ext4_utils/ext4_crypt.h>
 #include <logwrap/logwrap.h>
 #include <selinux/selinux.h>
 
@@ -145,7 +146,7 @@
     rc = mount(c_source, c_target, "ext4", flags, NULL);
 
     if (rc && errno == EROFS) {
-        SLOGE("%s appears to be a read only filesystem - retrying mount RO", c_source);
+        LOG(ERROR) << source << " appears to be a read only filesystem - retrying mount RO";
         flags |= MS_RDONLY;
         rc = mount(c_source, c_target, "ext4", flags, NULL);
     }
diff --git a/fs/F2fs.cpp b/fs/F2fs.cpp
index 0d12b07..56369d5 100644
--- a/fs/F2fs.cpp
+++ b/fs/F2fs.cpp
@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@
 #include "Utils.h"
 
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <ext4_utils/ext4_crypt.h>
 
 #include <vector>
 #include <string>
@@ -72,8 +74,19 @@
 status_t Format(const std::string& source) {
     std::vector<std::string> cmd;
     cmd.push_back(kMkfsPath);
-    cmd.push_back(source);
 
+    cmd.push_back("-f");
+    cmd.push_back("-d1");
+
+    if (android::base::GetBoolProperty("vold.has_quota", false)) {
+        cmd.push_back("-O");
+        cmd.push_back("quota");
+    }
+    if (e4crypt_is_native()) {
+        cmd.push_back("-O");
+        cmd.push_back("encrypt");
+    }
+    cmd.push_back(source);
     return ForkExecvp(cmd);
 }
 
diff --git a/fs/Vfat.cpp b/fs/Vfat.cpp
index dc1fe33..538178e 100644
--- a/fs/Vfat.cpp
+++ b/fs/Vfat.cpp
@@ -35,12 +35,8 @@
 
 #include <linux/kdev_t.h>
 
-#define LOG_TAG "Vold"
-
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
-#include <cutils/log.h>
-#include <cutils/properties.h>
 #include <selinux/selinux.h>
 
 #include <logwrap/logwrap.h>
@@ -65,11 +61,6 @@
 }
 
 status_t Check(const std::string& source) {
-    if (access(kFsckPath, X_OK)) {
-        SLOGW("Skipping fs checks\n");
-        return 0;
-    }
-
     int pass = 1;
     int rc = 0;
     do {
@@ -83,38 +74,37 @@
         rc = ForkExecvp(cmd, sFsckUntrustedContext);
 
         if (rc < 0) {
-            SLOGE("Filesystem check failed due to logwrap error");
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Filesystem check failed due to logwrap error";
             errno = EIO;
             return -1;
         }
 
         switch(rc) {
         case 0:
-            SLOGI("Filesystem check completed OK");
+            LOG(INFO) << "Filesystem check completed OK";
             return 0;
 
         case 2:
-            SLOGE("Filesystem check failed (not a FAT filesystem)");
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Filesystem check failed (not a FAT filesystem)";
             errno = ENODATA;
             return -1;
 
         case 4:
             if (pass++ <= 3) {
-                SLOGW("Filesystem modified - rechecking (pass %d)",
-                        pass);
+                LOG(WARNING) << "Filesystem modified - rechecking (pass " << pass << ")";
                 continue;
             }
-            SLOGE("Failing check after too many rechecks");
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failing check after too many rechecks";
             errno = EIO;
             return -1;
 
         case 8:
-            SLOGE("Filesystem check failed (no filesystem)");
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Filesystem check failed (no filesystem)";
             errno = ENODATA;
             return -1;
 
         default:
-            SLOGE("Filesystem check failed (unknown exit code %d)", rc);
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Filesystem check failed (unknown exit code " << rc << ")";
             errno = EIO;
             return -1;
         }
@@ -128,7 +118,6 @@
         bool createLost) {
     int rc;
     unsigned long flags;
-    char mountData[255];
 
     const char* c_source = source.c_str();
     const char* c_target = target.c_str();
@@ -139,31 +128,29 @@
     flags |= (ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0);
     flags |= (remount ? MS_REMOUNT : 0);
 
-    snprintf(mountData, sizeof(mountData),
+    auto mountData = android::base::StringPrintf(
             "utf8,uid=%d,gid=%d,fmask=%o,dmask=%o,shortname=mixed",
             ownerUid, ownerGid, permMask, permMask);
 
-    rc = mount(c_source, c_target, "vfat", flags, mountData);
+    rc = mount(c_source, c_target, "vfat", flags, mountData.c_str());
 
     if (rc && errno == EROFS) {
-        SLOGE("%s appears to be a read only filesystem - retrying mount RO", c_source);
+        LOG(ERROR) << source << " appears to be a read only filesystem - retrying mount RO";
         flags |= MS_RDONLY;
-        rc = mount(c_source, c_target, "vfat", flags, mountData);
+        rc = mount(c_source, c_target, "vfat", flags, mountData.c_str());
     }
 
     if (rc == 0 && createLost) {
-        char *lost_path;
-        asprintf(&lost_path, "%s/LOST.DIR", c_target);
-        if (access(lost_path, F_OK)) {
+        auto lost_path = android::base::StringPrintf("%s/LOST.DIR", target.c_str());
+        if (access(lost_path.c_str(), F_OK)) {
             /*
              * Create a LOST.DIR in the root so we have somewhere to put
              * lost cluster chains (fsck_msdos doesn't currently do this)
              */
-            if (mkdir(lost_path, 0755)) {
-                SLOGE("Unable to create LOST.DIR (%s)", strerror(errno));
+            if (mkdir(lost_path.c_str(), 0755)) {
+                PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to create LOST.DIR";
             }
         }
-        free(lost_path);
     }
 
     return rc;
@@ -189,16 +176,16 @@
 
     int rc = ForkExecvp(cmd);
     if (rc < 0) {
-        SLOGE("Filesystem format failed due to logwrap error");
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Filesystem format failed due to logwrap error";
         errno = EIO;
         return -1;
     }
 
     if (rc == 0) {
-        SLOGI("Filesystem formatted OK");
+        LOG(INFO) << "Filesystem formatted OK";
         return 0;
     } else {
-        SLOGE("Format failed (unknown exit code %d)", rc);
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Format failed (unknown exit code " << rc << ")";
         errno = EIO;
         return -1;
     }
diff --git a/main.cpp b/main.cpp
index 30c839e..01a2168 100644
--- a/main.cpp
+++ b/main.cpp
@@ -14,19 +14,21 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include "Disk.h"
+#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_PACKAGE_MANAGER
+
+#include "model/Disk.h"
 #include "VolumeManager.h"
-#include "CommandListener.h"
-#include "CryptCommandListener.h"
 #include "NetlinkManager.h"
+#include "VoldNativeService.h"
+#include "VoldUtil.h"
 #include "cryptfs.h"
 #include "sehandle.h"
 
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <cutils/klog.h>
-#include <cutils/properties.h>
-#include <cutils/sockets.h>
+#include <utils/Trace.h>
 
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
@@ -43,8 +45,6 @@
 static void coldboot(const char *path);
 static void parse_args(int argc, char** argv);
 
-struct fstab *fstab;
-
 struct selabel_handle *sehandle;
 
 using android::base::StringPrintf;
@@ -53,6 +53,8 @@
     setenv("ANDROID_LOG_TAGS", "*:v", 1);
     android::base::InitLogging(argv, android::base::LogdLogger(android::base::SYSTEM));
 
+    ATRACE_BEGIN("main");
+
     LOG(INFO) << "Vold 3.0 (the awakening) firing up";
 
     LOG(VERBOSE) << "Detected support for:"
@@ -61,8 +63,6 @@
             << (android::vold::IsFilesystemSupported("vfat") ? " vfat" : "");
 
     VolumeManager *vm;
-    CommandListener *cl;
-    CryptCommandListener *ccl;
     NetlinkManager *nm;
 
     parse_args(argc, argv);
@@ -72,10 +72,6 @@
         selinux_android_set_sehandle(sehandle);
     }
 
-    // Quickly throw a CLOEXEC on the socket we just inherited from init
-    fcntl(android_get_control_socket("vold"), F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
-    fcntl(android_get_control_socket("cryptd"), F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
-
     mkdir("/dev/block/vold", 0755);
 
     /* For when cryptfs checks and mounts an encrypted filesystem */
@@ -92,15 +88,10 @@
         exit(1);
     }
 
-    if (property_get_bool("vold.debug", false)) {
+    if (android::base::GetBoolProperty("vold.debug", false)) {
         vm->setDebug(true);
     }
 
-    cl = new CommandListener();
-    ccl = new CryptCommandListener();
-    vm->setBroadcaster((SocketListener *) cl);
-    nm->setBroadcaster((SocketListener *) cl);
-
     if (vm->start()) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to start VolumeManager";
         exit(1);
@@ -113,39 +104,35 @@
         PLOG(ERROR) << "Error reading configuration... continuing anyways";
     }
 
+    ATRACE_BEGIN("VoldNativeService::start");
+    if (android::vold::VoldNativeService::start() != android::OK) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Unable to start VoldNativeService";
+        exit(1);
+    }
+    ATRACE_END();
+
+    ATRACE_BEGIN("NetlinkManager::start");
     if (nm->start()) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to start NetlinkManager";
         exit(1);
     }
-
-    /*
-     * Now that we're up, we can respond to commands
-     */
-    if (cl->startListener()) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to start CommandListener";
-        exit(1);
-    }
-
-    if (ccl->startListener()) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to start CryptCommandListener";
-        exit(1);
-    }
+    ATRACE_END();
 
     // This call should go after listeners are started to avoid
     // a deadlock between vold and init (see b/34278978 for details)
-    property_set("vold.has_adoptable", has_adoptable ? "1" : "0");
-    property_set("vold.has_quota", has_quota ? "1" : "0");
+    android::base::SetProperty("vold.has_adoptable", has_adoptable ? "1" : "0");
+    android::base::SetProperty("vold.has_quota", has_quota ? "1" : "0");
 
     // Do coldboot here so it won't block booting,
     // also the cold boot is needed in case we have flash drive
     // connected before Vold launched
     coldboot("/sys/block");
-    // Eventually we'll become the monitoring thread
-    while(1) {
-        pause();
-    }
 
-    LOG(ERROR) << "Vold exiting";
+    ATRACE_END();
+
+    android::IPCThreadState::self()->joinThreadPool();
+    LOG(INFO) << "vold shutting down";
+
     exit(0);
 }
 
@@ -209,6 +196,7 @@
 }
 
 static void coldboot(const char *path) {
+    ATRACE_NAME("coldboot");
     DIR *d = opendir(path);
     if(d) {
         do_coldboot(d, 0);
@@ -217,8 +205,10 @@
 }
 
 static int process_config(VolumeManager *vm, bool* has_adoptable, bool* has_quota) {
-    fstab = fs_mgr_read_fstab_default();
-    if (!fstab) {
+    ATRACE_NAME("process_config");
+
+    fstab_default = fs_mgr_read_fstab_default();
+    if (!fstab_default) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open default fstab";
         return -1;
     }
@@ -226,27 +216,28 @@
     /* Loop through entries looking for ones that vold manages */
     *has_adoptable = false;
     *has_quota = false;
-    for (int i = 0; i < fstab->num_entries; i++) {
-        if (fs_mgr_is_quota(&fstab->recs[i])) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < fstab_default->num_entries; i++) {
+        auto rec = &fstab_default->recs[i];
+        if (fs_mgr_is_quota(rec)) {
             *has_quota = true;
         }
 
-        if (fs_mgr_is_voldmanaged(&fstab->recs[i])) {
-            if (fs_mgr_is_nonremovable(&fstab->recs[i])) {
+        if (fs_mgr_is_voldmanaged(rec)) {
+            if (fs_mgr_is_nonremovable(rec)) {
                 LOG(WARNING) << "nonremovable no longer supported; ignoring volume";
                 continue;
             }
 
-            std::string sysPattern(fstab->recs[i].blk_device);
-            std::string nickname(fstab->recs[i].label);
+            std::string sysPattern(rec->blk_device);
+            std::string nickname(rec->label);
             int flags = 0;
 
-            if (fs_mgr_is_encryptable(&fstab->recs[i])) {
+            if (fs_mgr_is_encryptable(rec)) {
                 flags |= android::vold::Disk::Flags::kAdoptable;
                 *has_adoptable = true;
             }
-            if (fs_mgr_is_noemulatedsd(&fstab->recs[i])
-                    || property_get_bool("vold.debug.default_primary", false)) {
+            if (fs_mgr_is_noemulatedsd(rec)
+                    || android::base::GetBoolProperty("vold.debug.default_primary", false)) {
                 flags |= android::vold::Disk::Flags::kDefaultPrimary;
             }
 
diff --git a/Disk.cpp b/model/Disk.cpp
similarity index 84%
rename from Disk.cpp
rename to model/Disk.cpp
index 2f6ed5e..b42f215 100644
--- a/Disk.cpp
+++ b/model/Disk.cpp
@@ -20,14 +20,15 @@
 #include "Utils.h"
 #include "VolumeBase.h"
 #include "VolumeManager.h"
-#include "ResponseCode.h"
 #include "Ext4Crypt.h"
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
-#include <android-base/logging.h>
-#include <diskconfig/diskconfig.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
+#include <android-base/parseint.h>
+#include <ext4_utils/ext4_crypt.h>
 
 #include <vector>
 #include <fcntl.h>
@@ -152,7 +153,10 @@
 status_t Disk::create() {
     CHECK(!mCreated);
     mCreated = true;
-    notifyEvent(ResponseCode::DiskCreated, StringPrintf("%d", mFlags));
+
+    auto listener = VolumeManager::Instance()->getListener();
+    if (listener) listener->onDiskCreated(getId(), mFlags);
+
     readMetadata();
     readPartitions();
     return OK;
@@ -162,7 +166,10 @@
     CHECK(mCreated);
     destroyAllVolumes();
     mCreated = false;
-    notifyEvent(ResponseCode::DiskDestroyed);
+
+    auto listener = VolumeManager::Instance()->getListener();
+    if (listener) listener->onDiskDestroyed(getId());
+
     return OK;
 }
 
@@ -258,7 +265,11 @@
             PLOG(WARNING) << "Failed to read manufacturer from " << path;
             return -errno;
         }
-        uint64_t manfid = strtoll(tmp.c_str(), nullptr, 16);
+        int64_t manfid;
+        if (!android::base::ParseInt(tmp, &manfid)) {
+            PLOG(WARNING) << "Failed to parse manufacturer " << tmp;
+            return -EINVAL;
+        }
         // Our goal here is to give the user a meaningful label, ideally
         // matching whatever is silk-screened on the card.  To reduce
         // user confusion, this list doesn't contain white-label manfid.
@@ -282,14 +293,15 @@
     }
     }
 
-    notifyEvent(ResponseCode::DiskSizeChanged, StringPrintf("%" PRIu64, mSize));
-    notifyEvent(ResponseCode::DiskLabelChanged, mLabel);
-    notifyEvent(ResponseCode::DiskSysPathChanged, mSysPath);
+    auto listener = VolumeManager::Instance()->getListener();
+    if (listener) listener->onDiskMetadataChanged(getId(),
+            mSize, mLabel, mSysPath);
+
     return OK;
 }
 
 status_t Disk::readPartitions() {
-    int8_t maxMinors = getMaxMinors();
+    int maxMinors = getMaxMinors();
     if (maxMinors < 0) {
         return -ENOTSUP;
     }
@@ -307,7 +319,10 @@
     status_t res = ForkExecvp(cmd, output);
     if (res != OK) {
         LOG(WARNING) << "sgdisk failed to scan " << mDevPath;
-        notifyEvent(ResponseCode::DiskScanned);
+
+        auto listener = VolumeManager::Instance()->getListener();
+        if (listener) listener->onDiskScanned(getId());
+
         mJustPartitioned = false;
         return res;
     }
@@ -315,31 +330,40 @@
     Table table = Table::kUnknown;
     bool foundParts = false;
     for (const auto& line : output) {
-        char* cline = (char*) line.c_str();
-        char* token = strtok(cline, kSgdiskToken);
-        if (token == nullptr) continue;
+        auto split = android::base::Split(line, kSgdiskToken);
+        auto it = split.begin();
+        if (it == split.end()) continue;
 
-        if (!strcmp(token, "DISK")) {
-            const char* type = strtok(nullptr, kSgdiskToken);
-            if (!strcmp(type, "mbr")) {
+        if (*it == "DISK") {
+            if (++it == split.end()) continue;
+            if (*it == "mbr") {
                 table = Table::kMbr;
-            } else if (!strcmp(type, "gpt")) {
+            } else if (*it == "gpt") {
                 table = Table::kGpt;
+            } else {
+                LOG(WARNING) << "Invalid partition table " << *it;
+                continue;
             }
-        } else if (!strcmp(token, "PART")) {
+        } else if (*it == "PART") {
             foundParts = true;
-            int i = strtol(strtok(nullptr, kSgdiskToken), nullptr, 10);
-            if (i <= 0 || i > maxMinors) {
-                LOG(WARNING) << mId << " is ignoring partition " << i
-                        << " beyond max supported devices";
+
+            if (++it == split.end()) continue;
+            int i = 0;
+            if (!android::base::ParseInt(*it, &i, 1, maxMinors)) {
+                LOG(WARNING) << "Invalid partition number " << *it;
                 continue;
             }
             dev_t partDevice = makedev(major(mDevice), minor(mDevice) + i);
 
             if (table == Table::kMbr) {
-                const char* type = strtok(nullptr, kSgdiskToken);
+                if (++it == split.end()) continue;
+                int type = 0;
+                if (!android::base::ParseInt("0x" + *it, &type)) {
+                    LOG(WARNING) << "Invalid partition type " << *it;
+                    continue;
+                }
 
-                switch (strtol(type, nullptr, 16)) {
+                switch (type) {
                 case 0x06: // FAT16
                 case 0x0b: // W95 FAT32 (LBA)
                 case 0x0c: // W95 FAT32 (LBA)
@@ -348,12 +372,14 @@
                     break;
                 }
             } else if (table == Table::kGpt) {
-                const char* typeGuid = strtok(nullptr, kSgdiskToken);
-                const char* partGuid = strtok(nullptr, kSgdiskToken);
+                if (++it == split.end()) continue;
+                auto typeGuid = *it;
+                if (++it == split.end()) continue;
+                auto partGuid = *it;
 
-                if (!strcasecmp(typeGuid, kGptBasicData)) {
+                if (android::base::EqualsIgnoreCase(typeGuid, kGptBasicData)) {
                     createPublicVolume(partDevice);
-                } else if (!strcasecmp(typeGuid, kGptAndroidExpand)) {
+                } else if (android::base::EqualsIgnoreCase(typeGuid, kGptAndroidExpand)) {
                     createPrivateVolume(partDevice, partGuid);
                 }
             }
@@ -366,14 +392,16 @@
 
         std::string fsType;
         std::string unused;
-        if (ReadMetadataUntrusted(mDevPath, fsType, unused, unused) == OK) {
+        if (ReadMetadataUntrusted(mDevPath, &fsType, &unused, &unused) == OK) {
             createPublicVolume(mDevice);
         } else {
             LOG(WARNING) << mId << " failed to identify, giving up";
         }
     }
 
-    notifyEvent(ResponseCode::DiskScanned);
+    auto listener = VolumeManager::Instance()->getListener();
+    if (listener) listener->onDiskScanned(getId());
+
     mJustPartitioned = false;
     return OK;
 }
@@ -388,7 +416,6 @@
 status_t Disk::partitionPublic() {
     int res;
 
-    // TODO: improve this code
     destroyAllVolumes();
     mJustPartitioned = true;
 
@@ -404,41 +431,21 @@
         LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to zap; status " << res;
     }
 
-    struct disk_info dinfo;
-    memset(&dinfo, 0, sizeof(dinfo));
+    // Now let's build the new MBR table. We heavily rely on sgdisk to
+    // force optimal alignment on the created partitions.
+    cmd.clear();
+    cmd.push_back(kSgdiskPath);
+    cmd.push_back("--new=0:0:-0");
+    cmd.push_back("--typecode=0:0c00");
+    cmd.push_back("--gpttombr=1");
+    cmd.push_back(mDevPath);
 
-    if (!(dinfo.part_lst = (struct part_info *) malloc(
-            MAX_NUM_PARTS * sizeof(struct part_info)))) {
-        return -1;
+    if ((res = ForkExecvp(cmd)) != 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to partition; status " << res;
+        return res;
     }
 
-    memset(dinfo.part_lst, 0, MAX_NUM_PARTS * sizeof(struct part_info));
-    dinfo.device = strdup(mDevPath.c_str());
-    dinfo.scheme = PART_SCHEME_MBR;
-    dinfo.sect_size = 512;
-    dinfo.skip_lba = 2048;
-    dinfo.num_lba = 0;
-    dinfo.num_parts = 1;
-
-    struct part_info *pinfo = &dinfo.part_lst[0];
-
-    pinfo->name = strdup("android_sdcard");
-    pinfo->flags |= PART_ACTIVE_FLAG;
-    pinfo->type = PC_PART_TYPE_FAT32;
-    pinfo->len_kb = -1;
-
-    int rc = apply_disk_config(&dinfo, 0);
-    if (rc) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to apply disk configuration: " << rc;
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-out:
-    free(pinfo->name);
-    free(dinfo.device);
-    free(dinfo.part_lst);
-
-    return rc;
+    return OK;
 }
 
 status_t Disk::partitionPrivate() {
@@ -535,16 +542,6 @@
     return OK;
 }
 
-void Disk::notifyEvent(int event) {
-    VolumeManager::Instance()->getBroadcaster()->sendBroadcast(event,
-            getId().c_str(), false);
-}
-
-void Disk::notifyEvent(int event, const std::string& value) {
-    VolumeManager::Instance()->getBroadcaster()->sendBroadcast(event,
-            StringPrintf("%s %s", getId().c_str(), value.c_str()).c_str(), false);
-}
-
 int Disk::getMaxMinors() {
     // Figure out maximum partition devices supported
     unsigned int majorId = major(mDevice);
@@ -555,7 +552,7 @@
             LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read max minors";
             return -errno;
         }
-        return atoi(tmp.c_str());
+        return std::stoi(tmp);
     }
     case kMajorBlockScsiA: case kMajorBlockScsiB: case kMajorBlockScsiC: case kMajorBlockScsiD:
     case kMajorBlockScsiE: case kMajorBlockScsiF: case kMajorBlockScsiG: case kMajorBlockScsiH:
@@ -572,7 +569,7 @@
             LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read max minors";
             return -errno;
         }
-        return atoi(tmp.c_str());
+        return std::stoi(tmp);
     }
     default: {
         if (isVirtioBlkDevice(majorId)) {
diff --git a/Disk.h b/model/Disk.h
similarity index 97%
rename from Disk.h
rename to model/Disk.h
index 77ec7df..63acf6a 100644
--- a/Disk.h
+++ b/model/Disk.h
@@ -79,9 +79,6 @@
     status_t partitionPrivate();
     status_t partitionMixed(int8_t ratio);
 
-    void notifyEvent(int msg);
-    void notifyEvent(int msg, const std::string& value);
-
 private:
     /* ID that uniquely references this disk */
     std::string mId;
diff --git a/EmulatedVolume.cpp b/model/EmulatedVolume.cpp
similarity index 92%
rename from EmulatedVolume.cpp
rename to model/EmulatedVolume.cpp
index 21b290a..d40cf3f 100644
--- a/EmulatedVolume.cpp
+++ b/model/EmulatedVolume.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <cutils/fs.h>
 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
+#include <utils/Timers.h>
 
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
@@ -100,9 +101,16 @@
         return -errno;
     }
 
+    nsecs_t start = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_BOOTTIME);
     while (before == GetDevice(mFuseWrite)) {
         LOG(VERBOSE) << "Waiting for FUSE to spin up...";
         usleep(50000); // 50ms
+
+        nsecs_t now = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_BOOTTIME);
+        if (nanoseconds_to_milliseconds(now - start) > 5000) {
+            LOG(WARNING) << "Timed out while waiting for FUSE to spin up";
+            return -ETIMEDOUT;
+        }
     }
     /* sdcardfs will have exited already. FUSE will still be running */
     TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(waitpid(mFusePid, nullptr, WNOHANG));
diff --git a/EmulatedVolume.h b/model/EmulatedVolume.h
similarity index 100%
rename from EmulatedVolume.h
rename to model/EmulatedVolume.h
diff --git a/model/ObbVolume.cpp b/model/ObbVolume.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..709c7a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/model/ObbVolume.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "fs/Vfat.h"
+#include "Devmapper.h"
+#include "Loop.h"
+#include "ObbVolume.h"
+#include "Utils.h"
+#include "VoldUtil.h"
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+#include <cutils/fs.h>
+#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/sysmacros.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+
+using android::base::StringPrintf;
+using android::base::unique_fd;
+
+namespace android {
+namespace vold {
+
+ObbVolume::ObbVolume(int id, const std::string& sourcePath, const std::string& sourceKey,
+        gid_t ownerGid) : VolumeBase(Type::kObb) {
+    setId(StringPrintf("obb:%d", id));
+    mSourcePath = sourcePath;
+    mSourceKey = sourceKey;
+    mOwnerGid = ownerGid;
+}
+
+ObbVolume::~ObbVolume() {
+}
+
+status_t ObbVolume::doCreate() {
+    if (Loop::create(mSourcePath, mLoopPath)) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << getId() << " failed to create loop";
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (!mSourceKey.empty()) {
+        unsigned long nr_sec = 0;
+        {
+            unique_fd loop_fd(open(mLoopPath.c_str(), O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC));
+            if (loop_fd.get() == -1) {
+                PLOG(ERROR) << getId() << " failed to open loop";
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            get_blkdev_size(loop_fd.get(), &nr_sec);
+            if (nr_sec == 0) {
+                PLOG(ERROR) << getId() << " failed to get loop size";
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        char tmp[PATH_MAX];
+        if (Devmapper::create(getId().c_str(), mLoopPath.c_str(), mSourceKey.c_str(), nr_sec,
+                tmp, PATH_MAX)) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << getId() << " failed to create dm";
+            return -1;
+        }
+        mDmPath = tmp;
+        mMountPath = mDmPath;
+    } else {
+        mMountPath = mLoopPath;
+    }
+    return OK;
+}
+
+status_t ObbVolume::doDestroy() {
+    if (!mDmPath.empty() && Devmapper::destroy(getId().c_str())) {
+        PLOG(WARNING) << getId() << " failed to destroy dm";
+    }
+    if (!mLoopPath.empty() && Loop::destroyByDevice(mLoopPath.c_str())) {
+        PLOG(WARNING) << getId() << " failed to destroy loop";
+    }
+    mDmPath.clear();
+    mLoopPath.clear();
+    return OK;
+}
+
+status_t ObbVolume::doMount() {
+    auto path = StringPrintf("/mnt/obb/%s", getId().c_str());
+    setPath(path);
+
+    if (fs_prepare_dir(path.c_str(), 0700, AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT)) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << getId() << " failed to create mount point";
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (android::vold::vfat::Mount(mMountPath, path,
+            true, false, true, 0, mOwnerGid, 0227, false)) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << getId() << " failed to mount";
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return OK;
+}
+
+status_t ObbVolume::doUnmount() {
+    auto path = getPath();
+
+    KillProcessesUsingPath(path);
+    ForceUnmount(path);
+    rmdir(path.c_str());
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+}  // namespace vold
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/model/ObbVolume.h b/model/ObbVolume.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ec0cde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/model/ObbVolume.h
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_VOLD_OBB_VOLUME_H
+#define ANDROID_VOLD_OBB_VOLUME_H
+
+#include "VolumeBase.h"
+
+#include <cutils/multiuser.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace vold {
+
+/*
+ * OBB container.
+ */
+class ObbVolume : public VolumeBase {
+public:
+    ObbVolume(int id, const std::string& sourcePath, const std::string& sourceKey,
+            gid_t ownerGid);
+    virtual ~ObbVolume();
+
+protected:
+    status_t doCreate() override;
+    status_t doDestroy() override;
+    status_t doMount() override;
+    status_t doUnmount() override;
+
+private:
+    std::string mSourcePath;
+    std::string mSourceKey;
+    gid_t mOwnerGid;
+
+    std::string mLoopPath;
+    std::string mDmPath;
+    std::string mMountPath;
+
+    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(ObbVolume);
+};
+
+}  // namespace vold
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif
diff --git a/PrivateVolume.cpp b/model/PrivateVolume.cpp
similarity index 95%
rename from PrivateVolume.cpp
rename to model/PrivateVolume.cpp
index e66e04d..48d041b 100644
--- a/PrivateVolume.cpp
+++ b/model/PrivateVolume.cpp
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 #include "EmulatedVolume.h"
 #include "Utils.h"
 #include "VolumeManager.h"
-#include "ResponseCode.h"
 #include "cryptfs.h"
 
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
@@ -54,10 +53,11 @@
 }
 
 status_t PrivateVolume::readMetadata() {
-    status_t res = ReadMetadata(mDmDevPath, mFsType, mFsUuid, mFsLabel);
-    notifyEvent(ResponseCode::VolumeFsTypeChanged, mFsType);
-    notifyEvent(ResponseCode::VolumeFsUuidChanged, mFsUuid);
-    notifyEvent(ResponseCode::VolumeFsLabelChanged, mFsLabel);
+    status_t res = ReadMetadata(mDmDevPath, &mFsType, &mFsUuid, &mFsLabel);
+
+    auto listener = getListener();
+    if (listener) listener->onVolumeMetadataChanged(getId(), mFsType, mFsUuid, mFsLabel);
+
     return res;
 }
 
diff --git a/PrivateVolume.h b/model/PrivateVolume.h
similarity index 94%
rename from PrivateVolume.h
rename to model/PrivateVolume.h
index 95b718d..9508671 100644
--- a/PrivateVolume.h
+++ b/model/PrivateVolume.h
@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@
 public:
     PrivateVolume(dev_t device, const std::string& keyRaw);
     virtual ~PrivateVolume();
+    const std::string& getFsType() { return mFsType; };
+    const std::string& getRawDevPath() { return mRawDevPath; };
 
 protected:
     status_t doCreate() override;
diff --git a/PublicVolume.cpp b/model/PublicVolume.cpp
similarity index 92%
rename from PublicVolume.cpp
rename to model/PublicVolume.cpp
index f976c4a..98c897f 100644
--- a/PublicVolume.cpp
+++ b/model/PublicVolume.cpp
@@ -18,12 +18,12 @@
 #include "PublicVolume.h"
 #include "Utils.h"
 #include "VolumeManager.h"
-#include "ResponseCode.h"
 
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <cutils/fs.h>
 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
+#include <utils/Timers.h>
 
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
@@ -52,10 +52,11 @@
 }
 
 status_t PublicVolume::readMetadata() {
-    status_t res = ReadMetadataUntrusted(mDevPath, mFsType, mFsUuid, mFsLabel);
-    notifyEvent(ResponseCode::VolumeFsTypeChanged, mFsType);
-    notifyEvent(ResponseCode::VolumeFsUuidChanged, mFsUuid);
-    notifyEvent(ResponseCode::VolumeFsLabelChanged, mFsLabel);
+    status_t res = ReadMetadataUntrusted(mDevPath, &mFsType, &mFsUuid, &mFsLabel);
+
+    auto listener = getListener();
+    if (listener) listener->onVolumeMetadataChanged(getId(), mFsType, mFsUuid, mFsLabel);
+
     return res;
 }
 
@@ -186,9 +187,16 @@
         return -errno;
     }
 
+    nsecs_t start = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_BOOTTIME);
     while (before == GetDevice(mFuseWrite)) {
         LOG(VERBOSE) << "Waiting for FUSE to spin up...";
         usleep(50000); // 50ms
+
+        nsecs_t now = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_BOOTTIME);
+        if (nanoseconds_to_milliseconds(now - start) > 5000) {
+            LOG(WARNING) << "Timed out while waiting for FUSE to spin up";
+            return -ETIMEDOUT;
+        }
     }
     /* sdcardfs will have exited already. FUSE will still be running */
     TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(waitpid(mFusePid, nullptr, WNOHANG));
diff --git a/PublicVolume.h b/model/PublicVolume.h
similarity index 100%
rename from PublicVolume.h
rename to model/PublicVolume.h
diff --git a/VolumeBase.cpp b/model/VolumeBase.cpp
similarity index 86%
rename from VolumeBase.cpp
rename to model/VolumeBase.cpp
index 3f27d87..429f134 100644
--- a/VolumeBase.cpp
+++ b/model/VolumeBase.cpp
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 #include "Utils.h"
 #include "VolumeBase.h"
 #include "VolumeManager.h"
-#include "ResponseCode.h"
 
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
@@ -44,7 +43,9 @@
 
 void VolumeBase::setState(State state) {
     mState = state;
-    notifyEvent(ResponseCode::VolumeStateChanged, StringPrintf("%d", mState));
+
+    auto listener = getListener();
+    if (listener) listener->onVolumeStateChanged(getId(), static_cast<int32_t>(mState));
 }
 
 status_t VolumeBase::setDiskId(const std::string& diskId) {
@@ -114,7 +115,10 @@
     }
 
     mPath = path;
-    notifyEvent(ResponseCode::VolumePathChanged, mPath);
+
+    auto listener = getListener();
+    if (listener) listener->onVolumePathChanged(getId(), mPath);
+
     return OK;
 }
 
@@ -125,20 +129,19 @@
     }
 
     mInternalPath = internalPath;
-    notifyEvent(ResponseCode::VolumeInternalPathChanged, mInternalPath);
+
+    auto listener = getListener();
+    if (listener) listener->onVolumeInternalPathChanged(getId(), mInternalPath);
+
     return OK;
 }
 
-void VolumeBase::notifyEvent(int event) {
-    if (mSilent) return;
-    VolumeManager::Instance()->getBroadcaster()->sendBroadcast(event,
-            getId().c_str(), false);
-}
-
-void VolumeBase::notifyEvent(int event, const std::string& value) {
-    if (mSilent) return;
-    VolumeManager::Instance()->getBroadcaster()->sendBroadcast(event,
-            StringPrintf("%s %s", getId().c_str(), value.c_str()).c_str(), false);
+android::sp<android::os::IVoldListener> VolumeBase::getListener() {
+    if (mSilent) {
+        return nullptr;
+    } else {
+        return VolumeManager::Instance()->getListener();
+    }
 }
 
 void VolumeBase::addVolume(const std::shared_ptr<VolumeBase>& volume) {
@@ -163,8 +166,11 @@
 
     mCreated = true;
     status_t res = doCreate();
-    notifyEvent(ResponseCode::VolumeCreated,
-            StringPrintf("%d \"%s\" \"%s\"", mType, mDiskId.c_str(), mPartGuid.c_str()));
+
+    auto listener = getListener();
+    if (listener) listener->onVolumeCreated(getId(),
+            static_cast<int32_t>(mType), mDiskId, mPartGuid);
+
     setState(State::kUnmounted);
     return res;
 }
@@ -183,7 +189,10 @@
         setState(State::kRemoved);
     }
 
-    notifyEvent(ResponseCode::VolumeDestroyed);
+
+    auto listener = getListener();
+    if (listener) listener->onVolumeDestroyed(getId());
+
     status_t res = doDestroy();
     mCreated = false;
     return res;
diff --git a/VolumeBase.h b/model/VolumeBase.h
similarity index 97%
rename from VolumeBase.h
rename to model/VolumeBase.h
index d417019..4aa8b02 100644
--- a/VolumeBase.h
+++ b/model/VolumeBase.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #ifndef ANDROID_VOLD_VOLUME_BASE_H
 #define ANDROID_VOLD_VOLUME_BASE_H
 
+#include "android/os/IVoldListener.h"
 #include "Utils.h"
 
 #include <cutils/multiuser.h>
@@ -114,8 +115,7 @@
     status_t setPath(const std::string& path);
     status_t setInternalPath(const std::string& internalPath);
 
-    void notifyEvent(int msg);
-    void notifyEvent(int msg, const std::string& value);
+    android::sp<android::os::IVoldListener> getListener();
 
 private:
     /* ID that uniquely references volume while alive */
diff --git a/secontext.h b/secontext.h
index 08ad48e..f5339c8 100644
--- a/secontext.h
+++ b/secontext.h
@@ -18,8 +18,6 @@
 
 #include <selinux/selinux.h>
 
-__BEGIN_DECLS
 security_context_t secontextFsck();
-__END_DECLS
 
 #endif
diff --git a/tests/Android.bp b/tests/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a070178
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+cc_test {
+    name: "vold_tests",
+    defaults: [
+        "vold_default_flags",
+        "vold_default_libs",
+    ],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "CryptfsScryptHidlizationEquivalence_test.cpp",
+        "Utils_test.cpp",
+        "cryptfs_test.cpp",
+    ],
+    static_libs: ["libvold"],
+}
diff --git a/tests/Android.mk b/tests/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 5b8ff09..0000000
--- a/tests/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-# Build the unit tests.
-LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_ADDITIONAL_DEPENDENCIES := $(LOCAL_PATH)/Android.mk
-
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := \
-    system/core/fs_mgr/include
-
-LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := libselinux libvold liblog libcrypto
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := VolumeManager_test.cpp
-LOCAL_MODULE := vold_tests
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := eng tests
-
-LOCAL_CFLAGS := -Wall -Werror
-include $(BUILD_NATIVE_TEST)
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_ADDITIONAL_DEPENDENCIES := $(LOCAL_PATH)/Android.mk
-
-# LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := \
-    system/core/fs_mgr/include
-
-LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := libselinux libvold liblog libcrypto
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := \
-    libutils \
-    libbase \
-    libhardware \
-    libhardware_legacy \
-    libhwbinder \
-    libhidlbase \
-    libkeystore_binder \
-    android.hardware.keymaster@3.0
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := CryptfsScryptHidlizationEquivalence_test.cpp
-LOCAL_MODULE := vold_cryptfs_scrypt_hidlization_equivalence_test
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := eng tests
-
-include $(BUILD_NATIVE_TEST)
diff --git a/tests/CryptfsScryptHidlizationEquivalence_test.cpp b/tests/CryptfsScryptHidlizationEquivalence_test.cpp
index 9c0d684..2905af2 100644
--- a/tests/CryptfsScryptHidlizationEquivalence_test.cpp
+++ b/tests/CryptfsScryptHidlizationEquivalence_test.cpp
@@ -369,6 +369,7 @@
     return keymaster_compatibility_cryptfs_scrypt();
 }
 
+#if 0
 /* Create a new keymaster key and store it in this footer */
 static int keymaster_create_key_new(struct crypt_mnt_ftr *ftr)
 {
@@ -390,6 +391,7 @@
     }
     return 0;
 }
+#endif
 
 /* This signs the given object using the keymaster key. */
 static int keymaster_sign_object_new(struct crypt_mnt_ftr *ftr,
diff --git a/tests/Utils_test.cpp b/tests/Utils_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab9809e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Utils_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "../Utils.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace vold {
+
+class UtilsTest : public testing::Test {
+};
+
+TEST_F(UtilsTest, FindValueTest) {
+    std::string tmp;
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(FindValue("", "KEY", &tmp));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(FindValue("BADKEY=\"VALUE\"", "KEY", &tmp));
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(FindValue("KEY=\"VALUE\"", "KEY", &tmp));
+    ASSERT_EQ("VALUE", tmp);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(FindValue("FOO=\"BAR\" KEY=\"VALUE VALUE\" BAR=\"BAZ\"", "KEY", &tmp));
+    ASSERT_EQ("VALUE VALUE", tmp);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(FindValue("BADKEY=\"VALUE\" KEY=\"BAZ\"", "KEY", &tmp));
+    ASSERT_EQ("BAZ", tmp);
+}
+
+}
+}
diff --git a/tests/VolumeManager_test.cpp b/tests/VolumeManager_test.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index c0c1fa5..0000000
--- a/tests/VolumeManager_test.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <errno.h>
-
-#define LOG_TAG "VolumeManager_test"
-#include <utils/Log.h>
-#include <openssl/md5.h>
-#include "../VolumeManager.h"
-
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
-
-namespace android {
-
-class VolumeManagerTest : public testing::Test {
-protected:
-    virtual void SetUp() {
-    }
-
-    virtual void TearDown() {
-    }
-};
-
-TEST_F(VolumeManagerTest, AsecHashTests) {
-    char buffer[MD5_ASCII_LENGTH_PLUS_NULL];
-    char* dst = reinterpret_cast<char*>(&buffer);
-
-    const char* src1 = "";
-    const char* exp1 = "d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e";
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(VolumeManager::asecHash(exp1, (char*)NULL, sizeof(buffer)) == NULL && errno == ESPIPE)
-            << "Should return NULL and set errno to ESPIPE when destination buffer is NULL";
-    EXPECT_TRUE(VolumeManager::asecHash(exp1, dst, 0) == NULL && errno == ESPIPE)
-            << "Should return NULL and set errno to ESPIPE when destination buffer length is 0";
-    EXPECT_TRUE(VolumeManager::asecHash((const char*)NULL, dst, sizeof(buffer)) == NULL && errno == ESPIPE)
-            << "Should return NULL and set errno to ESPIPE when source buffer is NULL";
-
-    EXPECT_FALSE(VolumeManager::asecHash(src1, dst, sizeof(buffer)) == NULL)
-            << "Should not return NULL on valid source, destination, and destination size";
-    EXPECT_STREQ(exp1, dst)
-            << "MD5 summed output should match";
-
-    const char* src2 = "android";
-    const char* exp2 = "c31b32364ce19ca8fcd150a417ecce58";
-    EXPECT_FALSE(VolumeManager::asecHash(src2, dst, sizeof(buffer)) == NULL)
-            << "Should not return NULL on valid source, destination, and destination size";
-    EXPECT_STREQ(exp2, dst)
-            << "MD5 summed output should match";
-}
-
-}
diff --git a/tests/cryptfs_test.cpp b/tests/cryptfs_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6875c0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cryptfs_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "../cryptfs.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+class CryptfsTest : public testing::Test {
+protected:
+    virtual void SetUp() {
+    }
+
+    virtual void TearDown() {
+    }
+};
+
+TEST_F(CryptfsTest, MatchMultiEntryTest) {
+    ASSERT_NE(0, match_multi_entry("foo", "foo", 0));
+    ASSERT_NE(0, match_multi_entry("foo_0", "foo", 0));
+    ASSERT_NE(0, match_multi_entry("foo_1", "foo", 0));
+    ASSERT_NE(0, match_multi_entry("foo_2", "foo", 0));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, match_multi_entry("foo", "foo", 1));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, match_multi_entry("foo_0", "foo", 1));
+    ASSERT_NE(0, match_multi_entry("foo_1", "foo", 1));
+    ASSERT_NE(0, match_multi_entry("foo_2", "foo", 1));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, match_multi_entry("foo", "foo", 2));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, match_multi_entry("foo_0", "foo", 2));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, match_multi_entry("foo_1", "foo", 2));
+    ASSERT_NE(0, match_multi_entry("foo_2", "foo", 2));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, match_multi_entry("food", "foo", 0));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, match_multi_entry("foo", "food", 0));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, match_multi_entry("foo", "bar", 0));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, match_multi_entry("foo_2", "bar", 0));
+}
+
+}
diff --git a/vdc.cpp b/vdc.cpp
index 7ab5fcc..19eb379 100644
--- a/vdc.cpp
+++ b/vdc.cpp
@@ -24,158 +24,91 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <poll.h>
 
-#include <sys/socket.h>
 #include <sys/select.h>
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/un.h>
 
+#include "android/os/IVold.h"
+
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
+#include <binder/Status.h>
 
-#include <cutils/sockets.h>
 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
 
 static void usage(char *progname);
-static int do_monitor(int sock, int stop_after_cmd);
-static int do_cmd(int sock, int argc, char **argv);
 
-static constexpr int kCommandTimeoutMs = 20 * 1000;
+static android::sp<android::IBinder> getServiceAggressive() {
+    android::sp<android::IBinder> res;
+    auto sm = android::defaultServiceManager();
+    auto name = android::String16("vold");
+    for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
+        res = sm->checkService(name);
+        if (res) {
+            LOG(VERBOSE) << "Waited " << (i * 10) << "ms for vold";
+            break;
+        }
+        usleep(10000); // 10ms
+    }
+    return res;
+}
 
-int main(int argc, char **argv) {
-    int sock;
-    int wait_for_socket;
-    char *progname;
+static void checkStatus(android::binder::Status status) {
+    if (status.isOk()) return;
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Failed: " << status.toString8().string();
+    exit(ENOTTY);
+}
 
-    progname = argv[0];
-
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    setenv("ANDROID_LOG_TAGS", "*:v", 1);
     if (getppid() == 1) {
         // If init is calling us then it's during boot and we should log to kmsg
         android::base::InitLogging(argv, &android::base::KernelLogger);
     } else {
         android::base::InitLogging(argv, &android::base::StderrLogger);
     }
+    std::vector<std::string> args(argv + 1, argv + argc);
 
-    wait_for_socket = argc > 1 && strcmp(argv[1], "--wait") == 0;
-    if (wait_for_socket) {
-        argv++;
-        argc--;
+    if (args.size() > 0 && args[0] == "--wait") {
+        // Just ignore the --wait flag
+        args.erase(args.begin());
     }
 
-    if (argc < 2) {
-        usage(progname);
+    if (args.size() < 2) {
+        usage(argv[0]);
         exit(5);
     }
-
-    const char* sockname = "vold";
-    if (!strcmp(argv[1], "cryptfs")) {
-        sockname = "cryptd";
+    android::sp<android::IBinder> binder = getServiceAggressive();
+    if (!binder) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to obtain vold Binder";
+        exit(EINVAL);
     }
+    auto vold = android::interface_cast<android::os::IVold>(binder);
 
-    while ((sock = socket_local_client(sockname,
-                                 ANDROID_SOCKET_NAMESPACE_RESERVED,
-                                 SOCK_STREAM)) < 0) {
-        if (!wait_for_socket) {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << "Error connecting to " << sockname;
-            exit(4);
-        } else {
-            usleep(10000);
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (!strcmp(argv[1], "monitor")) {
-        exit(do_monitor(sock, 0));
+    if (args[0] == "cryptfs" && args[1] == "enablefilecrypto") {
+        checkStatus(vold->fbeEnable());
+    } else if (args[0] == "cryptfs" && args[1] == "init_user0") {
+        checkStatus(vold->initUser0());
+    } else if (args[0] == "cryptfs" && args[1] == "enablecrypto") {
+        int passwordType = android::os::IVold::PASSWORD_TYPE_DEFAULT;
+        int encryptionFlags = android::os::IVold::ENCRYPTION_FLAG_IN_PLACE
+                | android::os::IVold::ENCRYPTION_FLAG_NO_UI;
+        checkStatus(vold->fdeEnable(passwordType, "", encryptionFlags));
+    } else if (args[0] == "cryptfs" && args[1] == "mountdefaultencrypted") {
+        checkStatus(vold->mountDefaultEncrypted());
+    } else if (args[0] == "volume" && args[1] == "shutdown") {
+        checkStatus(vold->shutdown());
+    } else if (args[0] == "cryptfs" && args[1] == "checkEncryption" && args.size() == 3) {
+        checkStatus(vold->checkEncryption(args[2]));
     } else {
-        exit(do_cmd(sock, argc, argv));
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Raw commands are no longer supported";
+        exit(EINVAL);
     }
-}
-
-static int do_cmd(int sock, int argc, char **argv) {
-    int seq = getpid();
-
-    std::string cmd(android::base::StringPrintf("%d ", seq));
-    for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
-        if (!strchr(argv[i], ' ')) {
-            cmd.append(argv[i]);
-        } else {
-            cmd.push_back('\"');
-            cmd.append(argv[i]);
-            cmd.push_back('\"');
-        }
-
-        if (i < argc - 1) {
-            cmd.push_back(' ');
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(sock, cmd.c_str(), cmd.length() + 1)) < 0) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to write command";
-        return errno;
-    }
-
-    return do_monitor(sock, seq);
-}
-
-static int do_monitor(int sock, int stop_after_seq) {
-    char buffer[4096];
-    int timeout = kCommandTimeoutMs;
-
-    if (stop_after_seq == 0) {
-        LOG(INFO) << "Connected to vold";
-        timeout = -1;
-    }
-
-    while (1) {
-        struct pollfd poll_sock = { sock, POLLIN, 0 };
-        int rc = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(poll(&poll_sock, 1, timeout));
-        if (rc == 0) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << "Timeout waiting for " << stop_after_seq;
-            return ETIMEDOUT;
-        } else if (rc < 0) {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed during poll";
-            return errno;
-        }
-
-        if (!(poll_sock.revents & POLLIN)) {
-            LOG(INFO) << "No data; trying again";
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
-        rc = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(sock, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
-        if (rc == 0) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << "Lost connection, did vold crash?";
-            return ECONNRESET;
-        } else if (rc < 0) {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << "Error reading data";
-            return errno;
-        }
-
-        int offset = 0;
-        for (int i = 0; i < rc; i++) {
-            if (buffer[i] == '\0') {
-                char* res = buffer + offset;
-                fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", res);
-
-                int code = atoi(strtok(res, " "));
-                if (code >= 200 && code < 600) {
-                    int seq = atoi(strtok(nullptr, " "));
-                    if (seq == stop_after_seq) {
-                        if (code == 200) {
-                            return 0;
-                        } else {
-                            return code;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-
-                offset = i + 1;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    return EIO;
+    return 0;
 }
 
 static void usage(char *progname) {
-    LOG(INFO) << "Usage: " << progname << " [--wait] <monitor>|<cmd> [arg1] [arg2...]";
+    LOG(INFO) << "Usage: " << progname << " [--wait] <system> <subcommand> [args...]";
 }
diff --git a/vold.rc b/vold.rc
index 87e2fd8..c27aeda 100644
--- a/vold.rc
+++ b/vold.rc
@@ -2,9 +2,6 @@
         --blkid_context=u:r:blkid:s0 --blkid_untrusted_context=u:r:blkid_untrusted:s0 \
         --fsck_context=u:r:fsck:s0 --fsck_untrusted_context=u:r:fsck_untrusted:s0
     class core
-    socket vold stream 0660 root mount
-    socket cryptd stream 0660 root mount
     ioprio be 2
     writepid /dev/cpuset/foreground/tasks
     shutdown critical
-
diff --git a/vold_prepare_subdirs.cpp b/vold_prepare_subdirs.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02bedde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vold_prepare_subdirs.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Tool to create a directory with the right SELinux context applied, or
+ * apply the context if it's absent. Also fixes mode, uid, gid.
+ */
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/scopeguard.h>
+
+#include <cutils/fs.h>
+#include <selinux/android.h>
+
+#include "Utils.h"
+#include "android/os/IVold.h"
+
+static void usage(const char* progname) {
+    std::cerr << "Usage: " << progname << " [ prepare | destroy ] <volume_uuid> <user_id> <flags>"
+              << std::endl;
+    exit(-1);
+}
+
+static bool small_int(const std::string& s) {
+    return !s.empty() && s.size() < 7 && s.find_first_not_of("0123456789") == std::string::npos;
+}
+
+static bool valid_uuid(const std::string& s) {
+    return s.size() < 40 && s.find_first_not_of("0123456789abcdefABCDEF-_") == std::string::npos;
+}
+
+static bool prepare_dir(struct selabel_handle* sehandle, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid,
+                        const std::string& path) {
+    auto clearfscreatecon = android::base::make_scope_guard([] { setfscreatecon(nullptr); });
+    auto secontext = std::unique_ptr<char, void (*)(char*)>(nullptr, freecon);
+    char* tmp_secontext;
+    if (sehandle && selabel_lookup(sehandle, &tmp_secontext, path.c_str(), S_IFDIR) == 0) {
+        secontext.reset(tmp_secontext);
+    }
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "Setting up mode " << std::oct << mode << std::dec << " uid " << uid << " gid "
+               << gid << " context " << secontext.get() << " on path: " << path;
+    if (secontext) {
+        if (setfscreatecon(secontext.get()) != 0) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to read setfscreatecon for: " << path;
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    if (fs_prepare_dir(path.c_str(), mode, uid, gid) != 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (secontext) {
+        char* tmp_oldsecontext = nullptr;
+        if (lgetfilecon(path.c_str(), &tmp_oldsecontext) < 0) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to read secontext for: " << path;
+            return false;
+        }
+        auto oldsecontext = std::unique_ptr<char, void (*)(char*)>(tmp_oldsecontext, freecon);
+        if (strcmp(secontext.get(), oldsecontext.get()) != 0) {
+            LOG(INFO) << "Relabelling from " << ((char*)oldsecontext.get()) << " to "
+                      << ((char*)secontext.get()) << ": " << path;
+            if (lsetfilecon(path.c_str(), secontext.get()) != 0) {
+                PLOG(ERROR) << "Relabelling failed for: " << path;
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool rmrf_contents(const std::string& path) {
+    auto dirp = std::unique_ptr<DIR, int (*)(DIR*)>(opendir(path.c_str()), closedir);
+    if (!dirp) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to open directory: " << path;
+        return false;
+    }
+    bool res = true;
+    for (;;) {
+        errno = 0;
+        auto const entry = readdir(dirp.get());
+        if (!entry) {
+            if (errno) {
+                PLOG(ERROR) << "readdir failed on: " << path;
+                return false;
+            }
+            return res;
+        }
+        if (entry->d_name[0] == '.') continue;
+        auto subdir = path + "/" + entry->d_name;
+        if (0 !=
+            android::vold::ForkExecvp(std::vector<std::string>{"/system/bin/rm", "-rf", subdir})) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "rm -rf failed on " << subdir;
+            res = false;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static bool prepare_subdirs(const std::string& volume_uuid, int user_id, int flags) {
+    struct selabel_handle* sehandle = selinux_android_file_context_handle();
+
+    if (volume_uuid.empty()) {
+        if (flags & android::os::IVold::STORAGE_FLAG_DE) {
+            auto misc_de_path = android::vold::BuildDataMiscDePath(user_id);
+            if (!prepare_dir(sehandle, 0700, 0, 0, misc_de_path + "/vold")) return false;
+            if (!prepare_dir(sehandle, 0700, 0, 0, misc_de_path + "/storaged")) return false;
+        }
+        if (flags & android::os::IVold::STORAGE_FLAG_CE) {
+            auto misc_ce_path = android::vold::BuildDataMiscCePath(user_id);
+            if (!prepare_dir(sehandle, 0700, 0, 0, misc_ce_path + "/vold")) return false;
+            if (!prepare_dir(sehandle, 0700, 0, 0, misc_ce_path + "/storaged")) return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool destroy_subdirs(const std::string& volume_uuid, int user_id, int flags) {
+    bool res = true;
+    if (volume_uuid.empty()) {
+        if (flags & android::os::IVold::STORAGE_FLAG_CE) {
+            auto misc_ce_path = android::vold::BuildDataMiscCePath(user_id);
+            res &= rmrf_contents(misc_ce_path);
+        }
+        if (flags & android::os::IVold::STORAGE_FLAG_DE) {
+            auto misc_de_path = android::vold::BuildDataMiscDePath(user_id);
+            res &= rmrf_contents(misc_de_path);
+        }
+    }
+    return res;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, const char* const argv[]) {
+    android::base::InitLogging(const_cast<char**>(argv));
+    std::vector<std::string> args(argv + 1, argv + argc);
+
+    if (args.size() != 4 || !valid_uuid(args[1]) || !small_int(args[2]) || !small_int(args[3])) {
+        usage(argv[0]);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    auto volume_uuid = args[1];
+    int user_id = stoi(args[2]);
+    int flags = stoi(args[3]);
+    if (args[0] == "prepare") {
+        if (!prepare_subdirs(volume_uuid, user_id, flags)) return -1;
+    } else if (args[0] == "destroy") {
+        if (!destroy_subdirs(volume_uuid, user_id, flags)) return -1;
+    } else {
+        usage(argv[0]);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}