Replace StringNetworkSpecifier & subId with TelephonyNetworkSpecifer

StringNetworkSpecifier is widely used to specify subscription id for
the NetworkRequest. The raw string field introduce ambiguity and leave
large space for bugs. With TelephonyNetworkSpecifer, we are able to
settle down the type and value of the fields (although currently only
one) and introduce validation to detect the bug in the beginning.

Bug: 145993724
Test: atest FrameworksNetTests FrameworksTelephonyTests &
      make offline-sdk-docs
Change-Id: Iefbad9b1deb3de2c0b262d9ce5ae0704a50d08a6
diff --git a/api/current.txt b/api/current.txt
index 18e0043..e3b3e5a 100644
--- a/api/current.txt
+++ b/api/current.txt
@@ -29167,7 +29167,7 @@
     method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder clearCapabilities();
     method public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder removeCapability(int);
     method public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder removeTransportType(int);
-    method public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder setNetworkSpecifier(String);
+    method @Deprecated public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder setNetworkSpecifier(String);
     method public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder setNetworkSpecifier(android.net.NetworkSpecifier);
   }
 
@@ -29266,6 +29266,19 @@
     method public void onStopped();
   }
 
+  public final class TelephonyNetworkSpecifier extends android.net.NetworkSpecifier implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method public int getSubscriptionId();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.TelephonyNetworkSpecifier> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public static final class TelephonyNetworkSpecifier.Builder {
+    ctor public TelephonyNetworkSpecifier.Builder();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.TelephonyNetworkSpecifier build();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.TelephonyNetworkSpecifier.Builder setSubscriptionId(int);
+  }
+
   public class TrafficStats {
     ctor public TrafficStats();
     method public static void clearThreadStatsTag();
diff --git a/api/system-current.txt b/api/system-current.txt
index d6a3433..f1bc61b 100755
--- a/api/system-current.txt
+++ b/api/system-current.txt
@@ -4638,6 +4638,10 @@
     field @NonNull public final String specifier;
   }
 
+  public final class TelephonyNetworkSpecifier extends android.net.NetworkSpecifier implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method public boolean satisfiedBy(android.net.NetworkSpecifier);
+  }
+
   public class TrafficStats {
     method public static void setThreadStatsTagApp();
     method public static void setThreadStatsTagBackup();
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/NetworkRequest.java b/core/java/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
index c7b3009..3be49d5 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
@@ -300,22 +300,34 @@
          * this without a single transport set will generate an exception, as will
          * subsequently adding or removing transports after this is set.
          * </p>
-         * The interpretation of this {@code String} is bearer specific and bearers that use
-         * it should document their particulars.  For example, Bluetooth may use some sort of
-         * device id while WiFi could used ssid and/or bssid.  Cellular may use carrier spn.
+         * If the {@code networkSpecifier} is provided, it shall be interpreted as follows:
+         * <ul>
+         * <li>If the specifier can be parsed as an integer, it will be treated as a
+         * {@link android.net TelephonyNetworkSpecifier}, and the provided integer will be
+         * interpreted as a SubscriptionId.
+         * <li>If the value is an ethernet interface name, it will be treated as such.
+         * <li>For all other cases, the behavior is undefined.
+         * </ul>
          *
-         * @param networkSpecifier An {@code String} of opaque format used to specify the bearer
-         *                         specific network specifier where the bearer has a choice of
-         *                         networks.
+         * @param networkSpecifier A {@code String} of either a SubscriptionId in cellular
+         *                         network request or an ethernet interface name in ethernet
+         *                         network request.
+         *
+         * @deprecated Use {@link #setNetworkSpecifier(NetworkSpecifier)} instead.
          */
+        @Deprecated
         public Builder setNetworkSpecifier(String networkSpecifier) {
-            /*
-             * A StringNetworkSpecifier does not accept null or empty ("") strings. When network
-             * specifiers were strings a null string and an empty string were considered equivalent.
-             * Hence no meaning is attached to a null or empty ("") string.
-             */
-            return setNetworkSpecifier(TextUtils.isEmpty(networkSpecifier) ? null
-                    : new StringNetworkSpecifier(networkSpecifier));
+            try {
+                int subId = Integer.parseInt(networkSpecifier);
+                return setNetworkSpecifier(new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
+                        .setSubscriptionId(subId).build());
+            } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
+                // A StringNetworkSpecifier does not accept null or empty ("") strings. When network
+                // specifiers were strings a null string and an empty string were considered
+                // equivalent. Hence no meaning is attached to a null or empty ("") string.
+                return setNetworkSpecifier(TextUtils.isEmpty(networkSpecifier) ? null
+                        : new StringNetworkSpecifier(networkSpecifier));
+            }
         }
 
         /**
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/TelephonyNetworkSpecifier.java b/core/java/android/net/TelephonyNetworkSpecifier.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..726f770
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/java/android/net/TelephonyNetworkSpecifier.java
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+/**
+ * NetworkSpecifier object for cellular network request. Apps should use the
+ * {@link TelephonyNetworkSpecifier.Builder} class to create an instance.
+ */
+public final class TelephonyNetworkSpecifier extends NetworkSpecifier implements Parcelable {
+
+    private final int mSubId;
+
+    /**
+     * Return the subscription Id of current TelephonyNetworkSpecifier object.
+     *
+     * @return The subscription id.
+     */
+    public int getSubscriptionId() {
+        return mSubId;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public TelephonyNetworkSpecifier(int subId) {
+        this.mSubId = subId;
+    }
+
+    public static final @NonNull Creator<TelephonyNetworkSpecifier> CREATOR =
+            new Creator<TelephonyNetworkSpecifier>() {
+                @Override
+                public TelephonyNetworkSpecifier createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+                    int subId = in.readInt();
+                    return new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier(subId);
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public TelephonyNetworkSpecifier[] newArray(int size) {
+                    return new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier[size];
+                }
+            };
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        dest.writeInt(mSubId);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return mSubId;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+        if (this == obj) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (!(obj instanceof TelephonyNetworkSpecifier)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        TelephonyNetworkSpecifier lhs = (TelephonyNetworkSpecifier) obj;
+        return mSubId == lhs.mSubId;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return new StringBuilder()
+                .append("TelephonyNetworkSpecifier [")
+                .append("mSubId = ").append(mSubId)
+                .append("]")
+                .toString();
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Override
+    public boolean satisfiedBy(NetworkSpecifier other) {
+        // Any generic requests should be satisfied by a specific telephony network.
+        // For simplicity, we treat null same as MatchAllNetworkSpecifier
+        return equals(other) || other == null || other instanceof MatchAllNetworkSpecifier;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Builder to create {@link TelephonyNetworkSpecifier} object.
+     */
+    public static final class Builder {
+        // Integer.MIN_VALUE which is not a valid subId, services as the sentinel to check if
+        // subId was set
+        private static final int SENTINEL_SUB_ID = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
+
+        private int mSubId;
+
+        public Builder() {
+            mSubId = SENTINEL_SUB_ID;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the subscription id.
+         *
+         * @param subId The subscription Id.
+         * @return Instance of {@link Builder} to enable the chaining of the builder method.
+         */
+        public @NonNull Builder setSubscriptionId(int subId) {
+            mSubId = subId;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Create a NetworkSpecifier for the cellular network request.
+         *
+         * @return TelephonyNetworkSpecifier object.
+         * @throws IllegalArgumentException when subscription Id is not provided through
+         *         {@link #setSubscriptionId(int)}.
+         */
+        public @NonNull TelephonyNetworkSpecifier build() {
+            if (mSubId == SENTINEL_SUB_ID) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Subscription Id is not provided.");
+            }
+            return new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier(mSubId);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MultipathPolicyTracker.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MultipathPolicyTracker.java
index 6fa999c..04c792a 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MultipathPolicyTracker.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MultipathPolicyTracker.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkPolicy.LIMIT_DISABLED;
 import static android.net.NetworkPolicy.WARNING_DISABLED;
 import static android.provider.Settings.Global.NETWORK_DEFAULT_DAILY_MULTIPATH_QUOTA_BYTES;
+import static android.telephony.SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID;
 
 import static com.android.server.net.NetworkPolicyManagerInternal.QUOTA_TYPE_MULTIPATH;
 import static com.android.server.net.NetworkPolicyManagerService.OPPORTUNISTIC_QUOTA_UNKNOWN;
@@ -46,19 +47,18 @@
 import android.net.NetworkPolicy;
 import android.net.NetworkPolicyManager;
 import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.net.NetworkSpecifier;
 import android.net.NetworkStats;
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate;
-import android.net.StringNetworkSpecifier;
+import android.net.TelephonyNetworkSpecifier;
+import android.net.Uri;
 import android.os.BestClock;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
-import android.net.Uri;
 import android.os.UserHandle;
 import android.provider.Settings;
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
-import android.util.DataUnit;
 import android.util.DebugUtils;
-import android.util.Pair;
 import android.util.Range;
 import android.util.Slog;
 
@@ -74,7 +74,6 @@
 import java.time.ZoneOffset;
 import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
 import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
-import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 
@@ -185,7 +184,6 @@
     // Track information on mobile networks as they come and go.
     class MultipathTracker {
         final Network network;
-        final int subId;
         final String subscriberId;
 
         private long mQuota;
@@ -198,13 +196,14 @@
         public MultipathTracker(Network network, NetworkCapabilities nc) {
             this.network = network;
             this.mNetworkCapabilities = new NetworkCapabilities(nc);
-            try {
-                subId = Integer.parseInt(
-                        ((StringNetworkSpecifier) nc.getNetworkSpecifier()).toString());
-            } catch (ClassCastException | NullPointerException | NumberFormatException e) {
+            NetworkSpecifier specifier = nc.getNetworkSpecifier();
+            int subId = INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID;
+            if (specifier instanceof TelephonyNetworkSpecifier) {
+                subId = ((TelephonyNetworkSpecifier) specifier).getSubscriptionId();
+            } else {
                 throw new IllegalStateException(String.format(
-                        "Can't get subId from mobile network %s (%s): %s",
-                        network, nc, e.getMessage()));
+                        "Can't get subId from mobile network %s (%s)",
+                        network, nc));
             }
 
             TelephonyManager tele = mContext.getSystemService(TelephonyManager.class);
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManager.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManager.java
index 2179518..2c41557 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManager.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManager.java
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 import android.content.Intent;
 import android.content.res.Resources;
 import android.net.NetworkSpecifier;
-import android.net.StringNetworkSpecifier;
+import android.net.TelephonyNetworkSpecifier;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiInfo;
 import android.os.UserHandle;
 import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
@@ -223,14 +223,8 @@
                     // name has been added to it
                     NetworkSpecifier specifier = nai.networkCapabilities.getNetworkSpecifier();
                     int subId = SubscriptionManager.DEFAULT_SUBSCRIPTION_ID;
-                    if (specifier instanceof StringNetworkSpecifier) {
-                        try {
-                            subId = Integer.parseInt(
-                                    ((StringNetworkSpecifier) specifier).specifier);
-                        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
-                            Slog.e(TAG, "NumberFormatException on "
-                                    + ((StringNetworkSpecifier) specifier).specifier);
-                        }
+                    if (specifier instanceof TelephonyNetworkSpecifier) {
+                        subId = ((TelephonyNetworkSpecifier) specifier).getSubscriptionId();
                     }
 
                     details = mTelephonyManager.createForSubscriptionId(subId)
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkPolicyManagerService.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkPolicyManagerService.java
index 04b51a9..270d97b 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkPolicyManagerService.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkPolicyManagerService.java
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@
 import android.net.NetworkState;
 import android.net.NetworkStats;
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate;
-import android.net.StringNetworkSpecifier;
+import android.net.TelephonyNetworkSpecifier;
 import android.net.TrafficStats;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiConfiguration;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
@@ -5304,16 +5304,12 @@
     }
 
     private int parseSubId(NetworkState state) {
-        // TODO: moved to using a legitimate NetworkSpecifier instead of string parsing
         int subId = INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID;
         if (state != null && state.networkCapabilities != null
                 && state.networkCapabilities.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)) {
             NetworkSpecifier spec = state.networkCapabilities.getNetworkSpecifier();
-            if (spec instanceof StringNetworkSpecifier) {
-                try {
-                    subId = Integer.parseInt(((StringNetworkSpecifier) spec).specifier);
-                } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
-                }
+            if (spec instanceof TelephonyNetworkSpecifier) {
+                subId = ((TelephonyNetworkSpecifier) spec).getSubscriptionId();
             }
         }
         return subId;
diff --git a/services/tests/servicestests/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkPolicyManagerServiceTest.java b/services/tests/servicestests/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkPolicyManagerServiceTest.java
index 2c941c6..c2346be 100644
--- a/services/tests/servicestests/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkPolicyManagerServiceTest.java
+++ b/services/tests/servicestests/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkPolicyManagerServiceTest.java
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@
 import android.net.NetworkStats;
 import android.net.NetworkStatsHistory;
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate;
-import android.net.StringNetworkSpecifier;
+import android.net.TelephonyNetworkSpecifier;
 import android.os.Binder;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.INetworkManagementService;
@@ -1836,7 +1836,8 @@
         if (!roaming) {
             nc.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING);
         }
-        nc.setNetworkSpecifier(new StringNetworkSpecifier(String.valueOf(subId)));
+        nc.setNetworkSpecifier(new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
+                .setSubscriptionId(subId).build());
         return nc;
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/net/java/android/net/TelephonyNetworkSpecifierTest.java b/tests/net/java/android/net/TelephonyNetworkSpecifierTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..47afed4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/net/java/android/net/TelephonyNetworkSpecifierTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtilsKt.assertParcelSane;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * Unit test for {@link android.net.TelephonyNetworkSpecifier}.
+ */
+@SmallTest
+public class TelephonyNetworkSpecifierTest {
+    private static final int TEST_SUBID = 5;
+
+    /**
+     * Validate that IllegalArgumentException will be thrown if build TelephonyNetworkSpecifier
+     * without calling {@link TelephonyNetworkSpecifier.Builder#setSubscriptionId(int)}.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testBuilderBuildWithDefault() {
+        try {
+            new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier.Builder().build();
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
+            // expected, test pass
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Validate that no exception will be thrown even if pass invalid subscription id to
+     * {@link TelephonyNetworkSpecifier.Builder#setSubscriptionId(int)}.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testBuilderBuildWithInvalidSubId() {
+        TelephonyNetworkSpecifier specifier = new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
+                .setSubscriptionId(SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID)
+                .build();
+        assertEquals(specifier.getSubscriptionId(), SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Validate the correctness of TelephonyNetworkSpecifier when provide valid subId.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testBuilderBuildWithValidSubId() {
+        final TelephonyNetworkSpecifier specifier = new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
+                .setSubscriptionId(TEST_SUBID)
+                .build();
+        assertEquals(TEST_SUBID, specifier.getSubscriptionId());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Validate that parcel marshalling/unmarshalling works.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testParcel() {
+        TelephonyNetworkSpecifier specifier = new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
+                .setSubscriptionId(TEST_SUBID)
+                .build();
+        assertParcelSane(specifier, 1 /* fieldCount */);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MultipathPolicyTrackerTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MultipathPolicyTrackerTest.java
index b783467..de1028c 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MultipathPolicyTrackerTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MultipathPolicyTrackerTest.java
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@
 import android.net.NetworkPolicyManager;
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate;
 import android.net.StringNetworkSpecifier;
+import android.net.TelephonyNetworkSpecifier;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.provider.Settings;
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
@@ -229,7 +230,7 @@
         verify(mCM).registerNetworkCallback(any(), networkCallback.capture(), any());
 
         // Simulate callback after capability changes
-        final NetworkCapabilities capabilities = new NetworkCapabilities()
+        NetworkCapabilities capabilities = new NetworkCapabilities()
                 .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
                 .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
                 .setNetworkSpecifier(new StringNetworkSpecifier("234"));
@@ -239,6 +240,19 @@
         networkCallback.getValue().onCapabilitiesChanged(
                 TEST_NETWORK,
                 capabilities);
+
+        // make sure it also works with the new introduced  TelephonyNetworkSpecifier
+        capabilities = new NetworkCapabilities()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
+                        .setSubscriptionId(234).build());
+        if (!roaming) {
+            capabilities.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING);
+        }
+        networkCallback.getValue().onCapabilitiesChanged(
+                TEST_NETWORK,
+                capabilities);
     }
 
     @Test